• A simple and scalable fabricated hydrogel with multiple functionalities to realize self-sustainable outdoor monitoring solely by it for large-scale applications in precision agriculture.

• Stable direct-current output without requirement on stochastic or temporal environmental energies, achieving an energy density of 1.36 × 10⁷ J m^–3 with continuous operation of 56.25 days in normal outdoor environment.

• Self-powered noninvasive leaf relative water content monitoring and environmental sensing to evaluate plant health status with high durability and self-recoverability in severe environments.

中文翻译：

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一种具有多模态自供电传感能力和稳定直流输出的多功能水凝胶，适用于室外植物监控系统

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  一种简单且可扩展的预制水凝胶，具有多种功能，仅靠它就可以实现自我可持续的户外监测，用于精准农业的大规模应用。

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  稳定的直流输出，无需随机或时间环境能量，在正常室外环境中连续运行 56.25 天，能量密度为 1.36 × 10⁷ J m^–3。

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  自供电无创叶片相对含水量监测和环境传感，以评估植物健康状况，在恶劣环境中具有高耐用性和自我恢复性。