The seasonal sea ice zone encompasses the region between the winter maximum and summer minimum sea ice extent. In both the Arctic and Antarctic, the majority of the ice cover can now be classified as seasonal. Here, we review the sea ice physics that governs the evolution of seasonal sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic, spanning sea ice growth, melt, and dynamics and including interactions with ocean surface waves as well as other coupled processes. The advent of coupled wave–ice modeling and discrete-element modeling, together with improved and expanded satellite observations and field campaigns, has yielded advances in process understanding. Many topics remain in need of further investigation, including rheologies appropriate for seasonal sea ice, wave-induced sea ice fracture, welding for sea ice freeze-up, and the distribution of snow on seasonal sea ice. Future research should aim to redress biases (such as disparities in focus between the Arctic and Antarctic and between summer and winter processes) and connect observations to modeling across spatial scales.

中文翻译：

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季节性海冰区的物理学


季节性海冰区涵盖冬季最大海冰范围和夏季最小海冰范围之间的区域。在北极和南极地区，大部分冰盖现在都可以归类为季节性冰盖。在这里，我们回顾了控制北极和南极季节性海冰演化的海冰物理学，涵盖海冰生长、融化和动力学，包括与海洋表面波浪的相互作用以及其他耦合过程。波冰耦合建模和离散元建模的出现，加上卫星观测和现场活动的改进和扩展，在过程理解方面取得了进展。许多课题仍需要进一步研究，包括适合季节性海冰的流变学、波浪引起的海冰破裂、海冰冻结的焊接以及季节性海冰上的雪分布。未来的研究应该旨在纠正偏差（例如北极和南极之间以及夏季和冬季过程之间的焦点差异），并将观测结果与跨空间尺度的建模联系起来。