Marine transgression associated with rising sea levels causes coastal erosion, landscape transitions, and displacement of human populations globally. This process takes two general forms. Along open-ocean coasts, active transgression occurs when sediment-delivery rates are unable to keep pace with accommodation creation, leading to wave-driven erosion and/or landward translation of coastal landforms. It is highly visible, rapid, and limited to narrow portions of the coast. In contrast, passive transgression is subtler and slower, and impacts broader areas. It occurs along low-energy, inland marine margins; follows existing upland contours; and is characterized predominantly by the landward translation of coastal ecosystems. The nature and relative rates of transgression along these competing margins lead to expansion and/or contraction of the coastal zone and—particularly under the influence of anthropogenic interventions—will dictate future coastal-ecosystem response to sea-level rise, as well as attendant, often inequitable, impacts on human populations.

中文翻译：

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现代的海洋海侵


与海平面上升相关的海洋海侵导致全球海岸侵蚀、景观转变和人口流离失所。此过程有两种一般形式。沿着公海沿岸，当沉积物的输送速度无法跟上住宿的形成时，就会发生主动海侵，导致波浪驱动的侵蚀和/或沿海地貌向陆移动。它非常明显、湍急，并且仅限于海岸的狭窄部分。相比之下，被动越界更微妙、更缓慢，影响范围更广。它分布在低能量的内陆海洋边缘;遵循现有的高地等值线;主要特征是沿海生态系统向内陆平移。沿着这些竞争性边缘的海侵性质和相对速率导致沿海地区的扩张和/或收缩，特别是在人为干预的影响下，将决定未来沿海生态系统对海平面上升的反应，以及随之而来的、往往是不公平的对人类的影响。