As climate change drives health declines of tropical reef species, diseases are further eroding ecosystem function and habitat resilience. Coral disease impacts many areas around the world, removing some foundation species to recorded low levels and thwarting worldwide efforts to restore reefs. What we know about coral disease processes remains insufficient to overcome many current challenges in reef conservation, yet cumulative research and management practices are revealing new disease agents (including bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotes), genetic host disease resistance factors, and innovative methods to prevent and mitigate epizootic events (probiotics, antibiotics, and disease resistance breeding programs). The recent outbreak of stony coral tissue loss disease across the Caribbean has reenergized and mobilized the research community to think bigger and do more. This review therefore focuses largely on novel emerging insights into the causes and mechanisms of coral disease and their applications to coral restoration and conservation.

中文翻译：

---

珊瑚病：直接和间接因素、疾病机制以及提高抵抗力和复原力的创新


随着气候变化导致热带珊瑚礁物种的健康状况下降，疾病进一步侵蚀了生态系统功能和栖息地的恢复力。珊瑚病影响了世界各地的许多地区，使一些基础物种恢复到创纪录的低水平，并阻碍了全球恢复珊瑚礁的努力。我们对珊瑚病害过程的了解仍然不足以克服当前珊瑚礁保护中的许多挑战，但累积的研究和管理实践正在揭示新的病原（包括细菌、病毒和真核生物）、遗传宿主病抗性因子以及预防和减轻流行病事件的创新方法（益生菌、抗生素和抗病性繁殖计划）。最近在加勒比地区爆发的石珊瑚组织损失病重新激发并动员了研究界，让他们想得更远，做得更多。因此，本综述主要集中在对珊瑚疾病的原因和机制及其在珊瑚恢复和保护中的应用的新见解。