In addition to surface soil moisture (SSM) data, root zone soil moisture (RZSM) is particularly significant for irrigation decision-making and agricultural drought warnings since water uptake generally occurs through the root systems of plants. In this study, a daily/0.05° RZSM dataset covering the major land areas of China was generated from the synergistic use of satellite-derived SSM estimates and

Widespread and long-term shifts in weather patterns are contributing to further degradation of surface water quality. This challenge caused by the increasing frequency of extreme weather events requires appropriate adaptation of current mitigation strategies. But to confirm the need to redesign such strategies, an understanding of the impacts of increasing weather extremes on pollutant losses in different

The oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope composition in precipitation serves as a benchmark in most isotope atmospheric, (eco-) hydrological, and paleoclimatological applications. Several rain collectors have been designed for collecting monthly, daily, or event-based precipitations aiming to prevent evaporation and associated isotope fractionation. Oil collectors have been the most widely used for many

Climate change alters water availability (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, i.e., water yield, WY), especially in arid regions like Northwest China (NWC) where water resources are limited. Despite large-scale implementation of ecological restoration projects has contributed to greener vegetation, this may exacerbate dryland water stress, which in turn interferes with climate change impacts on

The hydrological drought life-cycle begins at the onset and includes intensification and recovery stages. Previous studies have mainly considered each stage separately, so a comprehensive life-cycle pattern analysis is lacking. Moreover, differences in hydrological drought life-cycle patterns across different climatic basins still need in-depth research. This study proposed an integrated framework

This paper proposes the use of Complex Network Analysis tools to study the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of groundwater abstraction wells within a region of interest. To that end a weighted undirected network connecting wells within a certain distance was built. The edge weights take into account the distance between the wells as well as their corresponding abstraction volumes. In addition

The permeability of rock fracture is essential for fluid flow and storage stability in subsurface engineering and geological fluid resource development. Estimating this permeability using geoelectrical monitoring offers a promising approach. However, quantitatively interpreting the relationship between the resistivity (ρ) and permeability (k) in saturation zone is limited by the scarcity of rock-physical

Clay layers are presumed sources of original arsenic (As) in the groundwater of underlying aquifers. However, studies have focused less on the release mechanism of As from clay layers compared to well-studied As release from aquifers, especially during the natural compaction process of clay layers and its role in As mobilization. Herein, simulation experiments of the natural compaction of clay layers

Groundwater extraction compromises the function of groundwater-dependent ecosystems, such as freshwater wetlands. Identifying whether groundwater conservation restores wetland hydrology is a first step toward rehabilitating impaired wetlands. In the Tampa Bay region of Florida (U.S.), groundwater extraction rates have been declining since 1998, partly in response to desiccation of wetlands and waterbodies

Peatlands are one of the largest natural terrestrial carbon store, which evolve closely with the hydrological functioning. Evapotranspiration serves as a nexus of the carbon and water cycles in peatlands. Its long-term changes in the geological past are essential to gain a complete understanding of its response to global warming. Here, the evapotranspiration changes in peatlands from the monsoon regions

High leachate levels in landfills not only threaten the environment but also seriously affect the stability of piles. Therefore, it is crucial to pump leachate from piles, and vertical pumping wells have demonstrated their effectiveness in practical engineering. This paper establishes a model of vertical pumping wells, taking into account the non-homogeneous distribution of geotechnical parameters

Coastal fresh groundwater is threatened by salinization due to both sea-level rise and storm-surge overwash. Most studies of subsurface saltwater intrusion focus on sea-level rise, but storms that are becoming more frequent and intense with climate change could have more imminent and permanent effects on aquifer salinity. Few studies directly compare saltwater intrusion due to sea-level rise with saltwater

Groundwater-surface water (GW-SW) interactions are complex phenomena that vary naturally over space and time and are being influenced by environmental change. The Whitson River watershed is a mixed land-use Precambrian shield watershed located in Northeastern Ontario, Canada in which groundwater is a source of municipal water supply and in which groundwater and surface waters are at risk of potential

Studies of rainfall usually focus on the total amount precipitating throughout a certain period. Compared to rain rates associated with extreme events, the rain rates associated with the most frequent events is understudied. In this study, the characteristics of daily precipitation in India are explored using two metrics − rain frequency peak (the most frequent non-zero rain rate) and rain amount peak

The interaction between surface water and groundwater is crucial for the management of water resources and the preservation of ecosystems within arid basins, but knowledge on their interaction regimes at the watershed scale remains relatively limited. The present research synthesizes a range of multi-proxy data, including satellite thermal infrared remote sensing, water piezometric level, hydrochemical

Hydraulic tunnels, integral components of hydropower plant (HPP) systems, traversing diverse rock masses, pose challenges for long-term operation. The study’s main goal was to investigate how hydraulic transients originating from the headrace tunnel transfer through the concrete lining and manifest in surrounding aquifer systems. In this experimental study at the water pressure tunnel of HPP Pirot

Fracture networks contribute to the differential weathering of fractured bedrock at multiple scales. The influence of competing fracture networks is discussed in light of hydrogeochemical conditions to predict the dissolution pattern resulting from spheroidal weathering. The investigation of the dimensionless Péclet (Pe) and Damköhler (Da) numbers on a simple case of a dual-scale fracture network and

The study of runoff formation in semiarid regions relies generally on the solution of Richards equations using numerical approaches such as those provided by Hydrus-1D. We demonstrate here that a Simple Analytical Method (SAM) could be easily applied to estimate areas under flooding risk, under different soil and rainfall conditions, without the need to run burdensome numerical models. The impact of

Predicting and managing water resources at regional scale under different climate and socio-economic scenarios is crucial to support drinking water supply and other sectors. At the same time, protecting rivers and wetlands from pollutions and droughts is essential and must include groundwater given its contribution to surface water. Yet, assessing temporal and spatial variability of groundwater contributions

Decreasing groundwater temperature by freshwater extraction and cold-water recharge can mitigate seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. However, the impact of frequently employed and easily executed intermittent well operations on this has been overlooked. This study numerically examines temperature and salinity distributions in coastal aquifers subject to intermittent freshwater extraction and cold-water

Green infrastructure (GI) is essential for stormwater management, but its implementation in highly urbanized areas is challenging due to the limited space available for GI retrofitting. There is a lack of comprehensive evaluations that assess the spatial adaptability, functionality, and cost-benefit of various GI measures, and optimize their placement to achieve the maximum reduction rate of total

Interactions between groundwater and surface water sustain groundwater-dependent ecosystems and regulate river temperature and biogeochemical cycles, amongst many other processes. These interactions occur in freshwater environments including rivers, springs, lakes, and wetlands, and in coastal environments via tidal pumping, submarine groundwater discharge, and seawater intrusion. Here, we explore

In this study, a behavioral −hydrological simulation modeling framework is developed to explore the functioning of human-water systems. The main objective is to identify the psycho-social factors affecting water conservation intentions among farmers, and then realize the interactions and bidirectional feedback between humans and water resources. For this purpose, the agent-based modeling (ABM) and

The lack of hydrology data brings challenges to the accurate simulation of the inundation range of flash floods using hydrodynamic models. In addition, the water bodies of flash floods often disappear quickly, which makes it difficult for remote sensing satellites to extract flash flood inundated areas without standing water. There is currently no research using flood sediment deposition areas to characterize

Dual-porosity models have been shown to improve models of soil–water movement and enhance the water balance of structured soils. In this study we introduce novel, continuous, closed-form, bimodal, lognormal functions for soil–water retention, θ(ψ), and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, K(ψ), enhancing traditional models and significantly improving predictions, particularly for pumice soils. These

Aquitard hydraulic conductivity (K), specific storage (Ss) and porosity (ϕ) are critical to the modeling of flow and mass and heat transport in groundwater systems, yet comprehensive insights into their statistical characteristics remain limited. This study compiles 456 K values from 47 studies, 202 Ss values from 49 studies and 239 ϕ values from 18 studies, followed by rigorous statistical analysis

Hyporheic zone is an essential landscape element controlling the biogeochemical processes and water exchange in river-aquifer system. Complex hyporheic flow patterns may occur because of the effects of point bars and aquifer heterogeneity within riparian zone. This study aimed to investigate the effect of point bar on the hyporheic exchange within riparian zone with different sediment particles through

The Eckhardt’s filter, a recursive digital filter widely used in hydrology to separate baseflow, relies on two parameters: the recession constant (a) and the maximum allowable long-term ratio of baseflow to streamflow (BFImax). While a can be determined through regression analyses, BFImax is often assigned an arbitrary value because of limited catchment information for a more objective determination

The composition and fluxes of organic carbon transported by river systems are important for the terrestrial carbon cycle in terms of source to sink, and the impacts of dam regulation on large rivers are well documented. However, complex river–lake interactions and extreme weather events still hinder a comprehensive understanding of the transformation of riverine carbon within the large river basin

Gravel-bed rivers are an important source of groundwater recharge in some regions of the world. Their interactions with groundwater are complex and highly variable in space and time, with considerable water storage in the riverbed sediments. In losing river sections, where most of the groundwater recharge occurs, the river can be separated from the regional groundwater system by an unsaturated zone

Drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA), or the rapid shift between droughts and floods, is a complex phenomenon that cannot be fully captured by individual meteorological or hydrological factors alone. However, previous studies have rarely taken into account multiple factors simultaneously, and have identified DFAA events using either precipitation or runoff. This study proposed a novel index, the

Physics-based models can achieve precise flood inundation forecasts, but their real-world application is limited by their high computational cost. Deep learning (DL) models, with the capability to establish mapping relationships for complex mechanistic processes and high computational efficiency, serve as promising alternatives. However, DL models require massive amounts of training data to achieve

Evaluating the process sensitivities is critical for development and improvement of many process-based hydrologic models, yet this task remains challenging due to the diverse process conceptualizations. In this study, we developed an integrated global sensitivity analysis strategy tailored for process sensitivity analysis under different process conceptualizations, where a process can be characterized

Egypt, relying heavily on the Nile as its primary water resource, is facing a rising water budget deficit due to increasing consumption, hydroclimatic changes, and upstream river damming. To address the above, innovative management of High Aswan Dam Reservoir (HADR), the third largest artificial reservoir on Earth, and its exchange with the surrounding groundwater system is suggested to develop new

Controlled drainage (CD) has emerged as an effective strategy to prevent field waterlogging and mitigate drought during crop growth by altering the hydrological process, while few studies have quantified its effect on groundwater-surface water interactions and groundwater recharge at a regional scale. In this study, a new model is developed for the coupled numerical simulation of water flow in ditches

Due to the complex runoff and concentration situation, flood forecasting for small and medium-sized catchments is very difficult. To improve the accuracy of flood forecasting, this study constructs a distributed model for flood forecasting based on the Xainanjiang (XAJ) model and the North China (NC) model respectively, and takes the deep learning model including LSTM and transformer to compare. Taking

The determination of the Representative Elementary Volume (REV) is vital for comprehending the behavior of soil structural characteristics within the micro-to-macro framework. This study utilizes X-ray computed tomography to provide a detailed microscopic exploration of how waste cement, glass powder, and straw fibers contribute to the reduction of permeability in granite residual soils. Based on the

The accurate acquisition of soil water content is a fundamental cornerstone of research into hydrological processes and agricultural engineering. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been validated for hydrological studies and soil monitoring. The establishment of a quantitative relationship between ERT resistivity data and soil water content is usually based on rock physics models. However

Contamination with petroleum could alter the soil hydrological processes and degrade soil and vegetation. Reclamation of petroleum contaminated soil is limited by the absence of scientific data regarding contaminated soil hydrological properties. In this study, we determined the effects of petroleum contamination on the hydrological properties of sandy soil with different contamination levels (0 g

River systems are highly dynamic, affecting all associated structures and their derived uses. This is particularly relevant for applications such as hydropower production and other water abstractions. This dynamic nature also extends to mitigation measures like fishways, which are vital for reducing the impact of river fragmentation on fish populations. Fishways must be designed to balance biological

Groundwater pesticide pollution in shallow groundwater is a well-established global phenomenon. However, deep aquifers are widely thought to be naturally protected from such modern contaminants, by confining geological barriers and upwards hydraulic gradients. Here we document pervasive pesticide pollution in >100 m deep artesian wells in a sedimentary aquifer below dryland agriculture. The vertical

Agricultural water demand, groundwater extraction, surface water delivery and climate exhibit complex nonlinear relationships with groundwater storage in agricultural regions. As alternatives to computationally intensive physical models, data-driven machine learning methods are frequently employed as surrogates to capture these complex relationships, owing to their high computational efficiency. Inevitably

Understanding the coalescence of materials and microorganisms across pre-configured functional zones in coupled ecosystems is crucial for refining ecological restoration strategies. Deciphering how this coalescence triggers changes in state and functionality is key. However, the emergence of alternative states due to coalescence impacts could lead to abrupt ecological changes near boundaries, with

The Mekong plume, which sustains the geomorphology and rich biodiversity along the coastal zone of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), has been under intensifying threats from dams, riverbed mining and sea level rise. However, our understanding of how much the intensifying stressors have altered the long-term spatiotemporal dynamics of the plume remains limited. In this paper, we investigate the spatiotemporal

Large basins with insufficient hydrological station distribution and lacking sufficient meteorological data, such as water level and discharge, pose significant challenges in developing reliable hydrological models. These models are crucial for addressing water resource-related challenges such as climate change (e.g., floods and droughts) and human-induced activities (e.g., dams) impacts. Recent advancements

Short-term nitrate variations in streams are common, but the extent of groundwater contributions to such variability has been unclear. Analysis of well, spring and stream nitrate concentrations plus well water levels and stream flow for a chalk aquifer in Dorset (UK) shows that nitrate variation in streams lags discharge peaks by days to weeks. Spring monitoring also shows a short lag time, showing

Hurst’s paper on the Nile’s flow variability marked a pivotal moment in hydrology and beyond by introducing what was called the Hurst phenomenon. Independently, Kolmogorov developed a mathematical model describing this behaviour a decade earlier. The Hurst-Kolmogorov dynamics (HKd) is used to express this phenomenon physically and mathematically, which is characterised by high uncertainty and persistence

Fluvial ecosystems are vital for biodiversity and human welfare but face increasing threats from flow intermittency caused by climate change and water development. We analyzed 12 years of spatially explicit daily river drying from the Rio Grande, a historically perennial and regulated river in the North American desert southwest. Using multivariate autoregressive state space models, we identified the

Enhancing urban resilience represented a viable strategy to mitigate flooding induced by intense human activities and climate change. However, existing studies often concentrated on system attributes or isolated resilience characteristics, failing to offer a holistic evaluation of urban flood resilience performance. Thus, it was imperative to develop a comprehensive flood resilience framework that

Aquatic vegetation provides ecological, hydrological, and aesthetic functions for rivers, and measuring velocity in vegetated channels is essential for river management. The paper presents a method for modeling the lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocities behind an emergent vegetation patch. Based on SKM, this approach divides the channel behind an emergent vegetation patch into pseudo-vegetation

The identification of the air–water interface in free surface flows traditionally involves intrusive techniques or costly equipment. Non-intrusive alternatives, such as computer vision, are emerging as highly effective substitutes or supplements for more invasive techniques in laboratory measurements, thanks to their straightforward implementation and cost efficiency. This research specifically delves

Coastal low-lying sand islands confront an imminent threat owing to global warming, primarily stemming from the confluence of rising sea levels and amplified precipitation variability. These islands harbour delicate freshwater reservoirs in unconfined aquifers, reliant significantly upon precipitation for replenishment. This investigation focuses on a sand island situated along Australia’s eastern

Comprehending the hydrological conditions in wetlands is a critical aspect of successfully enhancing wetland conservation. The interaction between wetland surface water and groundwater is a complex process, requiring detailed onsite hydrological and soil surveys, laboratory experiments, and modeling to clarify this relationship. However, conventional investigation methods often cause significant disruptions

Riverbed scouring and siltation, affected by variations in river flow and sediment concentration, can cause changes in the sediment thickness, leading to the complex feedback between riverbed permeability and nutrient–reactive transport processes. Currently, the migration and transformation of iron and manganese under changed riverbed sediment thickness have not been taken into account. Based on indoor

Recent years, frequent floods have posed enormous challenges to urban systems worldwide. Real-time accurate urban flood information has a significant impact on emergency decisions. With the growth of citizen sensor science, video image is becoming a novel data source and emerging great potential in urban flood management. Recent studies have focused on detecting the flooded states of reference objects

Sediment connectivity influences sediment flux in the Tarim River Basin (TRB), a region facing severe sedimentation and desertification, which directly threaten the region’s ecological security. To analyze the potential connectivity of sediment from hillslope to catchment outlets, we calculated the index of connectivity (IC) of TRB from 1990 to 2020 using a sediment connectivity model, referencing

In this paper, the results of the characterization of Kamphorst’s rainfall simulator obtained by laboratory experiments carried out at the Department of Agricultural, Food, and Forest Sciences of the University of Palermo, are presented. At first, the rainfall uniformity distribution was positively verified considering several pressure heads (ranging from 1.9 cm to 11.9 cm) and water temperatures (from

In arid and semi-arid regions, accurate estimates of global primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) are critical for understanding and managing water and carbon cycling in these fragile ecosystems. In this study, an improved ET-photosynthesis model (PT-JPL-GPP) was used to optimize GPP and ET estimates in these ecosystems by introducing the near infrared reflectance index (NIRv). NIRv

Understanding the response of vegetation dynamics to droughts at regional scales is of great importance to reveal the behavior mechanism of terrestrial ecosystems. Under the realm of statistical analysis, this study intends to detect the quantitative information about the impact from droughts to vegetation dynamics, from their respective time series. Two problems should be considered regarding the

Profile soil water content (SWC) is a vital variable in the atmosphere-vegetation-soil system. Although remote sensing currently can provide reliable surface SWC data (∼5 cm depth), acquiring accurate subsurface SWC data from existing reanalysis products remain challenging. In this study, we evaluated two widely used methods in estimating subsurface SWC, namely the exponential filter (ExpF) and the