The incidence of large bone defects caused by traumatic injury is increasing worldwide, and the tissue regeneration process requires a long recovery time due to limited self-healing capability. Endogenous bioelectrical phenomena have been well recognized as critical biophysical factors in bone remodeling and regeneration. Inspired by bioelectricity, electrical stimulation has been widely considered an external intervention to induce the osteogenic lineage of cells and enhance the synthesis of the extracellular matrix, thereby accelerating bone regeneration. With ongoing advances in biomaterials and energy-harvesting techniques, electroactive biomaterials and self-powered systems have been considered biomimetic approaches to ensure functional recovery by recapitulating the natural electrophysiological microenvironment of healthy bone tissue. In this review, we first introduce the role of bioelectricity and the endogenous electric field in bone tissue and summarize different techniques to electrically stimulate cells and tissue. Next, we highlight the latest progress in exploring electroactive hybrid biomaterials as well as self-powered systems such as triboelectric and piezoelectric-based nanogenerators and photovoltaic cell-based devices and their implementation in bone tissue engineering. Finally, we emphasize the significance of simulating the target tissue’s electrophysiological microenvironment and propose the opportunities and challenges faced by electroactive hybrid biomaterials and self-powered bioelectronics for bone repair strategies.

创伤性损伤引起的大骨缺损的发生率在世界范围内不断增加，由于自愈能力有限，组织再生过程需要较长的恢复时间。内源性生物电现象已被公认为骨重塑和再生的关键生物物理因素。受生物电的启发，电刺激被广泛认为是一种外部干预，可诱导细胞的成骨谱系并增强细胞外基质的合成，从而加速骨再生。随着生物材料和能量收集技术的不断进步，电活性生物材料和自供电系统被认为是通过概括健康骨组织的天然电生理微环境来确保功能恢复的仿生方法。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了生物电和内源性电场在骨组织中的作用，并总结了电刺激细胞和组织的不同技术。接下来，我们重点介绍了探索电活性混合生物材料以及自供电系统（如基于摩擦电和压电的纳米发电机和基于光伏电池的器件）的最新进展，以及它们在骨组织工程中的实施。最后，我们强调了模拟目标组织电生理微环境的重要性，并提出了电活性混合生物材料和自供电生物电子学在骨修复策略中面临的机遇和挑战。