Gas quenching and vacuum quenching process are widely applied to accelerate solvent volatilization to induce nucleation of perovskites in blade-coating method. In this work, we found these two pre-crystallization processes lead to different order of crystallization dynamics within the perovskite thin film, resulting in the differences of additive distribution. We then tailor-designed an additive molecule named 1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiourea to obtain films with fewer defects and holes at the buried interface, and prepared perovskite solar cells with a certified efficiency of 23.75%. Furthermore, this work also demonstrates an efficiency of 20.18% for the large-area perovskite solar module (PSM) with an aperture area of 60.84 cm². The PSM possesses remarkable continuous operation stability for maximum power point tracking of T₉₀ > 1000 h in ambient air.

气体淬火和真空淬火工艺在叶片涂层法中被广泛用于加速溶剂挥发，以诱导钙钛矿成核。在这项工作中，我们发现这两个预结晶过程导致钙钛矿薄膜内结晶动力学的顺序不同，从而导致添加剂分布的差异。然后，我们定制设计了一种名为 1,3-双（4-甲氧基苯基）硫脲的添加剂分子，以获得埋藏界面处缺陷和孔洞较少的薄膜，并制备了认证效率为 23.75% 的钙钛矿太阳能电池。此外，这项工作还证明了孔径面积为 60.84 cm² 的大面积钙钛矿太阳能组件 （PSM） 的效率为 20.18%。PSM 具有卓越的连续运行稳定性，可在环境空气中 1000 h 跟踪 T₉₀ > 的最大功率点。