Across the natural sciences, humans are typically conceptualized as external disruptors of nature rather than adaptable components of it. Historical evidence, however, challenges this dominant schema. Here, we describe the broad repertoire of ecological functions performed by people in place-based societies across the Pacific Ocean over millennia, illustrating their roles as ecosystem engineers, dispersers, bioturbators, nutrient cyclers, predators, and herbivores. By considering the reciprocal relationships between people and the ecosystems within which they are embedded, evidence of humanity's ability to experiment, learn, adapt, innovate, and sustain diverse and resilient social–ecological relationships emerges. Therefore, recognizing people as inseparable components of marine ecosystems and their millennia of engagement with coastal ocean spaces is critical to both understanding marine ecosystems and devising resilient and equitable ocean policies.

中文翻译：

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将人纳入我们的自然模型和科学模式中获得的见解


在整个自然科学中，人类通常被概念化为自然界的外部破坏者，而不是自然界的适应性组成部分。然而，历史证据对这种主导模式提出了挑战。在这里，我们描述了几千年来太平洋上以地方为基础的社会中人们所执行的广泛生态功能，说明了他们作为生态系统工程师、分散者、生物扰动者、营养循环者、捕食者和食草动物的作用。通过考虑人与他们所处的生态系统之间的互惠关系，出现了人类实验、学习、适应、创新和维持多样化和有弹性的社会生态关系的能力的证据。因此，认识到人类是海洋生态系统不可分割的组成部分，以及他们数千年来与沿海海洋空间的互动，对于了解海洋生态系统和制定有韧性和公平的海洋政策至关重要。