The coexistence of salt production with coastal and residential areas presents significant environmental pollution risks. This study explores the hydrochemical characteristics and radium isotopic signatures of saline water through case studies of groundwater and surface water in representative coastal salt fields, supplemented by additional data. The water in salt field regions is predominantly of

Precipitation-runoff modeling is an essential non-engineering measure for assessing water resources and ensuring their sustainable use. For the complex hydrological cycle, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks have proven effective in handling hydrological time series data. However, LSTM’s compatibility with various data forms and its accuracy still require further improvement. This study aims to

Well-known natural disasters (i.e., drought) are notably difficult to control and have far-reaching effects. The identification and evaluation of drought are essential for designing water scarcity management plans. Studies have shown that a single drought index has a limited ability for drought monitoring. Therefore, the composite drought index (CDI) was revised by integrating a moisture index that

Drought index is the first step in drought monitoring and mitigation. However, nonstationarity in the hydrometeorological data series violates the assumption of stationarity in drought indices. Here we propose a nonstationary standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (NSPEIt). We adopt the Penalized Splines (PS) and Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (SPDE) to fit the water deficit

Overflow of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) from coal mining poses critical ecological restoration challenges to the surrounding water, sediment and soil. However, little is known about the assembly processes and coexistence patterns of microbial communities in AMD-contaminated rivers. Therefore, by using high-throughput sequencing combined with multivariate statistical analysis, the seasonal dynamics of

Climate change will increase drought risk, severity, and economic losses. The spatiotemporal evolution and propagation of droughts could be deeply understood based on three-dimensional perspective. In this study, The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, Standardized Runoff Index, and Standardized Soil Moisture Index was used to describe meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural

Globally, severe soil erosion in river basins presents critical challenges for watershed management and environmental sustainability. Traditional sediment load models often fail to accurately capture sediment dynamics in watersheds due to limited understanding of the energy mechanisms driving soil erosion and their relationship with human activities and other influencing factors. To address this gap

Mangrove ecosystem helps mitigate regional and global climate change, but increasing land reclamation for aquaculture has degraded many mangroves wetlands. Integrated mangrove wetland-aquaculture systems can be a promising way to support both mangrove restoration and aquaculture, but its impacts on greenhouse gas emissions remain largely unknown. In this study, we compared CH4 and N2O fluxes between

This study develops a robust ensemble machine learning methodology for predicting average annual salinity by combining multiple machine learning algorithms. Salt concentration is a crucial water quality indicator, and salinity issues cost $300 million annually in the U.S. Irrigated agricultural lands in the Upper Colorado River Basin contribute excessively to dissolved solid loads despite covering

Climate change impacts water supply dynamics in the Upper Rio Grande (URG) watersheds of the US Southwest, where declining snowpack and altered snowmelt patterns have been observed. While temperature and precipitation effects on streamflow often receive the primary focus, other hydroclimate variables may provide more specific insight into runoff processes, especially at regional scales and in mountainous

A comprehensive monitoring of urban drainage network (UDN) is essential for maintenance, management, and sustainable urban development. However, limited sensor deployment hinders the acquisition of sufficient information. Conventional deep learning methodologies can predict and correct monitored data but struggle with unobserved data. Hydraulic models can simulate behaviors but face data collection

Stand transpiration (T) is an important biophysical indicator of the forest hydrological cycle and ecosystem energy partitioning and can be used to determine the effects of drought on forest ecosystems. Therefore, clarifying how changes in soil moisture affect the mechanism of transpiration response to potential evapotranspiration (PET) is crucial for developing forest management strategies based on

Rare earth elements (REEs) are increasingly accumulated in groundwater due to anthropogenic activities, but their fate, hydrogeochemical behavior, and health impacts remain poorly understood and regulated. We have systematically reviewed the scientific literature over the last decades concerning sources, geochemical processes, potential tracer, and health impacts of REEs in groundwaters. REEs in groundwaters

The significant increase in precipitation instability caused by global climate change has increased the probability of flash flood risk and attracted widespread attention. Due to the suddenness and destructiveness of flash flood risks, it is urgent to construct a minute-level rainfall-runoff model. Therefore, this study takes the slope as the basic response unit and combines slope experimental observation

Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause (CKDu) poses a serious threat to the life safety of people in many countries. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in groundwater has been proposed to be a potential pathogenic factor of CKDu, but its sources are still controversial. Herein, the combination of excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was

Minute-level water demand forecasting (MWDF) is important for smart scheduling and leakage detection in district metering areas (DMAs). In recent years, deep learning-based methods have gained increasing attention. However, these methods often encounter challenges owing to numerous hyperparameters and substantial data requirements. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel method based

To evaluate the coastal flood risk, it is essential to study the spatial properties of rainfall extremes and the effects of storm tides. This paper investigates the spatial analysis of extreme rainfall across different coastal cities and examines the dependence analysis between rainfall extremes and storm tides. A bivariate threshold excess model and an enumeration method were employed to conduct the

Groundwater storage in aquifers has become a vital water source due to water scarcity in recent years. However, aquifer systems are full of uncertainties, which inevitably propagate throughout the modeling computations, mainly reducing the reliability of the model output. The fundamental science problem this study addresses is the development of a two-dimensional stochastic confined groundwater flow

The seasonal freeze–thaw irrigation district faces severe soil and secondary salinization, which is closely related to the water, heat, and salt transport in freezing soils under flood irrigation/irrigation-induced ice cover. A flood irrigation experiment was conducted in lysimeters at the Yonglian Station, Hetao Irrigation District, in December 2020 (late irrigation). The three treatment lysimeters

Lakes are commonly accepted as a sensitive indicator of regional climate change, including the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study took the Ranwu Lake, located in the southeastern TP, as the research object to investigate the relationship between the lake and regional hydroclimatological regimes. The well-known Budyko framework was utilized to explore the relationship and its causes. The results showed

Although the application of nitrogen fertilizer increases grain yield, it also raises the risk of nitrogen leaching to groundwater. Not much work has been done on nitrogen accumulation and leaching at a watershed level, especially for deep vadose zone of alluvial-proluvial sediments. Here, nitrate (NO3–) accumulation and leaching were investigated in the deep vadose zone (20 m below ground level (b

Groundwater is a massive portion of the total freshwater available, representing a primary source of water for domestic and agricultural uses, often threatened by climate change and human pressure. Its monitoring is thus a priority challenge for which satellite sensors can help in overcoming common issues related to in situ networks. This study proposes a novel approach for estimating groundwater recharge

Tidal fluctuations in coastal aquifers offer critical insights into the controls and dynamics of groundwater flow systems. This study presents a new analytical model designed to examine tide-driven variations in groundwater levels, particularly in systems with complex boundary conditions. Unlike previous models, the proposed model incorporates the effects of semi-permeable zones at interfaces and partial

Advanced warning of flash flooding plays a vital role in mitigating risk. Established warning models focus on deterministic indicators and do not consider the probability of flash flood occurrences. This study proposed a probabilistic framework based on CNN-LSTM-MultiHead-Attention (CLMA) by considering the threshold optimization for the flash flooding warnings, and compared it with a deterministic

Exploring the human dimension in water resource decision-making has become increasingly relevant for enhancing the effectiveness of water policies, notably water allocation strategies. The complexity of human-water system interactions poses a challenge to the representation of the dynamics of the system and its regulation. This study presents a framework for socio-hydrological analysis grounded on

Soil moisture is a key factor that influences the productivity and energy balance of ecosystems and biomes. Global soil moisture measurements have coarse native resolutions of 36km and infrequent revisits of around three days. However, these limitations are not present for many variables connected to soil moisture such as land surface temperature and evapotranspiration. For this reason many previous

Flash flood forecasting is a challenging task for hydrological modelers due to its complexity, which often poses obstacles to physics-based models. Given the fast-dynamic nature of flash floods and the related scarcity of data, achieving accurate predictions would require a demanding amount of experimentation to identify the most suitable model for each specific watershed. In this context, this study

Current basin-scale patterns in riverine total-phosphorus (TP) retention and flux for predicting water quality remain unclear, when considering TP as a key water quality indicator. We modeled TP retention and fluxes from the largest Changjiang River network in China based on high-frequency monitoring data of TP concentrations at 55 monitoring stations during Jan.1, 2021-Dec.31, 2022. We emphasized

Riparian fens are peatlands that are fed by precipitation, groundwater, and surrounding surface water bodies. They can therefore be influenced by meteorological conditions, emphasised by global warming, and anthropogenic constraints such as flow regulation of the nearby rivers. In this paper, field monitoring and numerical modelling were used to identify the main drivers of water table dynamics at

Reliable spatial–temporal simulation and forecast of flood are crucial for accurate flood control. Profile soil moisture (PSM) is a key intermediate variable in rainfall-runoff transformation, its spatial heterogeneity affects the spatial–temporal processes of floods. However, soil moisture data in the current flood modeling researches are only the intermediately simulated values that lack spatial

In response to pollutant inflows caused by anthropogenic and meteorological influences within watersheds, effective hydrological management of stream ecosystems and water quality is crucial. This study employs a random forest regression model to explore the intricate, non-linear relationships between watershed characteristics and meteorological variability, and their impacts on stream water quality

Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) are a family of water content values versus soil suction, illustrating the hysteresis in natural soil. The accurate and efficient estimation of SWCCs is indispensable in geotechnical engineering and hydrology. This paper aims to develop a comprehensive model for accurately estimating the family of SWCCs for sandy soils using their unimodal grain size distribution

Groundwater drought, as a form of hydrological drought, embodies the distinctive characteristics of the aquifer and human-induced disruptions within the hydrological system. The intricate nature of groundwater flow systems, coupled with challenges in acquiring field observations related to aquifers, poses significant challenges in quantitatively characterizing groundwater drought. The present paper

This study explores the performance of Phycically-based modelling (PBM), Machine learning (ML), and Hybrid modelling (HM) in soil water movement. Three types of models were tested on experiments under different soils and external pressure head conditions. In PBM, we proposed an adaptive step-length model named Time Cellular Automata (TCA), achieving an RMSE of 5.91, which outperforms HYDRUS (RMSE 7

Groundwater is a crucial water supply resource for Beijing, the capital of China. However, high fluoride (F) concentrations in groundwater have been reported previously on the southern Beijing Plain. In this study, F distribution in groundwater and aquifers of the southern Beijing Plain is comprehensively elucidated and its controlling factors are analyzed by integrating multiple approaches, including

Flash droughts differ from traditionally defined droughts in their rapidity of intensification and often associated high vapor-pressure deficit. These droughts can lead to declines in streamflow and water table depth and induce water stress to vegetation at a greater rate than droughts that manifest over longer periods. However, little is known regarding the response of forested environments to flash

A well-designed and strategically distributed sustainable drainage system (SuDS) can potentially restore the hydrologic conditions of urban areas to their pre-development state. However, cities situated in sloping or landslide-prone areas rarely adopted this technique. In such terrains, slopes could be potential seepage faces for groundwater discharges, causing uncertainty over the efficacy of SuDS

Just water resource allocation is a critical policy issue, particularly in water-scarce areas. Governments claim that water allocation policies are adopted and implemented based on justice. However, justice is a value that still requires clear explanations and rules for implementation. This study mainly explores the perception of Iranian policy-makers in water resources concerning the distributive

Achieving reasonable and effective nutrient management requires a comprehensive framework that seamlessly integrates modelling outcomes for both present conditions and future projections. Due to the diversity of basin attributes and variations of removal processes in large-scale basins, it remains difficult to understand nutrient budgets in basins with complex stream networks. Additionally, external

India’s complex topography and the increasing influence of climate change have exacerbated the challenges of modeling 1-hour non-stationary extreme rainfall events. Prior studies have indicated rising intensities of such events, particularly in coastal and urban areas. This study addresses these issues by developing 155 basin-specific non-stationary surface response models, incorporating geographical

Surface water bodies provide essential sources of fresh water for drinking, agriculture and industrial purposes. The hyporheic zone beneath and around surface water bodies plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and functionality of aquatic ecosystems. In recent times, surface water bodies have been observed to dry up rapidly in many parts of the globe due to groundwater drought. Hence, examining

The Jinsha River (JSR) serves as a crucial ecological corridor in the upper Yangtze River Basin, hosting one of the world’s largest cascade hydropower dam (CHD) developments. However, systematic quantitative research on riparian vegetation (RV) ecosystems along JSR response to CHD construction and climate change is lacking. Using multi-source datasets from 2000 to 2022, we quantified the effects of

Hydrological models use methods of varying complexity to compute vertical infiltration described by Richards equation, which lacks an analytical solution, and is often solved using time-consuming, iterative numerical models. For continuous hydrological simulations these models are often replaced by simpler, yet less accurate models for greater computational efficiency. Seeking a compromise between

The study encompasses three cases: a segment of the pristine carbonate aquifer with relatively low dissolved sulphate concentrations, often below 20 mg/L; a chalk aquifer contaminated by hydrocarbons, where microbial sulphate reduction was confirmed; and an experiment involving dissimilatory sulphate reduction. Bayesian models were developed using Python and its libraries, alongside the open-source

Mountainous regions are often described as ‘water towers’ because they are important sources of freshwater that sustain downstream water supply and ecosystems. With the increasing demand for groundwater extraction and climate change, detailed knowledge of the recharge patterns of mountain spring systems is required. Mountain spring recharge can be challenging to determine due to its various potential

This study proposes a novel dynamical model-based method to estimate Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) under climate change. The proposed method fundamentally builds on the Atmospheric Initial and Boundary condition shifting method to realize storm transposition and the pseudo-global warming (PGW) method in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. This study presents a case study of the

The Pan Third Pole (PTP) contains Tibet Plateau and its surrounding regions such as Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Pamirs and it is one of the highest and most fragile as well as rapidly developing regions of the Earth. Besides, PTP origins Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang-Mekong River, which feed millions of people downstream. Therefore, climate change in PTP has significant impact on livings and

The IPCC’s estimates of N2O emissions focus on soils in forests, grasslands and agricultural lands, but often neglect the contributions from aquatic systems, especially small coastal water bodies in built-up areas. In this study, we conducted seasonal analyses of N2O concentrations, N2O fluxes and the relevant functional gene abundances in various water bodies (farmland ditches, aquaculture sewage

Low-complexity terrain-based models are increasingly utilized for their rapid simulation time and low data requirements. The Height Above Nearest Drainage terrain index coupled with Synthetic Rating Curves (HAND-SRC) emerges as a prominent model for mapping floods from a digital elevation model (DEM). However, the DEM requirements for its implementation remain unclear in many geographic settings. In

Fracture networks in rocks control the seepage movement, playing a vital role in various subsurface engineering applications. Presently, the prevailing fracture equivalent permeability models mostly depend on observed geometric characteristics while ignoring the network’s topology. In fact, the fracture distribution exhibits significant anisotropy, resulting in topology exerting substantial control

Accurate streamflow prediction with sufficient lead-time is important for water resources planning and management, and optimal scheduling of reservoirs and power stations. This paper proposes a novel hybrid model for multi-lead-time streamflow interval prediction, incorporating a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) method, a multi-timescale nested (MTSN) interval optimization strategy, and a multi-objective

The long-term evolution of monogenetic volcanoes in cratonic areas provides a window into the deep carbon cycle processes away from tectonic plate boundaries and the deep fluid interactions of long-lived volcanoes. This study systematically studied the origin and interactions of deep fluids in the groundwater, as well as CO2 degassing of the Datong volcanic field (DTV) — a typical monogenetic volcanic

The water distribution dispute in the Huangbai River basin in China is difficult to analyze because of the nature of one decision maker’s preferences, which are very strong in some instances but completely unknown in others. To carry out this analysis, the graph model for conflict resolution (GMCR) methodology is expanded, employed to model the problem systematically, and then applied to analyze strategic

Centralized infrastructure meets urban demands through large-scale treatment and distribution but has resulted in unanticipated social, economic, and environmental costs. Decentralized technologies, including rainwater harvesting, backyard wells, and greywater, can replace centralized systems and reduce consumption of freshwater. Decentralized technologies can be deployed within hybrid water systems

Elucidating the composition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in runoff is critical to understand the migration and biogeochemical cycle of organic carbon from soil to water. Straw mulching is widely applied and significantly alters runoff and soil solutes loss dynamics on sloping lands. Nevertheless, little information is available on the direction and magnitude of the accompanying variations in runoff

The Poisson cluster rainfall generation model has been underutilized in urban hydrological simulations due to challenges in reproducing fine-scale extreme precipitation. This study addresses this issue by comprehensively validating four variants of Poisson cluster rainfall models for three types of urban hydrological simulations: surface flooding, combined sewer overflow, and blue-green infrastructure

This paper employs a game model to explain the water politics between China and India in the Brahmaputra River Basin (BRB) for the past two decades. We delve into the strategic dynamics that culminated in the 2002 signing of a data-sharing Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), tracing the evolution of China-India bilateral relations from initial amity to a status quo stance. The study utilised two methods:

Inland aquatic systems play a crucial role in the global nitrogen (N) cycle. This study focused on the Shaying River Basin, which is characterized by intensive damming, base-flow deficiencies and high N loading. Metagenomics sequencing and molecular ecological network analysis were used to conduct a comparative analysis of N cycling and its coupling effects with carbon (C) and sulfur (S) cycling in

Permeable pavement (PP) provides stormwater infiltration at source through permeable surface without occupying extra space and receives lots of attention in research and engineering applications worldwide. However, the hydrologic performance of PP under extreme and regular rainfall conditions and their differences have not been well understood, especially through field experiments. This study quantified