Late-rotation fertilization of Norway spruce stands is a frequently used management tool in Fennoscandia to increase timber yields. Meanwhile, the growing demand for renewable resources has sparked great interest in earlier and repeated fertilizer application but it remains unclear how this affects carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in the understory, especially forest floor respiration (Rff). This study

This study focused on the production of 18-year global root zone soil moisture (RZSM) by the joint land surface data assimilation using the satellite observed leaf area index (LAI) and surface soil moisture (SSM). The impact of the assimilation on RZSM, LAI, and other key surface variables was also assessed. The multilayer diffusion scheme, biomass and CO2 interactive scheme, and the simplified extended

Canada has a quarter of the world's peatlands accounting for an estimated 150 Gt of stored carbon. While over 98% of Canadian peatlands are intact, agriculture has been estimated as accounting for the greatest peatland disturbance by area. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from peatland agriculture can contribute a large proportion of national anthropogenic emissions for some countries. In Canada, estimates

The cover image is based on the article Corporations and climate change: An overview by Christopher Wright and Daniel Nyberg https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.919.image

Tree growth in forests is affected independently or jointly by drought dimensions, namely severity, timing, and duration, making the accurate modeling predictions a formidable challenge, and it still remains uncertain how trees respond to multiple dimensions of drought. Here, we quantified the dynamic response of tree growth (evaluated by resistance and resilience) to different dimensions of droughts

Apple is one of the globally significant perennial fruits, with high consumption driven by the demand for nutritional food diversity and population growth. There is a lack of understanding with respect to the potential consequences of climate change, particularly the impact of spring frost – a frequent agrometeorological disaster on apple yield. Here we used a process-based apple model driven by five

Aboveground biomass (AGB) is a key parameter for assessing the carbon sequestration potential of urban ecosystems. However, traditional empirical models for AGB estimation often have poor transferability in urban environments, leading to overestimation or underestimation and limiting the ability to create continuous spatial maps of AGB. Recently, the relatively stable allometric relationships between

Wetlands provide a huge carbon (C) sink and represent strategic areas for regulating climate change. However, extensive wetlands have been lost since 1700, primarily for conversion to cropland. Currently, few studies have comprehensively evaluated changes in C budgets and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions following wetland conversion to cropland. Here, we measured annual carbon dioxide (CO2), methane

Land use land cover (LULC) change is a key contributor to land surface temperature (LST) and, consequently, the urban heat island effect. Investigating changes in urban morphology through LULC change and its impact on LST is crucial for urban planning and thermal comfort. In this work, we analyze the time-series evolution of both LST and LULC as well as their relationship in the city of Maceió, the

Extreme weather events are recognized as major drivers of crop yield losses, which threaten food security and farmers’ incomes. Given the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather under climate change, it is crucial to quantify the related future yield damages of important crops to inform prospective climate change adaptation planning. In this study, we present a statistical modeling approach

In this study, we investigated the intracity variation of humid heat in consideration of the contributions from temperature and humidity. Data were collected from mobile surveys in a mid-latitude industrial city. We found greater humid heat in built-up neighborhoods than in rural neighborhoods. Land surface temperature exaggerates the disparity in heat exposure as opposed to air temperature, although

This study examines the water-induced cooling capability of 12 waterbodies in Bengaluru City, India, using Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS data. The study categorized and investigated the cooling impact of urban landscapes using Local Climatic Zone (LCZ) classification. The results indicate that dense urban built-up areas and impervious surfaces lead to higher Land Surface Temperature (LST). Large-sized waterbodies

The Taklimakan desert, situated in western China and known for its scarcity of precipitation, experienced an unprecedented precipitation event on 13-14th May 2021. However, the moisture sources and the reason for such extreme precipitation in the heart of the desert remain unexplored. Here, leveraging rain gauge observations from Tazhong Station, situated in the heartland of the Taklimakan Desert,

Climate change is causing sea levels to rise, posing an unprecedented threat to coastal communities and infrastructure from coastal flooding and other hazards. The impact of sea-level rise on coastal shallow groundwater and subsequent impacts on infrastructure assets is a challenge that is not well understood. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with infrastructure engineers, asset managers and

Over the years, thousands of climate change adaptation projects have been implemented globally. While there has been substantial scholarship on the extent and nature of adaptation efforts, fewer studies have examined why and how adaptation projects are being resisted. An analysis of resistance to adaptation offers critical insights to scholars and practitioners by recognizing the contentious nature

This study explores the impact of assimilating diverse observational data on forecasting extreme rainfall events (EREs) using a three dimensional variational (3D-Var) assimilation approach. It focuses on 38 EREs across three meteorological divisions in Karnataka, India, using a high-resolution (03-km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with three nested domains. Five distinct experiments

Little is known regarding the association between hourly exposure to ambient temperature and temperature change between neighboring days (TCN) with the risk of emergency department (ED) visits for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study among 1.03 million ED visits for CVD between 2016 and 2021 in Zhejiang Province, China. Our analysis reported a reversed J-shaped

Peatland restoration is an important mitigation action in the fight against climate change. Researchers encourage farmers to rewet deep-drained lands on organic soil to a shallow water table depth (WTD) to reduce carbon emissions. Raising WTD under grasslands will likely affect local air temperature (TA) and increase relative humidity (RH), with uncertain consequences during heat waves on cattle welfare

Secondary ice production (SIP) is a crucial phenomenon for explaining the formation of ice crystal clouds, especially when addressing the discrepancies between observed ice crystal number concentrations and ice nucleating particles (INPs). In this study, we investigate parameterizations of three SIP processes (Hallett-Mossop, fragmentation of freezing drops, and fragmentation due to ice–ice collision)

Drought to flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) events, as a special category of compound extreme events that suddenly shift from drought to flood conditions, have significantly greater impacts than individual drought or flood events. In this paper, we have utilized a multifactorial drought index and flood index to identify daily DFAA events occurring in mainland China and in major impact areas during the

This study employs the ERA5 and JRA-55 monthly reanalysis datasets to examine the monthly impact of the Scandinavian (SCA) teleconnection pattern on the surface air temperature (SAT) over Asia in boreal winters from 1958 to 2021. We demonstrate that the monthly impacts of the SCA vary by month and region. Notably, the accumulated SAT anomalies over the region to the north of Tibetan Plateau (NP) due

This study investigates changes in urban heat island (UHI) intensity with background temperature and humidity and their associations with physical processes. For this, we conducted idealized ensemble simulations with different initial potential temperature and water vapor mixing ratio profiles using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The daytime and nighttime UHI intensities increase

High-quality climate information tailored to cities' needs assists decision makers to prepare for and adapt to climate change impacts, as well as to support the targeted transition towards climate resilient cities. During the last decades, two main modelling approaches emerged to understand and analyse the urban climate and to generate information. Firstly, meso- and microscale urban climate models

Global warming has heightened the focus on carbon emissions. The IPCC 2023 Special Report: Climate Change and Land highlights the emerging field of land use-based carbon emissions characterization and prediction. This comprehensive review compares the advantages of Land Use and Land Cover Change in carbon emissions characterization and prediction against traditional methods. Using bibliometrics, the

Characterizing the interaction between meteorological variables such as humidity, wind speed, cloud cover, and precipitation with the atmospheric electric field is vital for improving the nowcast of extreme weather events such as heavy precipitation. With this aim, we provide minute-scale electric field observations in southern Israel. These were taken during low-pressure weather systems in winter

Vertical distributions of chemical components of particulate matter (PM) are essential for better understanding the climate, environmental and health effects. The steep slope from western SiChuan Basin (SCB) to eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) provides a good platform for obtaining the gradient variations of PM chemical components. Daytime and nighttime PM1 (particulate matter smaller than 1 μm) samples

We comprehensively examine methodologies tailored for subnational crop yield and production forecasting by integrating Earth Observation (EO) datasets and advanced machine learning approaches. We scrutinized diverse input data types, cross-validation methods, and training durations, focusing on maize production and yield predictions in Burkina Faso and Somalia. Central to our analysis is the comparative

Sierra de las Nieves is the southernmost National Park in continental Spain and, in a global warming scenario, it is important to determine the impacts of climatic variations on the vegetation, with special relevance to their reproductive cycles. The flowering seasonality and intensity of the dominant anemophilous species usually reflect the response of the vegetation to climate variations, which can

Winter temperatures in the North America (NA) exhibit evident intraseasonal variation, which has become more pronounced under global climate change. In particular, the wintertime relationship between NA temperatures and long-lasting positive sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Northeast Pacific (NEP), known as warm blobs, has been hotly debated in recent years. However, their relationship

The frequency and duration of heatwaves are rapidly increasing worldwide under the background of global warming. This trend is also observed in the mid–lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley (MLYRV), raising great public concern due to its significant impacts. This study identifies a wave train involving the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Ural blocking (UB), and an anticyclone

Recently, extreme precipitation has occurred frequently in the Tarim Basin, which has a fragile ecological environment, arousing widespread concern. Using daily precipitation observations from 42 stations in the Tarim Basin during the spring of 1980–2021 and monthly circulation reanalysis data from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v5, as well as statistical analyses

Accurate precipitation estimates are quintessential for hydrologic modeling and climate studies. Different gridded precipitation products are available in any region, and selecting the best one is essential for hydroclimatic modeling and analysis. In the current study, observation- (APHRODITE), reanalysis- (IMDAA, ERA5-Land, PGF), satellite-based (IMERG, CHIRPS, PERSIANN-CDR), and hybrid (MSWEP) gridded

The urban effects on the planetary boundary layer (PBL) wind structures of landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) have rarely been explored. In this study, numerical simulations for Typhoon Lekima (2019), with and without multilayer building effect parameterization (BEP) and urban land cover, were executed to investigate the urban effects on TC PBL wind structures. Validations against observations demonstrate

In light of increasing climate hazards globally that pose risk to public health, the compounded effects of two major hazards, heatwaves and air pollution, have become a focal point for environmental and health research. This study explores the intricate relationship between extreme temperature events in North China (NC) and South China (SC) – two prominent areas of aerosol exposure in East Asia – and

This study analyzes the interplay between tropical cyclones (TCs) and drought in Taiwan over the period from 1981 to 2022, leveraging data from CHIRPS, FLDAS, IBTrACS, and Sentinel and Landsat satellite imagery. Our findings reveal a significant decline in TC-induced rainfall over the last decade, with a turning point in 2017. We establish a low to moderate positive correlation between TC-induced rainfall

This study investigates the influence of early spring (March–April) soil moisture (SM) over the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) on the interannual variation of South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset, using observational analyses and numerical experiments. It is found that when early spring SM over the GMS is wetter, westerly anomalies dominate the South China Sea, corresponding to an early onset

Australia and Tuvalu recently signed a unique treaty called the Australia‐Tuvalu Falepili Union Treaty, on climate change adaptation, migration, and security. Here we analyze the treaty's migration provision which will enable citizens of Tuvalu to live and work in Australia. We ground our analysis in the state of knowledge about climate change and migration in Tuvalu, explaining the Falepili Union

The Mongolian Plateau hosts one of the world's most fragile ecosystems, characterized by high volatility and frequent natural disasters due to rapid climate change and human activities in recent decades. Frequent dust storms notably mark spring in this region. Through observational analysis and numerical modeling, this study investigates the impacts of comprehensive ocean and land processes—including

The unique terrain and complex atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) processes result in a distinctive spatiotemporal distribution of dust in the Tarim Basin; however, this distribution remains unclear under continuous clear-sky conditions. In this study, 382 cases were selected to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of dust and its potential mechanisms based on MERRA-2 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets

The sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Indian Ocean(IO) has experienced rapid warming over the past 40 years. The reason for this phenomenon is still debated. Our study suggests that the decrease in Arctic sea ice during winter can influence the warming of SST in the Northern Indian Ocean (NIO) through three main pathway including atmospheric circulation, western Pacific SST and Tibet Plateau