Landslides triggered by extreme rainfall pose a serious threat to lives and livelihoods under climate change. However, the influence of climate change on the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall and the resulting landslide hazard remains insufficiently investigated. Here we develop a novel framework to assess how future changes in extreme rainfall affect landslide occurrence, using a comprehensive

On the Tibetan Plateau, the frequency of bedrock landslides has significantly increased due to high altitude, high seismic intensity, and high topographic stress, posing severe threats to human safety and infrastructure. Landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) is an effective tool for preventing and managing landslide hazards. Although the extent of slope failure depends on landscape-scale patterns

Modern mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) are built by zooxanthellate scleractinian corals anatomically adapted (platy growth) to light harvesting at greater depths. Ecosystems of this kind date back to the Silurian (∼430 Ma) and in the Palaeozoic were built by now-extinct tabulate corals. Palaeozoic MCEs were recognized for the first time quite recently, and are still poorly known – only from isolated

The identification of reverse zoning in tungsten deposits is crucial, as it represents an atypical distribution of orebodies that may affect exploration and mining strategies. However, the exploration of such deposits remains challengeable due to uncertainties regarding the parageneses of polymetallic mineralization, the upper temperature limit of the formation of wolframite, and the evolutionary path

The timing and mechanism of the transition from continental subduction to exhumation (TSE) are important perspectives to decipher the tectonic evolution of orogenic belt. The difficulties in discriminating prograde, peak and retrograde eclogite-facies zircon in subducted continental rocks make it hard to constrain the timing of TSE. Actually, the TSE would cause the extension of the overriding plate

The consistency of air pollutant and carbon dioxide emissions in urban spaces raises a critical topic for sustainable urban development: Whether efforts to reduce air pollution (APR) can lead to a decrease in carbon emissions and enhance productivity, thereby facilitating the transition of urban industries to low-carbon development. This study amalgamates diverse datasets, including socio-economic

The late Smithian and Smithian-Spathian boundary (SSB) witnessed significant conodont extinction approximately 2.7 million years after the major Permian-Triassic boundary extinction. This study offers a detailed examination of the Smithian-Spathian transition at the Guryul Ravine section in the Srinagar district, Kashmir, focusing on conodonts and δ13Ccarb values. The section features an unprecedented

To investigate the magma-related formation mechanisms and structural evolution of sags within a passive continental margin setting/configuration, we selected the Baiyun Sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) and identified its spatiotemporal magmatic distribution during the rift stage based on high-precision 3D seismic data, drilling data, and geochemical data. Totally three stages of syn-rift magmatism

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has been found in natural water environments, but there are no studies on the presence of MPs in black-odor rivers. In this paper, the microplastics were initially identified by chemical digestion and microscopic identification, and then the abundance, characteristics and polymer types of MPs in water and sediment samples were identified by laser infrared spectroscopy

During the Late Paleozoic Icehouse (LPI) interval from the Late Devonian to the Late Permian, Earth transitioned repeatedly between icehouse to greenhouse conditions and widespread ocean anoxic conditions prevailed in the Kungurian stage of the Permian. Previous studies of Kungurian anoxia have focused on marine strata, and the driving mechanism for these dramatic environmental and climatic changes

The Plouaret-Commana-Huelgoat (PCH) vaugnerite-granite complex, emplaced at around 315 Ma on both sides of the North Armorican Shear Zone (NASZ) in the Armorican Massif (France), can be regarded as the “axial pivot” around which a large part of the history of the Armorican magmatism was revolving. Indeed, four main magmatic cycles can be distinguished in the Ordovician/Early Permian time-span over

The Vindhyan basin is one of the major Proterozoic basins in the Indian shield bounded by Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) in the south and Bundelkhand craton in the north having thick sedimentary succession. Interaction of basin with CITZ and its imprints on regional crustal structure is important to understand its evolution. In this study, a detailed interpretation of gravity and aeromagnetic

Supercritical geothermal is garnering increasing interest as an emerging geothermal resource. Its formation is closely associated with shallow magmatic intrusions, which induce intense geochemical reactions under conditions of extremely high pressure and temperature. Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the crust, whose geochemical behavior influences the porosity–permeability evolution and the heat

This study focuses on the unexplored outcrop “Berrnabbane” in the western Lützow-Holm Complex, eastern Dronning Maud Land within East Gondwana orogen. Various protolith ages are identified from the small outcrop, which can be considered as small-scale analogs of the extensive Lützow-Holm Complex. These rocks with different protolith ages are in contact with each other without obvious shear zones. The

The Igla Sn-(W-Be) deposit in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt is associated with a suite of granitic rocks, including monzogranite, granophyric granite, and porphyritic leucogranite. These rocks belong to a calcic to calc-alkalic series, characterized by low Mg# values and low Ti and P concentrations. Monzogranite and granophyric granite show features typical of fractionated volcanic-arc I-type

The Ediacaran-Cambrian transition marks a critical period in Earth’s history, characterized by significant shifts in continental configuration, biological evolution, climate, and ocean geochemistry. This study examines the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin, NW China, through a detailed analysis of carbon (δ13C), oxygen (δ18O), and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopic stratigraphy

Helium (He) is an indispensable and scarce strategic resource. We compiled 682 published He concentration and He–Ne–C–N isotopes data points for geothermal volatiles in continental China to systematically investigate distribution and enrichment mechanisms of helium in geothermal systems by linking fluid geochemistry with crustal structures, lithologies and thermal regimes. Active volcanic centres can

Traps of the Siberian platform and associated basaltic rifts in the West Siberian basin constitute one of the most voluminous continental Large Igneous Provinces (LIP). The contribution of silicic volcanic rocks to this vast province was underestimated. We present results of the first comprehensive study of silicic rocks from the Froly-Krasnoleninsky region (the central part of West Siberia). Permian-Triassic

Used to describe the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic era (1800–800 Ma), the term «Boring Billion» is, in many ways, a misnomer. The conventional focus on the significance of pO2 for life, along with the discovery of the first metazoans in the rock record around 800 million years ago (according to molecular clock estimates), and the enduring human interest in later Ediacaran macroscopic fossils, are just a few

The Mazury Alkaline Intrusions (MAI), consisting of both silica-oversaturated and undersaturated rocks, are situated at the tectonically weakened western margin of the East European Craton (EEC). SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating of nine syenitic samples, combined with zircon δ18O oxygen isotope data and mineral chemistry, provides insight into the Carboniferous magmatic-to-hydrothermal evolution of the MAI

The West Kunlun piedmont tectonic belt was formed by the collision and accretion of the West Kunlun orogenic belt and the Tarim Craton. Its sedimentary record captures the processes of basin-mountain interactions, making it an excellent region for studying the formation of orogenic belts and the evolutionary history of the Tethys Ocean. Despite extensive research on the geological evolution of the

This study addresses the increasingly prominent issues stemming from the ongoing degradation of the ecological environment, which pose significant threats to human well-being and have consequently compelled the government to heighten its focus on environmental concerns. With a particular emphasis on the government’s ecological concerns, this study investigates their role in promoting collaborative

The opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean during the Mesozoic caused voluminous outpouring of lava flows related to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP). Despite that, volcanic influence on the depositional evolution of northern Brazilian sedimentary basins is poorly-understood, as well as the interactions of volcanic and recurrent sedimentary deposits between lava flows. This region exhibits

An intriguing aspect of accretionary orogen dynamics is the crustal growth of the West Gondwana margin throughout the Terra Australis Orogeny, particularly regarding the development of the Patagonian crust and whether it involved periods of collisional or non-collisional orogenesis. This study examines the Devonian tectono-thermal evolution of the western North Patagonian Massif (southern South America)

Southeast Asia provides a well-preserved magmatism record of the Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic history of subduction and consumption of the Paleotethyan Ocean and the resultant assembly of continental fragments. Abundant Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic igneous rocks, associated with the consumption of the Eastern Paleotethyan Ocean have formed the Lincang-Sukhothai-Chanthaburi-East Malaya giant

This study examines the complex relationship between environmental degradation, energy-related uncertainty (EUI), climate policy uncertainty (CPU), and energy consumption diversification (ECD) in the United States from January 2001 to September 2022. Employing novel and robust econometric methods, including the Bootstrap ARDL Bounds test with smooth and sharp structural breaks, the Toda-Yamamoto causality

The Earth’s continental crust is predominantly composed of granitic rocks, yet the genesis of pure sediment-derived peraluminous granites (PGs) remains debated. This study investigates the Ordovician Mansehra granitic suite (ca. 476–483 Ma) from the northwestern Himalayas of Pakistan as an example of S-type granites, comparing them with global counterparts from Diancangshan-Ailaoshan (China), Tanggula-Damxung

Paleo-Pacific subduction significantly impacted the structure and nature of the mantle in Eastern China. However, the thermal structure of the supra-subduction-zone mantle during the early stage of the Paleo-Pacific subduction has not been well constrained. Here, we present an integrated study involving field investigation, petrology, and geochemistry on two types of Jurassic (168–155 Ma) mafic dyke

The origin of Late Paleozoic igneous rocks in the North Qaidam (NQ) remains controversial. This study presents comprehensive geochronological, geochemical, and isotopic data on the igneous rocks in western section of the NQ. The chronological results indicate that the Yanchangbeishan (YC) hornblende gabbro was formed at ca. 254 Ma; the Xiaosaishitengshan (XS) gabbro, biotite quartz-diorite, monzogranite

The Tibetan Plateau (TP), which has various water bodies exhibiting extreme enrichment of boron (B), lithium (Li) and other elements, is a unique and cost-effective supplier of B and Li globally. However, the sources and enrichment mechanisms of these elements remain disputed. Herein, big data on B isotopes and geochemistry were compiled to reveal cycling and enrichment of B and associated Li in the

This paper presents a synthesis of the geological features of each tectonic unit of the North Makran (SE Iran), integrating results of multidisciplinary analyses, including structural and stratigraphic studies, petrographic and geochemical analyses, thermobarometric studies, as well as biostratigraphic and geochronological dating. This wealth of data forms the basis for a novel geodynamic model of

Experiments were carried out on the interaction of mantle rocks and minerals with SiC at 6 GPa and 1100–1500 °C. Fine powders of natural peridotites and eclogites from kimberlites with the addition of 10 wt% SiC, as well as monomineralic powders and crystals of chromite, olivine, and garnet, were used as starting materials. The experiments were carried out on a 1500-ton multianvil press. In all experiments

Classifying climate-induced variations in soil moisture (SM) is vital in the face of climate change to enhance vegetation restoration and decrease rocky desertification in karst areas. In this paper, the Monotonic Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope test are used to assess the changes in SM and regional climatic variables from 1981 to 2019 across the karst region of southwest China (KRSC) using the ERA5 SM

A systematic geochemical, geochronological (U−Pb), and isotopic study (Lu−Hf and O) of zircons from the northern margin of India has been carried out to understand the pre-Himalayan crustal evolution along the area. The rocks were characterized as granitoid and yielded two significant age peaks: 1018–715 Ma and 516–476 Ma, with sparse inherited cores of Paleoproterozoic to Archean ages, defining two

The growing awareness of microplastics (MPs) in indoor residential environments stems from their pervasive presence and potential health risks. MPs were collected from living rooms and bedrooms, and their accumulation in the lungs of residents in three urban cities during summer and winter was assessed. The abundance of MPs at ≤ 2.5 μm and ≤ 10 μm was determined (Changchun: 713 ± 477 and 4239 ± 2420

Supercontinent cycle is one of the most spectacular processes that govern the assembly and dispersion of continental blocks globally and drives intensive crustal-mantle interactions. Numerous magmatic and sedimentary records documented the involvement of the Yangtze Block and the Ailaoshan Metamorphic Belt (AMB) to the southwest in the Precambrian supercontinent cycles (i.e., Columbia and Rodinia)

With population growth and rapid socio-economic development, mountainous areas are facing significant challenges in terms of their ecological environment. The ecological carrying capacity (ECC) serves as a key indicator for assessing the social, economic, and ecological sustainability of a region. Exploring the spatial and temporal changes in ECC can enhance our understanding of ecological transformations

The relative positioning of the different fragments of Gondwana prior to its amalgamation remains controversial, and geological research from the Ediacaran Salt Range Formation (SRF) in the Pakistan Himalayas, which may help to solve this issue has been limited. An integrated approach including petrography, U-Pb zircon geochronology, and Hf isotopic analyses was needed to provide information about

The Shihuiyao deposit, located in the southern Great Xing’an Range (SGXR) in China, is an important Rb–Ta–Nb polymetallic deposit hosted by Li–F-bearing granites in the eastern portion of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. However, its emplacement history and petrogenesis, and mechanisms of rare metal enrichment remain controversial. This study presents a systemic petrographic, geochronological, mineralogical

Subduction initiation, a cornerstone of plate tectonics, remains shrouded in complexity and mystery. This study reviews numerical models and natural occurrences of subduction initiation induced by mantle plumes on Earth and other terrestrial planets. We argue that mantle plumes, as non-plate tectonic agents, can initiate subduction in both ancient and contemporary settings without pre-existing lithospheric

Hydrogen, particularly in renewable forms like green hydrogen and biohydrogen, is critical for decarbonization and sustainable development. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted role of hydrogen and its versatility in industrial applications, energy storage, and transportation while addressing its potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The PRISMA methodology was

Lowstands prograding wedges (LPWs) and basin floor fans (BFF) are the hottest areas for stratigraphic-based consortiums of hydrocarbon explorations. These stratigraphic traps are developed during the extensive fall of the sea, and subsequent, very slow rise inside the Lowstands system tract (LST). Hence, they mark the paleo-shelf-break and structure closure along the deep-water depositional systems

Pelagic microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in seawater worldwide, driven by global ocean currents and atmospheric circulation. A comprehensive evaluation of MP pollution in surface water near Xisha Islands of the South China Sea was conducted using a typical Manta trawl. The results indicated that the average abundance of MPs in this region was 0.61 ± 0.87n/m3, demonstrating significant spatial heterogeneity

The Xiangzhong Metallogenic Province (XZMP) in South China is one of the most important Au–Sb–W metallogenic domains in the world. Gold and W mineralization in XZMP are commonly coupled, however, the Xingfengshan Au–W deposit is characterized by skarn W mineralization that is overprinted by sheeted quartz vein-hosted Au mineralization. Garnet U–Pb dating provides a maximum age limit for W mineralization

Wildfires are becoming more frequent and destructive and have major implications for continued climate change. They pollute the air hundreds or even thousands of kilometers from where they occur. This study uses ground-based data and satellite monitoring to examine the air quality implications of the wildfires in Canada from May 11–14, 2024. Data from NOAA-20/VIIRS and FIRMS showed that a large smoke

Tectonic inversion of continental passive margins, orogens formation and deformation transfer to build intraplate ranges are processes that shape plate boundaries, define topography, and delineate continent/ocean transitions. However, the crustal deformation mechanisms that govern these processes vary depending on the tectonic setting and on the overlap of successive tectonic phases. The central and

Since the approval of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2015, there has been a growing debate about whether the prevailing environmental rules and policies can reduce environmental degradation to achieve the SDG targets by 2030. Therefore, the present study tries to empirically examine the impact of environmental policy stringency (EPS) on CO2 emissions by incorporating the role of natural resources

The heat released from the Earth’s interior to the surface has a significant impact on the future of our planet. Owing to the secular cooling of Earth, surface heat flux has gradually decreased throughout Earth’s history. The average surface heat flux would be subject to fluctuations in accordance with the supercontinent cycle on the order of 100 million years because the average age of the oceanic

This study revisits the long-standing controversy in selecting Jurassic paleomagnetic data to define the North American (NA) craton APWP. Data from igneous rocks in the eastern part of NA and select global data rotated into NA coordinates define a high-latitude path. In contrast, the data from mostly sedimentary rocks in the NA Southwest interior (southwestern group) describe a lower-latitude path

Coastal sediments serve as an important sink for phosphorus from terrestrial sources, yet the impact of coastal industrialization and urbanization on marine phosphorus cycling remains poorly understood. This study employs the Dual-Mode Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) technique to investigate the interplay between dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), dissolved sulfide (S2−), and iron (Fe2+)

The Jinsha River Basin, situated in the arid and warm upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China, presents distinctive challenges for investigating dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to its regional geography and climate. This study explored the spatial distribution and cycling of DIC during the wet season at four cascade power stations: Wudongde (WDD), Baihetan (BHT), Xiluodu (XLD), and Xiangjiaba

The transition towards a sustainable energy system is critical in mitigating climate change and reducing the environmental impact of energy production and consumption. Technological innovation is pivotal in enabling this transition, offering solutions that can enhance energy efficiency, harness renewable sources, and minimize emissions. This study employed a dataset of 29 countries from 1995 to 2022

Spatiotemporal variations in magmatic compositions reflect changes in magma sources and their formation conditions, offering insights into geodynamic processes. This study presents new zircon U–Pb and geochemical data for early–mid Paleozoic granitoids in northern Beishan, located within the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Late Ordovician (451 Ma) granodiorites are I-type and formed through water-fluxed

Coupled detrital zircon U-Pb, Hf isotopic data from the Paleoproterozoic Belcher Group, Nunavut, Canada, are presented to determine maximum depositional ages and sedimentary provenance. We use these data to evaluate potential sediment sources with matching ages and εHf values within a paleogeographic context, to better define the configuration of microcontinents, terranes, and cratons surrounding the

Marine redox variations are widely accepted as an environmental driver for the Cambrian explosion, yet relative changes in shallow marine dissolved oxygen levels during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition have long remained unconstrained. Here we present compiled nitrogen and organic carbon isotope data from shallow-water deposits in four sections, including new record from the Meishucun and Zhujiaqing

Increasingly it is recognised that the breakup of East Gondwana and formation of the Indian Ocean has led to the creation of many microcontinents, including Elan Bank, Gulden Draak Rise, and Batavia Rise. Whether the central and southern sections of the Kerguelen Plateau contain additional Gondwanan microcontinents remains controversial. Continental crust residing in these regions is mainly inferred

Given the European Union’s initiatives to embrace cutting-edge technologies and transition to greener energy sources, it is imperative to assess the influence of climate technology and renewable energy utilization on the environmental sustainability of its member states. This study contributes to the existing body of literature by undertaking a novel assessment of the implications of climate technology

The current era calls for an urgent need for environmental protection, and adaptation technologies stand as forerunners of innovations, putting transformative solutions to cope with the issues relating to the environment. Moreover, the imperative to adapt to frequently changing climate is at the heart of sustainable development goals. Understanding the dire need for adaptation technologies as an essential

Despite their great potential, low-carbon energies can be used in limited amounts. Energy R&D expenditures can ensure that low-carbon energies are used at a rate close to their potential by increasing energy efficiency and reducing losses during the production and consumption phases. The positive environmental impacts of low-carbon energy and energy R&D expenditures can be accelerated by political