The present-day state and future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet depend on the rate at which the ocean melts its fringing ice shelves. Ocean heat must cross many physical and dynamical barriers to melt ice shelves, with the last of these being the ice–ocean boundary layer. This review summarizes the current understanding of ice–ocean boundary-layer dynamics, focusing on recent progress from laboratory experiments, turbulence-resolving numerical simulations, novel observations, and the application to large-scale simulations. The complex interplay between buoyant meltwater and external processes such as current shear leads to the emergence of several melting regimes that we describe, as well as freezing processes. The remaining challenges include developing new parameterizations for large-scale ice–ocean models based on recent advances and understanding the coevolution of melt and basal topography.

中文翻译：

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海洋如何融化南极冰架？


南极冰盖的现状和未来取决于海洋融化其边缘冰架的速度。海洋热量必须跨越许多物理和动力学障碍才能融化冰架，其中最后一个是冰-海洋边界层。本文总结了当前对冰-海洋边界层动力学的理解，重点介绍了实验室实验、湍流分辨数值模拟、新颖观测以及在大规模模拟中的应用方面的最新进展。浮力融水与外部过程（如电流剪切）之间复杂的相互作用导致了我们描述的几种融化机制以及冻结过程的出现。剩下的挑战包括根据最新进展为大规模冰-海洋模型开发新的参数化，以及了解融体和基底地形的协同演化。