The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre is a dominant feature of the Arctic system, a prominent indicator of climate change, and possibly a control factor for high-latitude climate. The state of knowledge of the wind-driven Beaufort Gyre is reviewed here, including its forcing, relationship to sea-ice cover, source waters, circulation, and energetics. Recent decades have seen pronounced change in all elements of the Beaufort Gyre system. Sea-ice losses have accompanied an intensification of the gyre circulation and increasing heat and freshwater content. Present understanding of these changes is evaluated, and time series of heat and freshwater content are updated to include the most recent observations.

中文翻译：

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北冰洋的蒲福环流


北冰洋的蒲福环流是北极系统的一个主要特征，是气候变化的重要指标，也可能是高纬度气候的控制因素。本文综述了风驱动的博福特环流的知识状态，包括其强迫、与海冰覆盖的关系、源水、环流和能量学。近几十年来，博福特环流系统的所有要素都发生了明显的变化。海冰的消失伴随着环流环流的加剧以及热量和淡水含量的增加。评估了目前对这些变化的理解，并更新了热量和淡水含量的时间序列以包括最近的观测结果。