The theoretical separation performance and practical separation performance of various membranes were collected and compared. An up-to-date holistic and systematic evaluation of membranes from five dimensions (i.e., water permeance, water/NaCl selectivity, membrane cost, scale of development, and stability) is provided and visualized by radar charts. The critical deficiencies revealed in the review

The iontronic meta-fabric exhibits a “hitting three birds with one stone” property, breaking through the bottleneck that traditional film materials (PDMS) cannot balance comfort and durability. The meta-fabrics can be integrated with garments and advanced data analysis systems to manufacture a series of large matrix structure (> 40 × 40, 1600 sensing units) rehabilitation training devices, overcoming

Fe–Mn dual-atom catalysts exhibit superior oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and stability, with high half-wave potentials in both alkaline and acidic conditions. Synergistic Mn incorporation effectively anchors Fe atoms, mitigates the Fenton reaction, and enhances the durability of ORR catalysts. Advanced characterization and density-functional theory calculations reveal Mn-induced electronic

The effects of the size structure and stability of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on proton conduction are comprehensively summarized. Advanced strategies for constructing proton conduction MOFs are critically discussed. Challenges and opportunities for the development of novel proton-conducting MOFs are further outlined.

We have discovered a novel phenomenon where the pseudocapacitance of flexible MXene supercapacitors changes sensitively in response to bending, leading to the development of Pseudocapacitive Sensors. Pseudocapacitive Sensors repurpose supercapacitors as strain sensors, detecting capacitance changes from shifts between pseudocapacitance and electrical double layer capacitor. These highly sensitive sensors

This review delves into the mechanism of the state-of-the-art lithium–sulfur batteries from a novel perspective of cathode–electrolyte interface. It provides extensive strategies to construct a stable cathode–electrolyte interphase layer and improve the uneven deposition of Li2S, enhancing the stability of the interface structure. It proposes an in-depth and comprehensive research on how to inhibit

Ionic polymers can directly serve as high-performance ion-selective membranes when it was physically confined within submillimeter-sized cylindrical pore. The universality of this strategy is demonstrated in preparing cation/anion-selective membrane. With real seawater and river water, the output power density of a three-chamber cell on behalf of repeat unit of reverse electrodialysis system can reach

Hierarchical polyimide (PI) nonwoven fabric is fabricated by alkali treatment, in-situ growth of magnetic particles, and "self-activated" electroless Ag plating process. Impedance matching structure by assembling Fe3O4/Ag-loaded PI nonwoven fabric (PFA) and pure Ag-coated PI nonwoven fabric (PA) induces more electromagnetic waves enter PFA/PA and be dissipated. The fluffy 3D space structure of PFA

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are an emerging type of nanomaterial which has diverse interfacial metal–ligand coordination motifs that can significantly affect their physicochemical properties and functionalities. Among that, Cu nanoclusters have been gaining continuous increasing research attentions, thanks to the low cost, diversified structures, and superior catalytic performance for various

The presence of SnZn-related defects in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) absorber results in large irreversible energy loss and extra irreversible electron–hole non-radiative recombination, thus hindering the efficiency enhancement of CZTSSe devices. Although the incorporation of Ag in CZTSSe can effectively suppress the SnZn-related defects and significantly improve the resulting cell performance, an excellent

Using electrospun high-strength carbon nanofibers as the aerogel scaffold, high loading of polyaniline in the aerogel was achieved through seed polymerization, forming the core–shell structure fibers and simultaneously connecting the fibers as a stable conductive network. Combining carbon-based materials with conductive polymers like polyaniline significantly improves shielding performance, achieving

The innovative synthesis of pure green FAPbBr3 nanocrystals at room temperature was exploited by employing aromatic amine ligands to refine the perovskite nanocrystals with high quality and excellent optoelectronic properties. The proposed ligand engineering strategy firstly realized the suppression of emission thermal quenching effect in the organic-inorganic hybrid FAPbBr3 nanocrystals. It was demonstrated

To emulate the functionality of the human retina and achieve a neuromorphic visual system, the development of a photonic synapse capable of multispectral color discrimination is of paramount importance. However, attaining robust color discrimination across a wide intensity range, even irrespective of medium limitations in the channel layer, poses a significant challenge. Here, we propose an approach

Efficient activation of Ni electrode employs chronopotentiostatic superoxidation. Novel superoxide activation mechanism realizes the redox reaction with three-electron transfer (Ni ↔ Ni3+). As-prepared CPS-Ni||Zn batteries exhibit simultaneously ultrahigh energy and power densities.

By modulating the crystalline properties of the active layer with dual donors, the efficiency of organic solar cells reaches 19.23%. The introduction of PTzBI-dF suppresses the accumulation of traps and charge recombination, allowing ternary devices to maintain 82% of their initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after illumination for 800 h. The dual-donor strategy for modulating the crystallinity

Recent advances in the combined delivery platform that integrate nano-/microscale carriers and with 3D hydrogel network for bone regeneration are summarized. The strategies for bioactive molecules delivery involving nanoparticles, nanosheets, and microspheres, along with extra stimuli such as near-infrared light, temperature changes, ultrasonication, and inflammatory conditions, are introduced. The

Developing a universal bulk heterojunction strategy to create oxygen vacancies by embedding laser-manufactured metal nanocrystals into the TiO2 matrix. Proposing a new mechanism based on plasmonic-induced hot electron injection and enhanced conductivity from Schottky contact-derived oxygen vacancies. Establishing several benchmark values for the performance of TiO2-based photocathodes in photoassisted

This review highlights the gradient variations in the structural composition of musculoskeletal tissues and comprehensively examines recent progress in the fabrication and application of biomimetic gradient scaffolds for musculoskeletal repair. The challenges and prospects of gradient scaffolds for clinical application are discussed.

A simple and scalable fabricated hydrogel with multiple functionalities to realize self-sustainable outdoor monitoring solely by it for large-scale applications in precision agriculture. Stable direct-current output without requirement on stochastic or temporal environmental energies, achieving an energy density of 1.36 × 107 J m–3 with continuous operation of 56.25 days in normal outdoor environment

Demonstrate that the key factor to determine the activity of reconstructed surfaces is the surface chemistry, instead of reconstruction degree using the popular perovskite LaNi1-xFexO3 oxides as model materials. Fe content can influence both the surface reconstruction degree, the activation degree, and the activity of reconstructed surfaces. The oxygen evolution reaction activity of reconstructed catalysts

The first example of a flexible array capable of detecting pyocyanin, a bacterial virulence factor, while correcting dynamic pH fluctuations. Developed a screen-printable conductive nanocomposite ink for fabricating the pyocyanin sensor and utilized a polyaniline/carbon nanocomposite as a pH-sensitive film for the pH sensor. Customized inks are advantageous in terms of flexible printed sensing array

Liquid leakage of pipeline networks not only results in considerable resource wastage but also leads to environmental pollution and ecological imbalance. In response to this global issue, a bioinspired superhydrophobic thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon nanotubes/graphene nanosheets flexible strain sensor (TCGS) has been developed using a combination of micro-extrusion compression molding and surface

Wafer-scale integration of Ag2S-based memristive crossbar arrays was demonstrated using complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processes below 160 °C. A record-low threshold voltage for filament formation and an ultra-low switching-energy reaching that of biological synapses in wafer-scale CMOS-compatible memristive units were achieved. The energy-efficient resistance switching was

Direct photolithography of electrochromic WOx nanoparticles via in situ photo-induced ligand exchange is proposed and demonstrated. The highest resolution among inorganic electrochromics (< 4 µm) is achieved, which is promising in high-resolution non-emissive displays. The as-prepared device exhibits highly remarkable performance including rapid response, high coloration efficiency and durability.

Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood. Here, we report that CO2 accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu2O to Cu@CuxO composites, ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic performances. The

A method is proposed for the modulation of electrical pathways in the cracks of stretchable electrodes using liquid metals, based on which ultra-high sensitivity (> 108) and large-range (> 100%) strain sensors are realised. A secondary modulation of the response (or performance) of the sensor is proposed, allowing not only electrical modulation by liquid metal patterning during fabrication, but also

An alternative electromagnetic attenuation pathway is proposed in the MXene-polymer hybrid structure, distinct from conduction loss, for generalizing the results to a wider range of electromagnetic-thermal driven soft materials and devices. By efficiently harvesting and converting electromagnetic energy, the response time of the hybrid polymer to microwave exhibits 87% reduction with merely 0.15 wt%

The complex wiring, bulky data collection devices, and difficulty in fast and on-site data interpretation significantly limit the practical application of flexible strain sensors as wearable devices. To tackle these challenges, this work develops an artificial intelligence-assisted, wireless, flexible, and wearable mechanoluminescent strain sensor system (AIFWMLS) by integration of deep learning neural

Low-temperature fabrication of black-phase CsPbI3 perovskite films is first demonstrated by using diphenylphosphinic chloride additive under 30–50 °C, arising from the steric effect and chloride insertion engineering. Large-area high-quality all-inorganic perovskite films with fewer defects enhanced crystallographic orientation, and excellent environmental stability is fabricated. The record performances

Spike-based neural networks, which use spikes or action potentials to represent information, have gained a lot of attention because of their high energy efficiency and low power consumption. To fully leverage its advantages, converting the external analog signals to spikes is an essential prerequisite. Conventional approaches including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators, and sensors suffer