The Beaufort Gyre is the largest freshwater reservoir in the Arctic Ocean. Long-term changes in freshwater reservoirs are critical for understanding the Arctic Ocean, and data from various sources, particularly observation or reanalysis data, must be used to the greatest extent possible. Over the past two decades, a large number of intensive field observations and ship surveys have been conducted in

IntroductionIn the Southern Ocean, myctophids are the most successful pelagic fish group in terms of diversity, biomass, and abundance. They play a crucial role in linking primary consumers and coupling carbon flux between surface and mesopelagic depths. Understanding their trophodynamics is key to assessing pelagic ecosystem resilience under environmental change. Conventional stomach content analyses

Coastal infrastructure projects, particularly the modification of coastal river channels, are becoming increasingly significant to economic activities worldwide as a response to climate-driven changes and urbanization. The benefits of channel modification projects can be realized quickly, but the altered movement of sediments in the river channel can lead to unintended geomorphic changes years or decades

Understanding how sea turtle species move through the environment and respond to environmental features is fundamental for sustainable ecosystem management and effective conservation. This study investigates the habitat suitability of the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) in the Adriatic and Northern Ionian Seas (Central-Eastern Mediterranean) by developing and validating a multidisciplinary

As intelligent ship technology advances, the importance of intelligent anchor position detection, as one of the key technologies, can ensure the safe anchoring of ships and enhance the efficiency of port operation. At present, most of the anchor position selection and detection algorithms are mainly based on two-dimensional planes, and there is a lack of research on the intelligent detection of safe

Phosphorus is a key indicator for water quality management due to its role in eutrophication. The variety of phosphorus-containing substances necessitates highly sensitive detection of total phosphorus, particularly through automated methods, to ensure water safety. This study involved the independent development of a sensor featuring an automated in situ detection technique. Utilizing potassium persulfate

Within the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), measurements of ocean pH are limited across space and time. This has hindered our ability to robustly monitor and study regional carbon dynamics, inclusive of ocean acidification, over this biogeochemically variable sea. The 2021 launch of Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) ocean profiling floats that carry five sensors represented the entry of this particular ocean observing

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are rimmed by discontinuous fringing reef that is in general wider on western margin vs the eastern margin. This study characterizes the facies updip from the modern fringing reefs to the present shoreline of south Andaman and Swaraj Dweep, and describes in detail the coral terraces/carpets within and above the inter-tidal zone representing the Holocene Fringing reef

Identifying novel natural sources from the marine environment with unique immunomodulatory and antioxidant efficacies is of interest in intensive fish farming. In this sense, marine sponge extract derived from Smenospongia (SS-extract) was tested for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities during the concurrent infection with Trichodina sp. and Flavobacterium columnare

SIFamide is an amidated neuropeptide with a conserved Ser-Ile-Phe structure at its C-terminal, which is crucial in insect courtship, sleep and feeding in insects. However, little information exists regarding its function in crustaceans. This study aimed to identify the cDNA of Sp-SIFa and its two putative receptors (Sp-SIFaR1 and Sp-SIFaR2) in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. The expression profiles

Marine ecosystems play a vital role in development, human life, and health, thereby promoting sustainable development. However, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, as well as intense exploitation of marine resources, among other phenomena, both Pakistani and Chinese marine ecosystems face severe challenges such as pollution, overfishing, and habitat destruction. In particular, the Pakistan-China

Predicting the ocean state in a reliable and interoperable way, while ensuring high-quality products, requires forecasting systems that synergistically combine science-based methodologies with advanced technologies for timely, user-oriented solutions. Achieving this objective necessitates the adoption of best practices when implementing ocean forecasting services, resulting in the proper design of

In the Arabian Gulf, baroclinic tides significantly impact physical and biological phenomena, shaping the region’s marine ecosystem. This study provides the first high-resolution investigation of the baroclinic tides using the three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic MIT general circulation model (MITgcm). The simulation outputs were validated against data from Oregon State University’s Tidal Inversion Software

Increasing interest in the deployment of optical oxygen sensors, or optodes, on oceanographic moorings reflects the value of dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements in studies of physical and biogeochemical processes. Optodes are well-suited for moored applications but require careful, multi-step calibrations in the field to ensure data accuracy. Without a standardized set of protocols, this can be an obstacle

Seaweeds are a natural marine resource containing many bioactive compounds such as amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, phytohormones, and antimicrobial compounds. Since ancient times, seaweeds have been used in various sectors, including medicine, food, and the cosmetic industry. Currently, seaweeds are a promising alternative to reduce the application of harmful chemicals in agriculture

IntroductionSeagrass sediments are important ‘blue carbon’ reservoirs which store climatically significant quantities of organic carbon (Corg) at the global scale. Seagrass meadows that overly these sediments also provide a range of critical ecosystem services including shoreline stabilization, storm surge protection, and fisheries nursery grounds. However, the controls over accumulation and the sources

Thermodynamic process between the ice and the ocean plays a critical role in the evolution of sea-ice growth and melting in marginal seas. At the ice-ocean interface, the oceanic heat flux and the conductive heat flux transmitted through the ice layer jointly determine the latent heat flux driving the phase change (i.e., ice freezing/melting). In this study, the determination of two important thermal

IntroductionAlcanivorax, a typical alkane-degrading bacterium, has demonstrated the ability to utilize inorganic electron donor in some reports. However, a comprehensive analysis of its potentiality to utilize inorganic electron donor is still lacking.MethodsIn this study, genomic and phylogenetic analyzes were used to explore the potential oxidative capacity of inorganic compounds in Alcanivorax.

IntroductionThe impact of ocean acidification (OA) and nanoplastics (NPs) on harmful algal blooms (HAB) has emerged as a major global concern. However, the combined effects of OA and NPs on the HAB species are poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense, a typical HAB species, was exposed to varying concentrations of NPs (108.15 ± 8.52 nm) (0, 5, 10, and 15 mg L−1)

Predicting wave-induced liquefaction around submarine pipelines is crucial for marine engineering safety. However, the complex of interactions between ocean dynamics and seabed sediments makes rapid and accurate assessments challenging with traditional numerical methods. Although machine learning approaches are increasingly applied to wave-induced liquefaction problems, the comparative accuracy of

A published analysis of ocean acidification thresholds for decapod crustaceans highlights data showing the negative effects of low pH on many species. However, the methods used in the paper have substantial flaws that call into question the proposed thresholds. The quantitative metrics calculated for the meta-analysis are uninformative with respect to pH sensitivity, which raises concerns about the

IntroductionNanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained widespread application across various fields. However, the large-scale production and application of AgNPs have raised concerns about their distribution in the environment and potential pollution issues.MethodsThis study investigates the toxic effects of AgNPs on the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum by employing electron microscopy

To understand the pollution characteristics and potential sources of heavy metal(loid)s in the nearshore sediments of Qionghai, 93 surface sediment samples were collected from the region. The concentrations of 20 elements, including Fe, Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, Ba, Cr, Sr, Ni, Cu, Zr, As, Hg, Se, Be, Co, Mo, Cd, Ga, and Pb, were measured. The extent of contamination and ecological risk posed by these heavy

Aerial images are increasingly adopted and widely used in various research areas. In marine mammal studies, these imagery surveys serve multiple purposes: determining population size, mapping migration routes, and gaining behavioral insights. A single aerial scan using a drone yields a wealth of data, but processing it requires significant human effort. Our research demonstrates that deep learning

Killer whales occur in the Gulf of Mexico (GoMex) and the North Atlantic, including off the southeastern United States (SEUS). Data from cetacean surveys during 1990 – 2021 and other sources were combined to assess killer whale biology, including spatial and temporal distribution, social structure, genetics, morphology, acoustics, and predatory behavior. GoMex records occurred predominantly in oceanic

IntroductionSuspended particulate matter (SPM) is a critical indicator of water quality and has a significant impact on the nearshore ecological environment. Consequently, the quantitative evaluation of SPM concentrations is essential for managing nearshore environments and planning marine resources.MethodsThis study utilized Sentinel-2’s single band and water index variables to develop a remote sensing

The reproductive state of wild, free-swimming tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier), was assessed using underwater ultrasonography at a diving site in Fuvahmulah, a Maldivian atoll within the central Indian Ocean. The presence of embryos were observed in 93% of the adult sharks (26/28) and two distinct embryonic size groups were observed within the subset of scanned adult females. The results suggest that

The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union will likely result in reduced fishing grounds for the Belgian fishing fleet. This fleet now targets demersal fish, but there used to be a tradition of catching Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). After the stock collapse of Atlantic herring in the 1970s, fishing on herring by the Belgian fleet did not recover and herring quotas are now exchanged

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) causes severe mortality in many hard corals and is now present in most of the Caribbean. The application of amoxicillin paste is currently the most successful local intervention to treat SCTLD lesions in nature, but the potential development of antibiotic resistance makes alternatives valuable. In a preliminary field trial (n = 84 corals), we compared two treatments

Achieving carbon peak and neutral as scheduled requires joint efforts to reduce emissions and increase sinks. But in the long term, mitigating climate change requires the latter to play a greater role, in which achieving economic and environmental benefits through ocean carbon sink trading is an indispensable and important measure. Around the ocean carbon sink trading, this paper constructs an ‘Ec

Competing uses for nearshore coastal space, such as aquaculture, have complex environmental and ecological interactions with surrounding seagrass meadows. Oyster aquaculture is among the fastest-growing aquaculture segments in the United States, and it brings concerns such as increased sedimentation from farm maintenance operations and altered water quality through oyster filtration. Changes in seagrass

Diabetes mellitus (DM), a major global health concern, is a chronic metabolic disorder. Bioactive compounds sourced from numerous marine natural products recently have drawn attention as novel therapeutic approaches. Considering these chemicals and their role in cellular redox modulation by involving the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway, the current

Ocean and sea ice reanalyses (ORAs or ocean syntheses) are reconstructions of the ocean and sea ice states using an ocean model integration constrained by atmospheric surface forcing and ocean observations via a data assimilation method. Ocean reanalyses are a valuable tool for monitoring and understanding long-term ocean variability at depth, mainly because this part of the ocean is still largely

Reduced sulfur species (RSS) are involved in essential biological and chemical processes, including metal complexation, yet little is known about their occurrence and behaviour in marine systems. Here, we present a quantitative and qualitative data set of species-specific RSS in open ocean samples collected during the GEOTRACES Tonga GPpr14 cruise. The cruise traversed differing biogeochemical provinces

This study evaluates the potential of applying echo state networks (ESN) and autoregression (AR) for dynamic time series prediction of free surface elevation for use in wave energy converters (WECs). The performance of these models is evaluated on time series data at different water depths and wave conditions, including both measured and simulated data with a focus on real-time prediction of ocean

As apex predators, cetaceans play an essential ecological role in marine ecosystems. Fluctuations in the abundance of these top predators linked to human activities can have detrimental consequences for the entire ecosystem. Cetaceans face numerous anthropogenic threats that can have both short and long-term effects. To ensure their conservation, it is necessary to identify changes in seasonal distributions

The West Kallaallit Nunaat (Greenland) coast, characterized by a variety of fjords, bays, and channels influenced by glacier melting and Atlantic and Arctic waters, is one of the most affected ecosystems by climate change. Here, we combine oceanography, optics, microscopy, high throughput sequencing, microalgal strain establishments, and state-of-the-art analytical methods to fully characterize the

Phytobiotics are promising diet alternatives, yet their effectiveness in high-risk aquaculture conditions remains underexplored. Therefore, a 90-day feeding trial was conducted based on dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with herbal extracts, namely, lemon balm [Melissa officinalis (MOE)], marjoram [Origanum majorana (OME)], and chamomile [Matricaria chamomilla (MCE)] with

The shipping industry is featured by high carbon emissions. The 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships sets forth the global goals of shipping decarbonization. Shipping decarbonization involves complicated issues of economy, technology, policy and law etc., and implies the conflicts between economic interests and environmental interests, between individual interests and public interests

The Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission significantly improves on the capabilities of current nadir altimeters by enabling two-dimensional mapping. Assimilating this advanced data into high-resolution models poses challenges. To address this, Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) were conducted to evaluate the effects of both simulated and actual SWOT data on the Regional Ice Ocean

Vibrio disease is a prevalent bacterial infection in aquaculture, and using bacteria with antagonistic properties against Vibrio species as probiotics has emerged as a promising method for disease prevention. Additionally, low biomass productivity of microalgae feed remains a significant bottleneck in bivalve aquaculture. Therefore, it is essential to screen for bacteria that both enhance microalgae

Sediments containing more than 10% clay particles by mass can exhibit cohesive properties. Cohesive sediments are commonly found in coastal areas worldwide, including the southern shore of the Caspian Sea and the northern/northwestern beaches of the Persian Gulf. These cohesive sediments can form a layer of soft to extremely soft mud, known as fluid mud, covering the seabed. The study examined the

Stricter controls on destructive human activities in recent years have improved the protection and management of sandy coasts in China. Marine-driven geomorphic changes have become the predominant process influencing future beach evolution. However, in the complex geomorphic conditions of mixed artificial and natural coastlines, the mechanisms and contributions of various marine-driven factors to beach

The present study focused on investigating the population structure and breeding biology of a species of Porcellanid crab, Petrolisthes boscii (Audouin, 1826). Evaluating the population ecology of the species is essential considering its crucial role in ecological functions including the nutrition cycle and its potential vulnerability to environmental stressors. The samples were collected over a period

To address human errors in collision avoidance tasks of remotely controlled ships, this study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for human error analysis within the context of autonomous ships. Firstly, the Hierarchical Task Analysis method is utilized to identify crew collision avoidance tasks associated with the traditional ship, and these tasks are then dissected into different operational

Hadal trenches (> 6,000 m water depth) have been revealed as hotspots of organic carbon deposition and mineralization. Here, we present the molecular compositions of porewater dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the “Challenger” Deep (Site MT02; 10,954 m water depth) sediments of the Mariana Trench and the adjacent abyssal plain sediments (Site MT04; 5,800 m water depth) using ultra high-resolution Fourier

Management policies are crucial for safeguarding sustained and stable marine biodiversity amidst ongoing pressures such as land use change, pollution, resource overexploitation, invasive alien species and climate change. China established a nature’s contributions to people value realization policy (NCPVR) in 2021, aiming to encourage stakeholders to prioritize environmentally beneficial production

The purpose of the article is to fill the research gap in identifying and prioritizing the factors that determine the choice of a port for handling circular supply chains (CSC). To this end, Polish seaports handling CSC cargo with an average turnover of at least 100,000 tons in the last 10 years were analyzed. The authors analyzed CSC cargo occurring in seaports, in two stages, both in terms of quantity

Coastal estuaries and adjacent continental shelf seas constitute vital global carbon reservoirs, and the sources and transformations of organic carbon in these regions are crucial to global biogeochemical cycles and climate change. This study investigated the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), black carbon (BC), and their stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ15NTN, δ13CTOC, δ13CBC) in

Most studies on the genesis of polymetallic nodules suggested that nodules in the South China Sea (SCS) are hydrogenetic; however, the complexity and the heterogeneity in hydrology and geochemistry of the SCS might cause different processes of nodule formation, impacting their application and economic value. Microbial-mediated ferromanganese deposition is an important process in nodule formation, but

Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation, the energetically expensive conversion of N2 gas to ammonia, plays an essential role in balancing the nitrogen budget in the ocean. Accumulating studies show detectable N2 fixation rates below the euphotic zone in various marine systems, revealing new insights of marine N2 fixation. However, the reported rates are highly variable and frequently fall close to detection

Marine fisheries are a critical component of the marine economy. Examining the changes in the economic resilience of marine fisheries allows for identifying potential development risks and supports informed decision-making to optimize growth patterns and mitigate risks. This study applied the CRITIC-based combined weights model to calculate China’s Marine Fisheries Economic Resilience (MFER). It investigated

Scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini) routinely perform rapid dives to forage on mesopelagic prey. These deep dives consist of intensive swimming followed by recovery periods in the surface mixed layer. Swimming muscle temperature profiles suggest that S. lewini suppresses gill function as a means to reduce convective heat loss during dives into cool water. Such intensive swimming behavior coupled

The aim of this study was to decouple and quantify the influence of various biological and physical processes on the structure and variability of the marine carbonate system in the surface waters of the eastern part of the Fram Strait area. This productive region is characterized by its complex hydrographic and sea ice dynamics, providing an ideal set up to study their influence on the variability

Fish segmentation in underwater videos can be used to accurately determine the silhouette size of fish objects, which provides key information for fish population monitoring and fishery resources survey. Some researchers have utilized underwater optical flow to improve the fish segmentation accuracy of underwater videos. However, the underwater optical flow is not evaluated and screen in existing works

In anaerobic high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) sedimentary environments below the seafloor, fungi are found to dominate the eukaryotic communities, playing crucial ecological roles. However, the specific mechanisms by which fungi adapt to anaerobic HHP environments remain unclear. In this study, we investigated Schizophyllum commune 20R-7-F01 isolated from coal-bearing sediments at a depth of 2 km below

The Arctic is seasonally exposed to long periods of low temperatures and complete darkness. Consequently, perennial primary producers have to apply strategies to maximize energy efficiency. Global warming is occurring in the Arctic faster than the rest of the globe. The highest amplitude of temperature rise occurs during Polar Night. To determine the stress resistance of the ecosystem-engineering kelp

IntroductionThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of substituting fish meal with pork meal in feed on the growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal morphology, and immune function of Penaeus monodon.MethodsA total of 600 uniformly sized juvenile shrimp with an initial weight of 1.20 ± 0.03 g were randomly assigned to four groups, with each group consisting of six replicates of 25 shrimp

Freshwater inputs originating from terrestrial streams and gullies that discharge into quiescent, semi-enclosed coastal regions (such as estuaries, tidal inlets or lagoons), typically provide point sources of nutrients (e.g. nitrates, phosphates) and/or contaminants (e.g. pesticides, pathogens) that may have a deleterious impact on water quality. Many of these sheltered coastal regions also increasingly

A novel approach using lag weighted-average least squares (Lag-WALS) is proposed to forecast the interannual sea level anomaly (SLA) in the South China Sea (SCS) using lagged equatorial Pacific El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related quantities. Through empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and wavelet coherence method, we first investigated the relationships between sea surface temperature (SST)