The physical property structure of the crustal medium exerts a significant control on the formation of seismic gaps and the associated strong earthquake risk. Using EMAG2-v3 magnetic anomaly grids and 5561 field outcrop rock magnetic susceptibility data, we inverted the 0.1 × 0.10 3D magnetic structure of the Sichuan-Yunnan region. Based on this structure, we analyzed its influence on regional tectonic

We explore the lithospheric strength in the Graham Land region of the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) through the integration of geological and geophysical data with numerical modeling. We used GNSS data and Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) models to derive velocity and strain fields, while rheological parameters and geothermal heat flow (GHF) provided constraints for calculating the lithospheric strength

We investigate crustal structure in the southeastern coastal basins of Tanzania and the Mozambique Coastal Plain (MCP), which formed during the breakup of Gondwana, using P-wave receiver functions and Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements. Sediment thicknesses, Moho depths, and the amount of crustal thinning that occurred during basin formation along the passive margin of eastern Africa are poorly

Many earthquake nests (regions of highly concentrated seismicity isolated from nearby activity) exist beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan. The largest and most active nest is the Tokyo Bay earthquake nest located at depths of 60–70 km in the northern part of Tokyo Bay. The largest earthquake in the Tokyo Bay earthquake nest was an M6 earthquake over the last ∼20 years. However, it is considered

The Zhenghe-Dapu fault (ZDF), situated in the Cathaysia Block of South China, has played a major role in the tectono-magmatic and geothermal activities in the region since Mesozoic-Cenozoic. However, the regional topography restricts the availability of surface heat flow data, hindering lithospheric thermal structure studies. Therefore, we used a broadband and long-period magnetotelluric profile with

We performed a 3-D AI-based structural interpretation of a seismic image volume derived from 3-D prestack time migration, and delineated fault geometries and the subsidiary Riedel shear fractures within the sedimentary overburden associated with the North Anatolian Fault System (NAFS) in the western half of Marmara Basin, Türkiye. We thus inferred existence of dextral strike-slip basement fault segments

The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) presents a spectrum of rift sector evolution from embryonic continental rifting in the south to incipient oceanic spreading in the north. The central sector of the MER (CMER) remains relatively immature, characterized by strain accommodation through border faults, axial magmatic segments, and off-rift magmatic zones. However, understanding of the tectonic and magmatic

The geological analysis of the Samos Island region, particularly the Samos Basin, based on seismic profiling, has revealed a complex tectonic history marked by significant deformation and seismic activity. The Mw 7.0 earthquake in October 2020 is linked to the activation of the E-W marginal fault, resulting in the formation of a south-tilted half-graben. This was followed by aftershocks ranging from

In this passive seismic tomography study, we examined the seismic structure of the African slab beneath the Antalya coast, extending from the Isparta Angle to the island of Cyprus, using regional data. The southern part of Turkey, adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, has a highly complex structure due to a wide range of tectonic and geodynamic processes, contributing to the high seismic activity of the

The exploration of hidden structures beneath complex tectonic regions using potential field edge detection techniques poses a significant challenge. Traditional edge enhancement methods encounter inherent limitations, such as generating low-resolution outcomes or heavily depending on source depth. To overcome these challenges, we introduced an innovative edge detector called the Enhanced Horizontal

Widespread andesitic volcanism with several eruption centres occurred during the Middle Miocene in the Cserhát Hills, central – northern Hungary. In this time, an extensive dyke system developed in the area, where some dykes have exposed maximum length of 23 km, and maximum width of 25 m. This dyke system shows a change in its strike from E–W to NNW–SSE. Here we integrate new and previous field observations

The Bayan Har block in central Tibetan Plateau is characterized by low historical seismicity and has rarely experienced M6+ earthquakes. However, on June 10, 2022, at 01:28 AM (UTC + 8), an Ms6.0 earthquake struck Maerkang in Sichuan Province, China, within the Bayan Har block. Four foreshocks and eight aftershocks with magnitudes greater than 3 occurred during the week of the mainshock with the largest

We utilize the H-k stacking technique on P-wave receiver functions from 38 seismic stations to estimate the crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio in the NW Himalaya and the adjoining Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). We observe varying crustal thickness from ∼29 km in the IGP to ∼50–60 km in the Higher Himalayan Crystalline Zone. An abrupt crustal thickening of ∼47–54 km observed near Jwalamukhi Thrust is due

The Makran Subduction Zone is unusual, with an ENE-WSW trending volcanic arc that is nonparallel to its ∼E-W trending accretionary prism. The discrepancy has been attributed to an eastward reduction of the subduction angle. To assess this theory, we relocated 146 moderate to large earthquakes in the region during the period 1968 to 2022. We found that in eastern Makran, the region with intermediate-depth

The Precambrain basement of the North China Craton (NCC) was formed through the merger of micro-continental blocks, the amalgamation mode of which has remained debated. To provide further insights and better understand the underground structures, we construct a more detailed shear wave velocity model of crust and uppermost mantle in the central and western NCC using multimodal ambient noise tomography

The northern margin of Hispaniola features an accretionary prism with morphological structures shaped by tectonic, hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes in oblique convergence between North American and Caribbean plates. The HAITISIS data in the northern Caribbean plate boundary elucidate the relationships between fault-driven tectonic activity, seafloor morphology, and effects of transpressional

The Lyngen Magmatic Complex (Northern Norway) marks a major discontinuity in the metamorphic gradient of the North Norwegian Caledonides nappe sequence. The Lyngen Magmatic Complex preserves pre- and syn-collisional structures and parageneses of the Caledonian orogeny. This study differentiates the two deformation events and offers a tectono-metamorphic model for the region, using a combination of

Due to the limitations of interpolation methods in areas with sparse data points and highly heterogeneous spatial distributions, this study employs the Gradient Boosted Regression Tree (GBRT) method to predict the terrestrial heat-flow distribution across mainland China. The model is trained using available heat-flow data, with regional geophysical and geological information incorporated as constraints

The olivine fabric is commonly used to infer mantle flow directions from seismic anisotropy. Despite this, the response of olivine fabric to variations in high pressure, stress, olivine water content—and its subsequent impact on seismic anisotropy of the upper mantle — remains ambiguous. Here we studied 27 peridotite xenoliths from the adjacent Jericho and Muskox kimberlite pipes in the northern Slave

Seismic Electric Signal (SES) refers to pre-earthquake geoelectric anomalies that may serve as precursors to seismic events. The detection and analysis of SES variations are crucial for short-term earthquake forecast. This study examines possible geoelectric changes observed before the aftershocks following the major earthquakes of February 6, 2023, in the Kahramanmaraş region, located at the southwestern

An electrical resistivity profile of the basement of the northeastern region of the Neuquén Basin and overlying units based on magnetotelluric data is presented. The data were obtained from the area where the basalts of the Payenia magmatic province cover the surface of the Eastern Platform near the basin edge. The exploration of the hydrocarbon potential in the Neuquén Basin has led to extensive investigations

The Paleozoic Eifel Fold and Thrust Belt is part of the northern Variscan Deformation Front. Due to erosion, parts of its uppermost layers have been removed, enabling direct seismic reflection imaging of its internal deformation pattern in the upper crust utilizing seismic reflection imaging techniques. Reprocessing of the BELCORP-DEKORP seismic reflection line 1A from 1987 reveals previously undocumented

The orogenic evolution of the western Pyrenees and its relationship with ancient rift architecture are well-studied and therefore represent a natural laboratory for investigating the link between structural inheritance and the distribution of present-day seismicity. In this study, we use an automated method to detect and pick P and S waves from local earthquakes to characterize the distribution of

The shallow structure of the Lökbatan mud volcano region was explored via direct current resistivity method. Primary focus was on investigating the thickness of mud volcano material along the volcano vent and its surroundings. Vertical electrical sounding (VES) data were measured using a Schlumberger electrode array. A two-dimensional (2D) inverse solution was applied to the VES data of each profile

The Himalayan-Tibetan Collision Zone (HTCZ) is one of the most geodynamically active regions on Earth, shaped by the continuous collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. This study analyzes the prevailing crustal stress and deformation patterns across the HTCZ by integrating earthquake focal mechanism solutions (FMS) with velocity data from the geodetic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)

The northeastern margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is characterized by a tectonic shift from subduction in the south to arc-continent collision in the north. We describe the intraplate crustal-scale structure and deformation along a 256-km-long wide-angle reflection/refraction line perpendicular to the Manila Trench (MT). It is found that 1) the subducting plate of the northeast SCS comprises thinned

Using the vertical component seismograms of 1583 events recorded by 1712 broadband stations in the SeisDmc and the ChinArray projects, Rayleigh wave phase velocities at 20–160 s periods of the North China Craton were estimated through Eikonal tomography. Phase velocities at 8–50 s periods and group velocities at 10–140 s periods from previous studies were included as an augmentation of our Rayleigh

To better understand the mechanism of the 2023 M4.3 Heyuan earthquake sequence, we relocate the events of this sequence during January to August 2023 and determine a focal mechanism solution of the Heyuan mainshock. A total of 565 events including the mainshock are precisely relocated using the double-difference location method. Our results show that most of the events occurred in the Shijiao-Xingang-Baitian

On 15 January 2022, the largest Hunga-Tonga volcano eruption ever recorded produced a plume, causing atmospheric waves that propagated from the volcanic epicenter to the surrounding areas. Although studies have reported multi-parameter responses to this eruption, the far-field areal strain on the surface remained underexplored. Here we adopted 7 parameters of the strain tensors in the far-field about

The first recorded moderate-intensity mainshock and largest aftershock in the boundary between the Basin and Range and Sierra Madre Oriental provinces are presented. This seismological evidence demonstrates the presence of active faulting in northeastern Mexico. We estimated seismic source parameters and surface deformation related to a low-moderate seismic sequence that occurred from May 11 to August

The Islas Marías Archipelago is located south of the Gulf of California. This study presents a structural geologic analysis of María Madre Island, coupled with a detailed bathymetric survey of the surrounding area. Our goal is to delineate the deformation geometry and identify new morphostructural features in the region. Bedding tilting coincided with normal faulting of the lower member of the Ojo

To understand the fault friction stability and seismic mechanisms under in-situ stress conditions of the Earth's crust, the rectangular prismatic rock sample with a sawcut fault inclined at an angle of 29° to the axis is introduced to withstand the three stress components of true triaxial stress conditions (vertical stress σv, horizontal stress σh, and stress parallel to the strike of the fault plane

The Laptev Sea region in Northeast Siberia is one out of very few examples for possible initiation of continental breakup. In the North seismicity concentrates along the Gakkel Ridge separating the oceanic parts of the North American and Eurasian plates. Earthquake epicenters are more diffuse on the Laptev Sea Shelf and further inland, where in 1927 two M6.7 earthquakes occurred just 200 km to the

In February 2023, a long seismic sequence began in western Mexico City causing widespread panic and some damage to housing infrastructure. On May 11 and December 14, two Mw3.2 mainshocks occurred at less than 700 m depth. Unprecedented satellite interferograms captured tectonic deformations in the two epicentral zones during the days surrounding the earthquakes. Data analysis revealed extended slip

Exhumation plays a crucial role in shaping the evolution and distribution of resource systems in sedimentary basins, affecting mineral and energy resource exploration. Accurate exhumation estimates, derived primarily from empirical equations based on compaction and thermal datasets, are essential but are often compromised by data errors and unquantified uncertainties in model parameters. For instance

The earthquake potential of the segment known as the Shumagin gap, located along the southwestern Alaska convergent margin, has been debated for over 40 years. This portion of the megathrust has not experienced a historically great earthquake with a magnitude (Mw) greater than Mw = 8.0, or at least none has been recorded in the instrumental era, exhibiting a moderate to low slip deficit. On 22 July

In this study, we calculated coseismic and time-dependent viscoelastic (VE) postseismic Coulomb stress changes of the 1999 İzmit (MW = 7.5) and Düzce (MW = 7.2) earthquakes along the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ). We assessed these changes in relation to the seismicity surrounding MW ≥ 5.0 earthquakes and the selected faults and locations. Excluding the 2009–2011–2012 Simav and 2020 Kırkağaç earthquake

Imaging the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) along and across the strike of the Himalaya is critical to understand seismogenesis and earthquake hazard. This study investigates the 3D P and S velocity structure of the Garhwal-Kumaon Himalaya (GKH) using travel times of 846 local events recorded at 54 broadband stations. Depth sections of the velocity anomalies capture the flat-ramp-flat structure of the

In this study, a comprehensive analysis comprising the relocation of ∼400 well-located earthquakes (M ≤ 4.9) recorded during 2013–2015 and 19-moment tensor solutions has been made. The earthquakes were recorded by 20 seismographic stations belonging to the Geological Survey of India (GSI) and National Centre for Seismology (NCS) networks. Then, the results are corroborated with the geophysical and

The Uruguayan Continental Margin (UCM) is considered one of the most promising frontier areas for hydrocarbon exploration in the South Atlantic. The UCM central sector, corresponding to the transitional region between the Punta del Este and Pelotas basins and where the Rio de la Plata Transfer System (RPTS) is located, exhibits outstanding characteristics such as interruption of the seaward dipping

The latest episode in the geodynamic evolution of the Ganga Basin invokes continent-continent collision, Himalayan mountain building, and flexure of the Indian plate, which resulted in deposition of thick alluvial sediments in the basin masking the geological heterogeneities of the Indian plate. In recent years, a series of magnetotelluric (MT) studies in the central Ganga Basin have brought out information

Contractional faults and shear zones are often reactivated by normal faulting and the timing of this kinematic switchover is critical for better understanding orogeny, especially the formation and exhumation of high-pressure rocks. We report two fault gouge ages of ∼30 and ∼25 Ma from the contact zone between the high-pressure Phyllite-Quartzite Unit and the overlying, weakly metamorphosed Tripolitza

The thickness of the Earth's crust, along with the relief and characteristics of the Moho discontinuity, serves as a critical constraint for numerous geoscientific investigations. By removing the gravitational effects of topography, seawater, sediment, and thermo-gravitational effects from the lithosphere in Zealandia and its adjacent regions, we isolate the gravity anomaly associated with the Moho

The inner NW Apennines includes the Lunigiana region, which has been shaken by several strong (M > 6.0) earthquakes in the last millenium until the most recent 2013 Mw 5.1, Fivizzano earthquake. In this study we profit from more than 30 years of seismicity and an updated map of the faults to perform a seismotectonic analysis. In order to enlarge our study to the strongest events, we also compute the

Enhanced earthquake sequence seismic catalogs have the potential to reveal fault surface complexities at depth (e.g., segmentation, bends). Past analyses were generally restricted to 2D analysis considering faults discontinuous along their strike and do not include segment temporal evolution. Our work provides a comprehensive methodology, for reconstructing the 3D fine-scale (few kilometers length)

Understanding natural fracture networks in rock masses is crucial due to their significant impact on mechanical behavior and fluid flow dynamics. Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models provide a robust framework for representing these networks and assessing their role as pathways for fluid migration. They also allow the study of the relationship between fracturing and large-scale geological features

Geothermal heat provides a low-carbon energy source, which can be used directly or to produce electricity. It is an important part of New Zealand's energy mix, but to date geothermal use in New Zealand has been focused in known hot regions, particularly the Taupō Volcanic Zone (TVZ), above the subducting Pacific Plate. This study examines the complexity of New Zealand's heat flow and crustal temperature

This study presents a novel approach to identifying and characterizing active faults in urban areas, using an example from the city of Cusco in Peru, by combining magnetotelluric (MT) exploration and radon gas monitoring. The research aims to improve understanding of the active faults in the Cusco Valley by using the MT method to provide subsurface electrical resistivity data, enabling the mapping

As one of the most renowned continental rifts on Earth, the East African Rift System (EARS) is characterized by intense rifting and active volcanic activity, creating a favorable geological setting for the development of crustal discontinuity and ground fissures. In this study, crustal discontinuities are defined as regions of weakness resulting from fault activity and crust-mantle interaction. This

Southeastern Coastal China, located at the southeastern margin of the Eurasian continent, is an essential part of the South China Block. It is characterized by extensive Mesozoic magmatism and polymetallic mineralization. To explore the potential impact of Mesozoic magmatic events on the crust, we analyzed inter-station cross-correlation functions from 878 seismic stations. Utilizing the recently developed

K-Mg salts are one to six orders of magnitude less viscous than halite and therefore flow faster than other evaporites. However, their influence and deformation patterns in diapiric structures are poorly understood. Analogue models are useful for simulating salt deformation, but have never been used to model heterogeneous salt formations involving low-viscosity K-Mg salts. We have developed a new material

The southeastern Sichuan basin possesses abundant gas shale resources that are currently being recovered. The basement strata are seismically active making it important to understand the effect of fluid injection during geo-energy extraction and storage. We recovered outcropping basement rocks and conducted friction experiments on simulated rock gouge to assess the potential for frictional stability

The structural relationship between the deep and shallow structures of the Western Sichuan Basin (WSB) holds significant information for comprehending the tectonic framework of the basin and the eastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. Although the regional structural geometries in the WSB have been extensively studied, the kinematics and controlling factors are still debated. Field observations

Analyzing how fracture networks develop from preexisting isolated fault segments in immature faults may provide knowledge of the preparation process leading to fault growth and dynamic rupture. We reproduce this process experimentally using triaxial compression experiments coupled with time-lapse in-situ synchrotron X-ray tomography in Westerly granite core samples (10 mm diameter, 20 mm height) that

We investigated the Kuradake fault group, which includes the Matoishi-bokujo-I (MbI), Tsumushi-yama (Ty), and Matoishi-hatabe-III (MhIII) faults, on the northwestern rim of Aso caldera, SW Japan. To obtain the total vertical displacement since ca. 87 ka, we conducted a geological survey, borings, and seismic profiling, and to obtain the vertical displacement due to slip triggered by the 2016 Kumamoto

The Kunlun fault is seismically active with successive strong earthquakes. Two seismic gaps along the fault that have not ruptured for several centuries, including the Xidatan and Maqin-Maqu segments, provoke urgent concerns on future seismic hazard. Quantitative analysis of crustal stress evolution, which is controlled by inter-seismic tectonic loading and strong earthquakes, is important for understanding

To better understand the moment deficit and seismic coupling in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, we jointly analyzed the seismic catalogs and GNSS observations to improve the assessment of earthquake hazards in the area. This study involved an updated GNSS velocity field in a unified reference frame which is used to determine the strain field, and compiled several earthquake catalogs to estimate the

The tectonic setting of the Oligo-Miocene Cura Mallín Basin in the southern Central Andes has been a topic of debate in recent years. Proposed models include extensional, compressional, and a hybrid-sequential model with an initial extension (∼20 Ma) followed by contraction (∼19 Ma). We conducted a detailed structural analysis to understand the tectonic evolution of the Cura Mallín Basin at the eastern