Hemp has been widely used for cadmium (Cd) remediation. However, its remediation efficiency needs to be improved. Chitooligosaccharides can enhance plant resistance and growth; however, their effects on hemp for Cd-remediation remain unclear. Herein, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three doses (0, 22.5, and 45 μg m−2) of chitooligosaccharides (COS), chitin-oligosaccharides

Partial nitrification (PN), is a promising nitrogen removal technology in wastewater treatment. Contrary to the dogma that low dissolved oxygen (DO) is more conducive to achieving PN, this study successfully established PN within 7 days under high DO conditions (> 6 mg/L). Ultra-stable PN was maintained over 143 days with an average nitrite accumulation ratio of 98 % treating real domestic wastewater

Fermentative Firmicutes species are key players in anaerobic digestion; however, their niche differentiation based on carbohydrate utilization in full-scale systems remains unclear. In this study, we investigated niche differentiation among four major Firmicutes classes using a genome-centric approach, reconstructing 39 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes. Limnochordia and Clostridia exhibited

Partial denitrification coupled with anammox is a promising approach for sustainable nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, this coupling can be influenced by hydrazine (N2H4) released by anammox bacteria. This study aimed to reveal how N2H4 regulates partial denitrification. Short-term batch experiments showed that 0.5 to 10 mg N/L of N2H4 promoted nitrite (NO2−) accumulation, likely by inhibiting

Research studies on Metal Organic Frameworks (MOF) based composites and their potential applications in environmental engineering and pollution control have recently emerged. An attractive material to form MOF composites is biochar (BC); a low-cost, highly porous carbonaceous by-product of biomass pyrolysis. This paper presents a critical review on MOF-biochar composites, focusing on fabrication, characterisation

Dye biodegradation products may cause genotoxicity, raising concerns about the safety of bioremediated water. The underlying biotransformation mechanism and related genotoxicity during anthraquinone degradation remain unclear. In this study, we employed Pseudomonas aeruginosa WYT (PaWYT) to investigate the biotransformation of Vat Blue 4 (VB4), a dye with a typical anthraquinone structure and low bioavailability

This study was designed to explore the key impact of Proteinase K (PK) on every step of anaerobic co-digestion. The results of step-by-step experiments indicated that PK promoted the hydrolysis of biodegradable plastic by initiating self-hydrolysis reactions, directly promoting the hydrolysis step of anaerobic co-digestion. Subsequently, PK indirectly promoted the acidogenesis and acetogenesis steps

This study evaluated the influence of nanoparticles in both suspension and solid format on the performance of a microalgal process devoted to photosynthetic biogas purification. The experimental system consisted of an enclosed tubular photobioreactor coupled to a biogas absorption column through a mixing chamber. The high NH4+ concentration in the inlet mineral medium (530 mg N-NH4+ L-1) and the punctual

Effective hydrolysis of lignocelluloses for producing reducing sugar is impeded by the covalent binding of hemicellulose and cellulose through lignin, which could be eliminated by laccases. This study identified a novel thermostable laccase from Bacillus safensis TCCC 111022 and created an iterative mutant E231D/Y441H, exhibiting 1.59-fold greater specific activity and a 183 % greater half-life at

In this study, the alkaline fermentation of combined lipid-rich waste (LRW) was explored to produce volatile fatty acids (VFAs). By introducing sulfate as an external electron acceptor, the long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolic pathway was enhanced, achieving a VFA yield of 671.1 ± 21.9 mg COD/g VSS—an increase of 4.7 times compared to the control—under conditions of high lipid content (10 g/L). Significant

This study aimed to examine the impact of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) sizes on its properties and alginate-like exopolymers (ALE) recovery potential. The AGS was cultivated in a lab-scale bioreactor and categorized into six size classes with 200 μm intervals. There appeared a critical size (400–800 μm) for developing stable AGS structure and excellent ALE recovery. A higher hydrophobicity (74.36 %)

Anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) and activated carbon (AC) were employed as exogenous electron shuttles (ESs) for enhancing the performance of an integrated simultaneous methanogenesis, Feammox, and denitrification (SMFD) system treating fish sludge. The addition of AQDS and AC led to an increased total nitrogen removal efficiency by 30.2 % and 66.5 %, an increased total chemical oxygen demand

Sediment Microbial Fuel Cell (SMFC) technology is an innovative approach to facilitate the degradation of sedimentary organic matter by electroactive microorganisms, transforming chemical energy into electrical energy and modulating the redox potential at the sediment–water interface, consequently controlling the release of endogenous pollutants. The synergistic effects of various environmental factors

The presence of petroleum hydrocarbon components (PHCs) in biological oily sludge increases the toxicity of the sludge and makes dewatering even more difficult. In this study, an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) technology was used for treating biological oily sludge. The results showed that under specific conditions—a sludge/water ratio of 1:100, a discharge power of 440 W, and a 60-min treatment—the

Fluctuating pH conditions can affect heavy metal mobility, thereby limiting the efficiency of biofiltration systems (BS). To address this, we developed an innovative rhizosphere sponge, biochar-based bioreactor (RBB), designed to stabilize Cd2+ removal across a pH range of 5 to 9. RBB consistently outperformed the control, achieving a notable 91.3 % Cd2+ removal at pH 5. By creating optimized oxygen

Wastewater treatment based on microalgae and bacteria symbiosis is an environmentally friendly, sustainable technology that has attracted attention recently because of its high efficiency in treating pollutants, saving energy, and short-term biomass recovery. Among them, the granular microalgae and bacteria combination emerges with the advantages of rapid gravity settling, good resistance to adverse

Efficient phosphate adsorption from eutrophic waters remains challenging, fundamentally due to inherent trade-off in common adsorbents: high-binding energy between adsorbent and phosphate compromises reusability while low-binding energy suppresses selectivity. Herein, an innovative arginine-functionalized imprinted aerogel (AFIA-1:4) was fabricated by click chemistry and imprinting modification for

In this study, Desmodesmus pannonicus IITISM-DIX2, outperforming Chlorella sorokiniana IITISM-DIX3 in caffeine degradation, was used to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting caffeine removal efficiency under varying pH, photoperiods, caffeine, and indole acetic acid (IAA) concentrations. The ANN model, designed with a 4–15-1 multilayer perceptron and trained on 120 data points

Based on a novel bio-degumming system, the effect of chitosan on the degumming effect of ramie was investigated. The degumming effect indexes before and after the addition of chitosan were assessed, and the enzyme activities (pectinase, xylanase, ligninase and cellulase) were detected. Meanwhile changes in microbial community structure were evaluated. Furthermore, the electron-donating effect of chitosan

Enhanced nitrogen removal by hydroxylamine (NH2OH) on anammox-related process recently received attention. This study investigated the impact of NH2OH on the partial-denitrification/anammox (PDA) biosystem. Results show that NH2OH (≤10 mg N/L) immediately induced nitrite accumulation and provided sufficient NO2– to anammox, achieving a 18.1 ± 4.3 % increase of nitrogen removal efficiency compared to

To successfully scale-up the production of bio-based building blocks through CO2 and H2-based gas fermentation, it is crucial to deeply understand and control the microbial catalyst response to the bioreactor environment. This study investigates the effects of key process parameters, such as CO2 and H2 partial pressures, gas feeding strategies, and mixture composition, on the production pathways of

This study explored capabilities of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process under co-regulation of hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and hydrazine (N2H4). Results indicated that granular (R1) and flocculated (R2) sludge CANON systems were started-up respectively on day 14 and day 17 by co-introduction of 0.50 + 1.00 mg/L and 1.00 + 5.00 mg/L NH2OH and N2H4, with ammonia removal efficiency

The ecological risks posed by incompletely degraded antibiotic intermediates in aquatic environments warrant significant attention. This study investigated the degradation mechanisms of sulfonamides (sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole) and quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin) during thermally activated persulfate (TAP) treatment. The main degradation mechanisms for sulfonamides involved S-N bond cleavage

The hormetic effects of antibiotics on Scenedesmus sp. werecompared with nitrogen limitationstrategies. We observed that 100 and 1000 nM supplementation with antibiotics could stimulate bothα-linolenic acid (ALA) and α-tocopherol productivities. Although nitrogen limitation had the best overall biomass and chlorophyll a productivity (∼ 43.83 % and 109.07 % ↑, respectively), tetracycline (1000 nM, T1000)

In this study, an elemental sulfur (S0) autotrophic denitrification reactor (SADR) and a wood chunk and S0 mixotrophic denitrification reactor (WSMDR) were constructed with dual-layers to effectively remove nitrate from water using two-inlets and internal recirculation. The denitrification rates were 66–114 and 70–104 g-N/(m3·d) for the SADR and WSMDR, respectively. Sulfate production was 5.5–5.9 and

Around 4.2 billion people globally depend on on-site sanitation systems, with 43% relying on basic or unsafe facilities with key challenges of containment, emptying, transport, treatment and resource recovery from faecal sludge. This review paper critically examines faecal sludge characteristics and treatment technologies in terms of urine diversion capability, land requirements and capital as well

Biofilms offer a solution to the challenge of low biomass retention faced in mainstream partial nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) applications. In this study, a one-stage PN/A reactor derived from initial granular sludge was successfully transformed into a biofilm system using shedding carriers. Environmental stressors, such as ammonium nitrogen concentration and organic matter, significantly affected the

Four biofilm carriers including pyrite, manganese ore, ceramsite, and polyurethane sponge were used to construct microbial separators (MSs), while their performance in dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was evaluated. Polyurethane sponge and pyrite were superior biofilm carriers for MSs. The dense biofilm on the polyurethane sponge provides MS with optimal barrier capacity against dissolved oxygen

Atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutation and co-mutation with ethanol were employed to generate Haematococcus pluvialis mutants AV3 and AV8. These mutants were screened using multiple indices of chlorophyll fluorescence, quantum yield, lethality, growth rate, dry cell weight, and lipid content. Compared to the wild strain, the mutants demonstrated genetic stability (*p > 0.05) over three cultivation

This study utilized a circular economy approach to convert unripe rice, a low-cost by-product of the rice milling industry, into biofuels using a biorefinery process. The recombinant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER T12.7 strain was tested for its ability to produce ethanol from unripe rice. In hydrolysis trials with 20 % (dw/v) unripe rice, ER T12.7 showed superior saccharification yields comparable

Alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding is an emerging and promising oil recovery technique. However, the methods for preventing hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria (SPB), main culprits to microbial souring, in such alkali reservoirs remains unknown. Here, four alkaline-tolerant SPB exhibiting versatile sulfur metabolism were identified. Representative strains DS3, DS5, DS8, and DS23 were associated

A novel and comprehensive multiphysics numerical simulation model for microalgal pneumatic photobioreactors was developed using the open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software OpenFOAM. This model integrates three distinct submodels: multiphase fluid dynamics, light transport, and microalgae growth. In particular, the light transport submodel accounts for light scattering caused by air

The purpose of this study is to clarify the roles of thermophilic bacteria in humification during hyperthermophilic composting (HTC) of organic wastes mainly composed of mushroom residue. Results showed that HTC with a long hyperthermophilic (>80°C) period lasting for 18 days produced 83 mg/g of humus in compost on day 27, significantly higher than that of thermophilic composting (TC, 9.7 mg/g). Machine

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox), an energy-efficient technology for treating ammonium-rich wastewater, faces the challenge of antibiotic stress in sewage. This paper systematically evaluated the impact of antibiotics on anammox by considering both inhibitory effects and recovery duration. This review focused on cellular responses, including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), quorum sensing

Methanotroph could facilitate nitrogen removal during methane oxidation, and promote conversion of organic compounds by producing methane monooxygenase. Co-metabolic effect and mechanism of aerobic methane oxidation on the removal of nitrogen and organic matter from Baijiu wastewater were investigated using an improved denitrifying biological filter. It was found that the average removal efficiency

Yeast strains have been widely recognized as useful cell factories for biomanufacturing. To improve production efficiency, their biosynthetic pathways and regulatory strategies have been continuously optimized. However, commercial production using yeasts is still limited by low product yield and high production cost. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated the importance of metabolite transport processes

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is considered a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, Acidovorax diaphorobacter ZCH-15, an efficient PHA-producing strain, was isolated from activated sludge. Using food waste-derived orange peel as a substrate, the strain initially achieved a PHA concentration of 0.39 g/L. Under optimal

Collagen fiber purification is the most important pretreatment process in the recycling of animal hide/skin, by-products of meat production, and can be utilized to produce value-added materials. Traditional animal hide/skin resource utilization technologies face serious challenges in the aspect of production efficiency and environmental sustainability. Enzymatic collagen fiber purification processing

Leveraging biofuel derived from biomass stands as a pivotal strategy in reducing CO2 emissions and mitigating the greenhouse effect. Biomass serves as a clean, renewable energy source, offering inherent benefits. However, despite its advantages, biomass encounters obstacles hindering its widespread industrial applications, including its relatively low calorific value, limited grindability, high water

This study examined hydrogen conversion efficiency and operational stability in pilot-scale in-situ bio-methanation during the co-digestion of sewage sludge and lactic acid (partially derived from waste poly-lactic acid). Parallel laboratory-scale experiments were also conducted. In the pilot, hydrogen conversion efficiency decreased from 98.9 % to 84.4 % as the hydrogen feed rate increased from 240

This study examines phosphate (P(V)) sorption mechanisms in Miscanthus biochar, focusing on the effects of concentration, pH, and pyrolysis temperature. Biochars produced at 400 °C (B400) and 700 °C (B700) were analyzed using Freundlich isotherm and depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (DP-XPS). Four sorption mechanisms were identified: physisorption and C-P(V) complexes for both biochars

Two-phase anaerobic digestion (AD) performance is significantly influenced by operating parameters such as temperature and solids retention time (SRT), while their impact on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during the acidogenic (AP) and methanogenic (MP) phases remains unclear. This study assessed the abundance of eight ARGs in full-scale two-phase AD, then operated lab-scale two-phase AD systems

Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) leaching method to extract rare earth elements (REEs) of mine has produced a large amount of NH4+-N-enriched wastewater derived from ore body, leading to many serious environmental pollution problems. This study was the first time to establish an in-situ treatment for real REEs wastewater outside and inside the ore body by an isolated indigenous microorganism. The results

A novel biochar/tourmaline polyurethane sponge modified biocarrier (BTP) could enhance Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) enrichment and nitrogen removal performance. With higher hydrophilicity and specific surface area, BTP significantly improved total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal efficiency to 80 ± 2 %, compared to unmodified biocarrier of 67 ± 3 % when influent TIN reached 633.9 ± 22.0 mg/L. BTP stimulated

This study aims at addressing inconsistencies in literature regarding the organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) effect on caproic acid production, using biomass activity as an indicator. Xylose was fully consumed in the reference CSTR and SBR (HRT = 1-day; OLR = 12 gCOD/(L·d)), but different caproic acid yields (0.02 vs 0.11 Cmol/Cmol-s) were observed, which was linked to differences

Agricultural residues represent a valuable opportunity to develop circular bioeconomic systems centered on biomass. Characterizing this type of biomass can alleviate the pressure on current biomass sources (e.g., in forests and their biodiversity), enhance agricultural waste management, and reduce crop field emissions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of agricultural plant-based residues

This study investigated the impact of humic acid (HA) on enzymatic pretreatment efficiency, focusing on sludge properties and HA molecular structure. The results showed that enzymatic pretreatment alleviates HA inhibition, improving hydrolysis efficiency. In the presence of HA, soluble proteins and polysaccharides in the enzyme-cocktail group reached 27.7 mg/L and 23.9 mg/L, 1.4 and 1.3 times higher

Current environmental challenges and energy crises highlight the urgent need for a transition in energy mix. In this study, an innovative semi-photosynthetic biohybrid system that combined light-activated cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QDs) with engineered Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria, Clostridium acetobutylicumg (C. acetobutylicumg), was developed to enhance renewable butanol production.

During the hydrothermal treatment process, sludge proteins can interact with other organic matter, thereby affecting protein structure and altering protein solubility. This paper investigates the effects and causes of monosaccharides and lipids on protein structure and solubility during thermal hydrolysis of sludge. The results indicated that monosaccharides increase protein solubility by preventing

Acid whey, a dairy byproduct with low pH and high organic content, presents disposal challenges but also potential for resource recovery. In this study, chitosan gel was synthesized and evaluated for turbidity reduction of acid whey. Machine learning (ML) models were employed to predict and optimize the pretreatment process, with the Random Forest algorithm achieving a prediction accuracy of 0.78.

Aquaculture waste and carbon dioxide (CO2) are a global concern. Sarcodia suiae cultivated in outdoor photobioreactors (PBRs) using shrimp aquaculture wastewater and CO2 from biogas demonstrates significant benefits. It boosted biomass by 18.72 % with nearly 100 % removal of COD, inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and 41–89 % organic N and P removal from AWW. Sarcodia aqueous extracts were biostimulants

This study evaluated long-term performance of graphene oxide (GO) and magnetic GO (MGO) nanosheets in semi-continuous-flow anaerobic digestion (AD) of municipal sludge over 230 days. At organic loading rates (OLRs) of 2.6 and 3.4 g chemical oxygen demand (COD)fed/L/day, 20 and 200 mg/L of GO and MGO did not affect AD performance. However, at an OLR of 5.2 g CODfed/L/day, where control digesters failed

Anaerobic microorganisms are critical in regulating ethane in geothermal environments, where selenate and selenite are common contaminants. Although coupling ethane oxidation with selenate reduction has been demonstrated as feasible, such processes remain poorly explored in geothermal environments. This study addressed this gap by successfully enriching thermophilic anaerobic cultures capable of coupling

Aquaponics combines aquaculture and hydroponics, offering methods to produce fish and plants. However, optimization of its nitrogen transformation processes, which would lead to higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and lower nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, is still a daunting challenge. This study investigated these issues by using biochar and zerovalent iron (ZVI) with low (LD) and high (HD)

An iron-carbon coupled biofilm airlift internal circulation sequencing batch reactor (IC-SBR) was constructed to treat low-carbon source wastewater. Single-factor experiments were used to determine the optimal operating conditions for the IC-SBR, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h, a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration of 3 mg/L, a C/N ratio of 3, and an influent NH4+-N concentration of

Bound residual (BR) fraction typically represents the “endpoint” of soil pollution risk assessment and remediation. However, it remains unclear whether the BR fraction of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) still presents a release risk after immobilized by biochar. Therefore, the SMX migration rate in different fractions were quantified. Results revealed that there are three extractable fractions of SMX in biochar-soil

In this study, the bacterium XZ-A was genetically modified using atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis (ARTP) to increase the degradation efficiency of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) by up to 53.65 %. After 50 d of biodegradation, the mutagenized bacterium XZ-60S caused significant changes in the morphology, structure, thermal stability, and molecular weight of PE-MPs. The number

The synergistic effect between microorganisms with different modes of action can improve the leaching efficiency. In this study, biogenic acid was extracted from bacterial metabolites to induce fungal secretion, strengthen fungal leaching, and reveal the microscopic mechanism of biogenic acid stimulating fungal metabolic synthesis through transcriptome analysis. The results showed that the addition

Biotrickling filter (BTF) technology is inefficient in the treatment of Cl-containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as chlorobenzene (CB). This study adopted non-thermal plasma (NTP) as a pretreatment and conducted in-depth analyses, especially in microorganisms, to investigate strengthening mechanism of a NTP to a BTF in the process. The introduction of NTP enhance efficiency of CB removal