-
Carbon-based implantable bioelectronics Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Shan Liu, Xue Li, Li Gan, Sutong Liu, Hongzhi Luo, Xiaoxin Du, Samah A. Loutfy, Hong Tan, Jinhong Guo, Chenzhong Li
Real-time health monitoring and precision treatment are important in the biomedical field. Researchers have focused on unique gadgets with peculiar functions, which have emerged from the merging of electronic components with biological systems. Because implantable bioelectronics can sense bodily information or elicit bodily reactions in living creatures from sites outside the body, they are becoming
-
Glows, arcs, ohmic discharges: An electrode-centered review on discharge modes and the transitions between them Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 André Anders
Ever since they have been studied, gas discharges have been classified by their visual appearance as well as by their current and voltage levels. Glow and arc discharges are the most prominent and well-known modes of discharges involving electrodes. In a first approximation, they are distinguished by their current and voltage levels, and current–voltage characteristics are a common way to display their
-
Electrode materials and structures in UV photodetectors Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Weixin Ouyang, Mingmin Zhang
Electrodes can be recognized as the bridges between photodetectors (PDs) and outer measurement circuits. The interfacial electric properties between electrodes and sensitive materials would dominate the separation and collection of photo-induced charge carrier, which are recognized as one of the critical factors influencing the photo-detecting performance. In this paper, the electrode materials used
-
Tailoring lyotropic liquid crystals for skin barrier penetration: Exploring composition and structure–function relationships Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Sakshi Priya, Vaibhavi Meghraj Desai, Gautam Singhvi
Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) have garnered attention as a promising nanocarrier delivery system for enhancing skin permeation owing to their unique structural properties, such as improved drug loading and controlled drug release and versatility. LLCs are greatly explored for topical drug delivery owing to their strong bio-adhesive nature and structural similarity to the biological membranes when
-
Navigating challenges and solutions in quantitative photoacoustic imaging Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Ruochong Zhang, Rabia'tul A'dawiah, Tristan Wen Jie Choo, Xiuting Li, Ghayathri Balasundaram, Yi Qi, Yonggeng Goh, Renzhe Bi, Malini Olivo
Photoacoustic imaging, an emerging modality that seamlessly combines advantages of optical absorption contrast and ultrasound resolution, holds great promise for noninvasive imaging of biological tissues. Its applications span across diverse fields, such as dermatology, oncology, cardiology, and neurology. However, achieving accurate image reconstruction and physiological parameters quantification
-
Distinct CO2-run-out regime from steric effect of electric double layer in electrochemical CO2 reduction Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Longfei Chen, Hao Feng, Ying Zhang, Dong Liu, Qiang Li
The field of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) is pursuing high operating current densities, eventually controlled by CO2 transport. Here, we develop a new multiscale modeling approach that is able to more generally describe the effects of the electric double layer (EDL) on CO2 transport over a wide potential window extending to utmost potentials. By leveraging it, we identify a distinct
-
Ligand compensation enabling efficient and stable exciton recombination in perovskite QDs for high-performance QLEDs Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 Jindi Wang, Mingyang Li, Wenxuan Fan, Leimeng Xu, Jisong Yao, Shalong Wang, Jizhong Song
Perovskite quantum dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been considered as a promising luminescent technology due to high color purity and wide color gamut. However, the realization of high-performance QLED is still hindered by near-perfect quantum dots (QDs) with efficient and stable exciton recombination behavior. Here, we proposed a ligand compensation (LC) strategy to optimize the QDs by
-
Advancements in miniaturized infrared spectroscopic-based volatile organic compound sensors: A systematic review Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Lipeng Xia, Yuheng Liu, Ray T. Chen, Binbin Weng, Yi Zou
The global trends of urbanization and industrialization have given rise to critical environmental and air pollution issues that often receive insufficient attention. Among the myriad pollution sources, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) stand out as a primary cluster, posing a significant threat to human society. Addressing VOCs emissions requires an effective mitigation action plan, placing technological
-
Toroidal dipole bound states in the continuum in asymmetric dimer metasurfaces Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Haozong Zhong, Lujun Huang, Shuangli Li, Chaobiao Zhou, Shaojun You, Lin Li, Ya Cheng, Andrey E. Miroshnichenko
Structural symmetry plays a pivotal role in the emergence of symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum (BICs), often observed at the Γ-point within the first Brillouin zone. However, structural symmetry is not an absolute requirement for the formation of BICs at the Γ-point. In this work, we demonstrate that all-dielectric metasurfaces and photonic crystal slabs, made of dimer nanostructures
-
Modeling quantum optical phenomena using transition currents Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Aviv Karnieli, Nicholas Rivera, Valerio Di Giulio, Ady Arie, F. Javier García de Abajo, Ido Kaminer
Spontaneous light emission is central to a vast range of physical systems and is a founding pillar for the theory of light–matter interactions. In the presence of complex photonic media, the description of spontaneous light emission usually requires advanced theoretical quantum optics tools such as macroscopic quantum electrodynamics, involving quantized electromagnetic fields. Although rigorous and
-
Highly flexible and temperature-tolerant phase change devices for dual-band camouflage Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Liuxiang Huo, Lin Wang, Shubing Li, Xionghu Xu, Liangqing Zhu, Yawei Li, Liyan Shang, Kai Jiang, Junhao Chu, Zhigao Hu
Here, we have developed a more temperature-tolerant emitter with a gradient emittance, which can enable adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Such a thermal emitter is mainly constructed by multilayered films composed of nitrogen (N)-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 (N-GST) and an underlying metal film. The proposed device not only possesses special wavelength selectivity in the middle infrared range but
-
Topological hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) and their electronic applications in sensor, memristor, and neuromorphic computing Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-08 Cheng Zhang, Chenyu Wang, Chao Li, Tiansheng Zhang, Yucheng Jiang, Xinli Cheng, Kuaibing Wang, Chunlan Ma, Yang Li
Recently, an emerging class of hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) has become an appealing member of organic material family, attributed to their layered self-assembly structures, high-crystalline, and environmentally friendly characteristics, which have rapidly propelled their development in the field of electronic devices. In this context, we focus on the latest category of topological HOFs
-
Approaching scalable quantum memory with integrated atomic devices Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-08 Bo Jing, Shihai Wei, Longyao Zhang, Dianli Zhou, Yuxing He, Xihua Zou, Wei Pan, Hai-Zhi Song, Lianshan Yan
Quantum memory, which maps photonic quantum information into a stationary medium and retrieves it at a chosen time, plays a vital role in the advancement of quantum information science. In particular, the scalability of a quantum memory is a central challenge for quantum network that can be overcome by using integrated devices. Quantum memory with an integrated device is highly appealing since it not
-
A cyclical route linking fundamental mechanism and AI algorithm: An example from tuning Poisson's ratio in amorphous networks Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Changliang Zhu, Chenchao Fang, Zhipeng Jin, Baowen Li, Xiangying Shen, Lei Xu
“AI for science” is widely recognized as a future trend in the development of scientific research. Currently, although machine learning algorithms have played a crucial role in scientific research with numerous successful cases, relatively few instances exist where AI assists researchers in uncovering the underlying physical mechanisms behind a certain phenomenon and subsequently using that mechanism
-
Entanglement-enhanced quantum metrology: From standard quantum limit to Heisenberg limit Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Jiahao Huang, Min Zhuang, Chaohong Lee
Entanglement-enhanced quantum metrology explores the utilization of quantum entanglement to enhance measurement precision. When particles in a probe are prepared into a suitable quantum entangled state, they may collectively accumulate information about the physical quantity to be measured, leading to an improvement in measurement precision beyond the standard quantum limit and approaching the Heisenberg
-
Optical pulse-induced ultrafast antiferrodistortive transition in SrTiO3 Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Saqeeb Adnan, Amey Khanolkar, Shuxiang Zhou, David H. Hurley, Marat Khafizov
The ultrafast dynamics of the antiferrodistortive phase transition in perovskite SrTiO3 is monitored via time-domain Brillouin scattering. Using femtosecond optical pulses, we initiate a thermally driven tetragonal-to-cubic structural transformation and detect the crystal phase through changes in the frequency of Brillouin oscillations (BO) induced by propagating acoustic phonons. Coupling the measured
-
Interfacial modification strategies to secure phase-stability for inorganic perovskite solar cells Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Hyong Joon Lee, Jin Hyuck Heo, Sang Hyuk Im
The rapid success achieved from perovskite solar cell has drawn great expectations for commercialization of next-generation photovoltaics. Among the various perovskite materials, the inorganic perovskite derivatives have been of particular interest, ascribed to its superior thermal and chemical stability, which is a crucial criterion for reliable long-term operation. Nonetheless, the development of
-
Exploring electron transfer: Bioinspired, biomimetics, and bioelectrochemical systems for sustainable energy and Value-Added compound synthesis Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Graziela C. Sedenho, Rafael N. P. Colombo, Rodrigo M. Iost, Filipe C. D. A. Lima, Frank N. Crespilho
Electron transfer (ET) is a fundamental process that underlies various phenomena in physics, chemistry, and biology. Understanding ET mechanisms is crucial for developing sustainable energy solutions and synthesizing value-added compounds efficiently. In this context, the present review provides the fundamental aspects of ET involving bioinspired, biomimetics, and biological entities and its significance
-
Harnessing niobium-based MXenes for sensors and energy storage applications: The past, the present and the future Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Saheed E. Elugoke, Yared S. Worku, Taiwo W. Quadri, V. V Srinivasu, Eno E. Ebenso
Niobium carbide MXenes belong to a class of metal carbide MXenes with niobium as the early transition metal. The transformation of niobium carbide MXene sheets in to few-layer MXene sheets, the combination of the niobium-based MXene with other materials, delamination, intercalation, and partial oxidation of the niobium carbide MXene sheets have resulted in the formation of a material with excellent
-
Precise Fermi level engineering in a topological Weyl semimetal via fast ion implantation Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Manasi Mandal, Abhijatmedhi Chotrattanapituk, Kevin Woller, Lijun Wu, Haowei Xu, Nguyen Tuan Hung, Nannan Mao, Ryotaro Okabe, Artittaya Boonkird, Thanh Nguyen, Nathan C. Drucker, Xiaoqian M. Chen, Takashi Momiki, Ju Li, Jing Kong, Yimei Zhu, Mingda Li
The precise controllability of the Fermi level is a critical aspect of quantum materials. For topological Weyl semimetals, there is a pressing need to fine-tune the Fermi level to the Weyl nodes and unlock exotic electronic and optoelectronic effects associated with the divergent Berry curvature. However, in contrast to two-dimensional materials, where the Fermi level can be controlled through various
-
Recent progress of metasurfaces in light-emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Xin-Yi Zeng, Hong-Yi Hou, Yan-Qing Li, Jian-Xin Tang
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been known as the most widely used light source in lighting and displays for more than 60 years. There is still room for progress in the performance of LEDs, especially since the current devices with various types of different light-emitting layer materials have converged to unity in terms of internal quantum efficiency, and there is an urgent need to improve the light
-
Exciton control enables high-performance colloidal quantum well light-emitting diodes Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Sujuan Hu, Wenbin Xiang, Baiquan Liu, Lingjiao Zhang, Genghui Zhang, Min Guo, Jinhu Yang, Yunfei Ren, Junhong Yu, Zhenyu Yang, Huayu Gao, Jing Wang, Qifan Xue, Fion Sze Yan Yeung, Jiayu Zhang, Hoi Sing Kwok, Chuan Liu
Two-dimensional (2D) nanocrystals are promising for optoelectronic and microelectronic technologies. However, the performance of 2D nanocrystal light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remains limited. Here, exciton dynamics are rationally controlled by both shell engineering and device engineering, obtaining colloidal quantum well LEDs (CQW-LEDs) with superior performance. The formation of CQW films on charge
-
Threshold voltage instability in III-nitride heterostructure metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors: Characterization and interface engineering Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-31 Sen Huang, Xinhua Wang, Yixu Yao, Kexin Deng, Yang Yang, Qimeng Jiang, Xinyu Liu, Fuqiang Guo, Bo Shen, Kevin J. Chen, Yue Hao
III-nitride heterostructure-based metal–insulator–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MIS-HEMTs), compared with Schottky and p-GaN gate HEMTs, have demonstrated significant potential in the next-generation high-power electronic devices due to their exceptional gate reliability. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of threshold voltage (VTH) instability in III-nitride heterostructure-based
-
Two-dimensional molecular crystal Sb2O3 for electronics and optoelectronics Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-31 Jing Yu, Wei Han, Ruey Jinq Ong, Jing-Wen Shi, Abdulsalam Aji Suleiman, Kailang Liu, Francis Chi-Chung Ling
As a two-dimensional (2D) inorganic molecular van der Waals crystal, Sb2O3 has been widely recognized as an excellent dielectric and encapsulation material due to its wide bandgap, high dielectric constant (κ), and remarkably high air stability. Considering the significance and potential application of Sb2O3 in future electronic devices, it is valuable to summarize its recent advancements. In this
-
Topological magnetoresistance of magnetic skyrmionic bubbles Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-30 Fei Li, Hao Nie, Yu Zhao, Zhihe Zhao, Juntao Huo, Tianyang Wang, Zhaoliang Liao, Andi Liu, Hanjie Guo, Hongxian Shen, Sida Jiang, Renjie Chen, Aru Yan, S.-W. Cheong, Weixing Xia, Jianfei Sun, Lunyong Zhang
Magnetic skyrmions offer promising prospects for constructing future energy-efficient and high-density information technology, leading to extensive explorations of new skyrmionic materials recently. The topological Hall effect has been widely adopted as a distinctive marker of skyrmion emergence. Alternately, here we propose a novel signature of skyrmion state by quantitatively investigating the magnetoresistance
-
Virus inactivation by matching the vibrational resonance Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-30 Mohammad Sadraeian, Irina Kabakova, Jiajia Zhou, Dayong Jin
Physical approaches based on irradiation provide advances for the prevention and treatment of viral infections, while recognizing that certain chemical inactivation techniques demonstrate significant effectiveness alongside physical methods. By generating resonant vibrations of complete virus particles, which are in the GHz range and quite high compared to that of human cells, viruses can be inactivated
-
Operando nano-mapping of sodium-diglyme co-intercalation and SEI formation in sodium ion batteries' graphene anodes Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-30 Yue Chen, Shaohua Zhang, Weijian Zhang, Alessio Quadrelli, Samuel Jarvis, Jing Chen, Hongyi Lu, Nagarathinam Mangayarkarasi, Yubiao Niu, Jianming Tao, Long Zhang, Jiaxin Li, Yingbin Lin, Zhigao Huang, Oleg Kolosov
Diglyme molecular solvated sodium ion complexes enable the superfast co-intercalation/de-intercalation into graphite interlayers, providing unprecedented prospects for the application of low-dimensional graphitic carbon as fast-charge sodium ion battery anode materials. A thorough understanding of this novel co-intercalation process and resulting solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is essential for
-
Phase change-related thermal property characterization and enhancement in carbon-based organic phase change composites Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-23 Mingxin Li, Xuanjie Wang, Junhua Shen, Dong Zhao, Jie Lian
By utilizing the significant amount of energy absorbed and released during their phase transitions, phase change materials (PCMs) can capture and store thermal energy to fill gaps between supply and demand. Due to their many favorable properties, organic PCMs have gained attention in a wide range of applications. Nevertheless, their inherent low thermal conductivity has limited the direct use of organic
-
Volatile threshold switching devices for hardware security primitives: Exploiting intrinsic variability as an entropy source Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-23 Wooseok Choi, Ohhyuk Kwon, Jangseop Lee, Seungyeol Oh, Seongjae Heo, Sanghyun Ban, Yoori Seo, Dongmin Kim, Hyunsang Hwang
In the age of the Internet of Things, the proliferation of edge devices has resulted in a significant increase in personal information that is susceptible to theft and counterfeiting at various stages of data communication. As a result, substantial attention has been focused on hardware (HW) security elements, such as the true random number generator and physical unclonable function. With the recent
-
Emerging MEMS sensors for ocean physics: Principles, materials, and applications Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 Yang Yang, Zhuhang Dai, Yi Chen, Yapeng Yuan, Yaxiaer Yalikun, Chenjing Shang
The use of ocean sensors is crucial for exploration of the ocean and harnessing the potential of its resources. However, conventional ocean sensors are limited by their fabrication techniques, which result in sensors that are large in size, have high-power consumption requirements, and involve complex deployment processes. However, fulfilling observation requirements in the harsh marine environment
-
Control of half-skyrmion movement for possible applications in memory, logic, and neuromorphic computing prototype devices Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 Zhaozhao Zhu, Tiankuo Xu, Yang Gao, Zhuolin Li, Zhidong He, Zhan Wang, Tongyun Zhao, Shouguo Wang, Jian-Wang Cai, Ying Zhang, Baogen Shen
The topological (anti)skyrmion configurations have presented promise for versatile spintronic applications in racetrack memory, logic gates, and bio-inspired computing due to the nontrivial spin topology and convenient current-driven dynamics. However, the precise control of (anti)skyrmion-based information unit transportation via electric current in conquer of skyrmion Hall effect remains challenging
-
Engineering oxygen-evolving catalysts for acidic water electrolysis Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 Xuan Minh Chau Ta, Thành Trần-Phú, Thi Kim Anh Nguyen, Manjunath Chatti, Rahman Daiyan
The utilization of water electrolysis for green hydrogen (H2) production, powered by renewable energy, is a promising avenue for sustainable development. Proton-exchange-membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) stands out as one of the most efficient H2 production technologies. However, implementing it on an industrial scale faces substantial challenges, particularly regarding the oxygen evolution reaction
-
Structure and ionic conduction enhancement mechanisms at CeO2/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-20 Bonan Zhu, Georg Schusteritsch, Weiwei Li, Wandong Xing, Rong Yu, Chris J. Pickard, Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
Fluorite-perovskite heterointerfaces garner great interest for enhanced ionic conductivity for application in electronic and energy devices. However, the origin of observed enhanced ionic conductivity as well as the details of the atomic structure at these interfaces remain elusive. Here, systematic, multi-stoichiometry computational searches and experimental investigations are performed to obtain
-
Recent advances in micro-pixel light emitting diode technology Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Jeong-Hwan Park, Markus Pristovsek, Hiroshi Amano, Tae-Yeon Seong
Display technology has developed rapidly in recent years, with III–V system-based micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) attracting attention as a means to overcome the physical limitations of current display systems related to their lifetime, brightness, contrast ratio, response time, and pixel size. However, for μLED displays to be successfully commercialized, their technical shortcomings need to be
-
Superior optical gain in zinc selenide colloidal nanocrystals induced by Coulomb-correlated electron–hole plasma Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Zhigao Huang, Hanchen Shen, Yiming Wu, Yuting Wu, Weigao Xu, Xie Zhang, Yue Wang
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been recognized as promising solution-processable gain media; however, the lasers with state-of-the-art performance exclusively originate from the cadmium- and lead-based NCs. Herein, we for the first time unravel that high-quality heavy-metal-free ZnSe/ZnS NCs show superior optical gain and lasing performance when the sizes exceed the quantum confinement
-
Nanostructured binary transition-metal-sulfides and nanocomposites as high-performance electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Mengxuan Sun, Xiaohe Ren, Ziwei Gan, Mingdong Liu, Yongxiu Sun, Wenzhong Shen, Zhijie Li, YongQing Fu
Supercapacitors (SCs) are attractive as promising energy storage devices because of their distinctive attributes, such as high power density, good current charge/discharge ability, excellent cyclic stability, reasonable safety, and low cost. Electrode materials play key roles in achieving excellent performance of these SCs. Among them, binary transition metal sulfides (BTMSs) have received significant
-
Graphene–fullerene heterostructures as robust and flexible nanomechanical bits Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Yixuan Xue, Harold S. Park, Jin-Wu Jiang
Electrical computers have revolutionized society over the past several decades, but questions have remained about their ability to perform in extreme environments, such as their stability at high-temperature conditions. This has motivated the recent surge of interest in developing mechanical computing platforms at all length scales, including the nanoscale, in which traditional electrical computers
-
A novel nanoplasmonic-based diagnosis platform: Advances and emerging technologies Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Gyeong-Ji Kim, Sung Eun Seo, Seo Jin Kim, Kyoung G. Lee, Oh Seok Kwon
The development of a rapid, simple, inexpensive, and sensitive nucleic acid assay is critical in ultrafast diagnostic systems to prevent the rapid spread of novel infectious agents. However, current representative diagnostic methods, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are bulky, expensive, complex, and time-consuming. The plasmonic photothermal effect of plasmonic materials is widely used
-
Physical cues of scaffolds promote peripheral nerve regeneration Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Wanqing Cao, Ye Zhang, Luhe Li, Bin Liu, Jianxun Ding, Xuesi Chen
The effective treatment of long-gap peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a challenge in clinical settings. The autograft, the gold standard for the long-gap PNI therapy, has several limitations, including a limited supply of donor nerve, size mismatch between the donor and recipient sites, functional loss at the donor site, neuroma formation, and the requirement for two operations. With the increasing
-
Radiation hardness of semiconductor laser diodes for space communication Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Manyang Li, Chao Shen, Zhenyu Sun, Bo Xu, Chao Zhao, Zhanguo Wang
Semiconductor laser diodes (LDs), with merits of little volume, lightweight, low power consumption, ease of modulation, and high data rates, are great candidates for space laser communications. However, operating in a radiation environment can result in various damages to LDs. Hence, the growing focus on satellite laser communications necessitates LDs with improved radiation hardness. This review covers
-
Directional liquid dynamics on superwetting interfaces Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Chunhui Zhang, Shihao Guo, Xixi Liu, Ziwei Guo, Cunming Yu, Yuzhen Ning, Kesong Liu, Lei Jiang
Directional liquid dynamics show significant interest across various fields, including energy, environmental remediation, water harvesting, microfluidics, and heat transfer. Nature creatures have developed remarkable abilities to manipulate liquid through their distinct surface structures and chemical compositions, offering valuable insights for human endeavors. Understanding the fundamental principles
-
High-Q silicon microring resonator with ultrathin sub-wavelength thicknesses for sensitive gas sensing Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-07 Rongxiang Guo, Qi He, Zunyue Zhang, Yingqi Xu, Shujiao Zhang, Qiyue Lang, Shuqi Xiao, Peize Han, Jiaqi Wang, Tianben Ding, Tiegen Liu, Hon Ki Tsang, Keisuke Goda, Zhenzhou Cheng
Microring resonators, due to their ability to enable robust strong light–matter interactions within their structures, have garnered substantial interest for their utility in sensing applications, particularly in the realm of gas detection. However, there is an inherent trade-off between a microring resonator's quality factor and confinement factor in the air, making it difficult to balance them. Here
-
Recent advances of phase transition and ferroelectric device in two-dimensional In2Se3 Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Wei Han, Zhen Wang, Shuang Guan, Jiayun Wei, Yunrui Jiang, Longhui Zeng, Liangping Shen, Daohong Yang, Hao Wang
The coupling of ferroelectric, photoelectric, semiconducting, and phase transition properties make two-dimensional (2D) In2Se3 a material platform with great application potential in the phase change memory, intelligent sensing, and in-memory computing devices. However, at present, there are unclear phase transition mechanisms and ferroelectric dynamics in 2D In2Se3, which seriously hinder the development
-
Demystifying metal-assisted chemical etching of GaN and related heterojunctions Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Clarence Y. Chan, Jan Paul Menzel, Yicong Dong, Zhuoran Long, Aadil Waseem, Xihang Wu, Yixin Xiao, Jinqiao Xie, Edmond K. C. Chow, Shaloo Rakheja, Victor S. Batista, Zetian Mi, Xiuling Li
GaN and related semiconductors have become an increasingly prominent material for a wide range of active and passive devices from optoelectronics to high frequency and power electronics as well as photocatalysis. Regardless of the application, anisotropic etching is required for micro and nano structuring, currently performed by reactive ion etching (RIE). Alternately, metal-assisted chemical etching
-
A generalized model for tribovoltaic nanogenerator Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Xin Guo, Jing You, Di Wei, Jiajia Shao, Zhong Lin Wang
Converting mechanical energy into direct-current electric power based on the tribovoltaic effect is a typical characteristic of tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs). Although this newly discovered physics effect has been devoted to numerous research studies recently, a generalized theoretical model is still missing, thus unable to comprehensively elaborate the working principles of TVNG. Unlike previous
-
Nature-inspired miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 R. Pramanik, R. W. C. P. Verstappen, P. R. Onck
State-of-the-art biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery and laparoscopic surgery are extremely challenging because of the small length scales, the requirements of wireless manipulation, operational accuracy, and precise localization. In this regard, miniaturized magnetic soft robotic swimmers (MSRS) are attractive candidates since they offer a contactless mode of operation for precise
-
Zero-dimensional nano-carbons: Synthesis, properties, and applications Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-19 Darwin Kurniawan, Zhenhai Xia, Liming Dai, Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov, Wei-Hung Chiang
Zero-dimensional (0D) nano-carbons, including graphene quantum dots, nanodiamonds, and carbon dots, represent the new generation of carbon-based nanomaterials with exceptional properties arising from diverse quantum phenomena, such as the surface, size, and edge effects, which strongly depend on the carbon–carbon bond configuration (sp2, sp3, and a mixture of sp2 and sp3) and particle size. Their unique
-
Coupled mode theory for plasmonic couplers Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Alessandro Tuniz, Alex Y. Song, Giuseppe Della Valle, C. Martijn de Sterke
Photonic integrated circuits play an increasingly important role in several emerging technologies. Their functionality arises from a combination of integrated components, e.g., couplers, splitters, polarization rotators, and wavelength selective filters. Efficient and accurate simulation of these components is crucial for circuit design and optimization. In dielectric systems, design procedures typically
-
Solution-processed 2D van der Waals networks: Fabrication strategies, properties, and scalable device applications Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Dongjoon Rhee, Deep Jariwala, Jeong Ho Cho, Joohoon Kang
Solution-based processing of two-dimensional (2D) materials has garnered significant interest as a facile and versatile route for the large-scalable production of 2D material films. Despite the benefits in process, these films were not considered suitable for device applications during the early stages of research because their electronic properties were far from those of 2D materials obtained through
-
CMOS on-chip thermometry at deep cryogenic temperatures Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Grayson M. Noah, Thomas H. Swift, Mathieu de Kruijf, Alberto Gomez-Saiz, John J. L. Morton, M. Fernando Gonzalez-Zalba
Accurate on-chip temperature sensing is critical for the optimal performance of modern complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs), to understand and monitor localized heating around the chip during operation. The development of quantum computers has stimulated much interest in ICs operating at deep cryogenic temperatures (typically 0.01–4 K), in which the reduced thermal
-
Topological and compositional disorder induced exciton Anderson localization highly enhances luminescence quantum yields of alloyed perovskite nanocrystals Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Wenjie Ma, Ruonan Miao, Huaxin Wu, Guoyan Dong, Jiyang Fan
Anderson localization has inspired tremendous effort in exploring underlying physics regarding electron, atom, and photon transport in disordered lattices. However, due to the difficulty in implementing periodic trapping potential for neutral excitons, observing Anderson localization of excitons in disordered semiconductors remains challenging. We report evidence of Anderson localization of Frenkel
-
Performance limiting inhomogeneities of defect states in ampere-class Ga2O3 power diodes Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Z. P. Wang, N. Sun, X. X. Yu, H. H. Gong, X. L. Ji, F.-F. Ren, S. L. Gu, Y. D. Zheng, R. Zhang, A. Yu. Kuznetsov, J. D. Ye
Impacts of spatial charge inhomogeneities on carrier transport fluctuations and premature breakdown were investigated in Schottky ampere-class Ga2O3 power diodes. Three prominent electron traps were detected in Ga2O3 epilayers by a combination of the depth-resolved capacitance spectroscopy profiling and gradual dry etching. The near-surface trap occurring at 1.06 eV below the conduction band minimum
-
Large electro-opto-mechanical coupling in VO2 neuristors Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Upanya Khandelwal, Rama Satya Sandilya, Rajeev Kumar Rai, Deepak Sharma, Smruti Rekha Mahapatra, Debasish Mondal, Navakanta Bhat, Naga Phani Aetkuri, Sushobhan Avasthi, Saurabh Chandorkar, Pavan Nukala
Biological neurons are electro-mechanical systems, where the generation and propagation of an action potential are coupled to the generation and transmission of an acoustic wave. Neuristors, such as VO2, characterized by insulator-metal transition (IMT) and negative differential resistance, can be engineered as self-oscillators, which are good approximations of biological neurons in the domain of electrical
-
Deep-reactive ion etching of silicon nanowire arrays at cryogenic temperatures Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Jiushuai Xu, Andam Deatama Refino, Alexandra Delvallée, Sebastian Seibert, Christian Schwalb, Poul Erik Hansen, Martin Foldyna, Lauryna Siaudinyte, Gerry Hamdana, Hutomo Suryo Wasisto, Jonathan Kottmeier, Andreas Dietzel, Thomas Weimann, Jan Kristen Prüssing, Hartmut Bracht, Erwin Peiner
The pursuit of sculpting materials at increasingly smaller and deeper scales remains a persistent subject in the field of micro- and nanofabrication. Anisotropic deep-reactive ion etching of silicon at cryogenic temperatures (cryo-DRIE) was investigated for fabricating arrays of vertically aligned Si nanowires (NWs) of a large range of dimensions from micrometers down to 30 nm in diameter, combined
-
Graphene-based spintronics Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Gaojie Zhang, Hao Wu, Li Yang, Wen Jin, Wenfeng Zhang, Haixin Chang
Graphene, the first isolated two-dimensional atomic crystal, is about to pass its 20th year. The last decade has been a critical period for graphene to gradually move from the laboratory to practical applications, and the research on the spin-related physical properties and various spintronic applications of graphene is still enduring. In this review, we systematically retrospect the important and
-
Charge-transfer hyperbolic polaritons in α-MoO3/graphene heterostructures Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 J. Shen, M. Chen, V. Korostelev, H. Kim, P. Fathi-Hafshejani, M. Mahjouri-Samani, K. Klyukin, G.-H. Lee, S. Dai
Charge transfer is a fundamental interface process that can be harnessed for light detection, photovoltaics, and photosynthesis. Recently, charge transfer was exploited in nanophotonics to alter plasmon polaritons by involving additional non-polaritonic materials to activate the charge transfer. Yet, direct charge transfer between polaritonic materials has not been demonstrated. We report the direct
-
Exploring solvation structure and transport behavior for rational design of advanced electrolytes for next generation of lithium batteries Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Xiaozhao Liu, Volodymyr Koverga, Hoai T. Nguyen, Anh T. Ngo, Tao Li
The efficacy of electrolytes significantly affects battery performance, leading to the development of several strategies to enhance them. Despite this, the understanding of solvation structure remains inadequate. It is imperative to understand the structure–property–performance relationship of electrolytes using diverse techniques. This review explores the recent advancements in electrolyte design
-
Wavelength-tuned transformation between photonic skyrmion and meron spin textures Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Min Lin, Qing Liu, Huigao Duan, Luping Du, Xiaocong Yuan
Topological spin textures, among which skyrmions and merons are typical examples, have with their swirling vectorial structures triggered enormous interest in physical systems including elementary particles and magnetic materials. Manipulating their symmetry and topology is important for understanding the mechanisms that underlie their topological phase transformation as well as offering tunable degrees
-
Terahertz nanoscopy: Advances, challenges, and the road ahead Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Xiao Guo, Karl Bertling, Bogdan C. Donose, Michael Brünig, Adrian Cernescu, Alexander A. Govyadinov, Aleksandar D. Rakić
Exploring nanoscale material properties through light-matter interactions is essential to unveil new phenomena and manipulate materials at the atomic level, paving the way for ground-breaking advancements in nanotechnology and materials science. Various elementary excitations and low-energy modes of materials reside in the terahertz (THz) range of the electromagnetic spectrum (0.1–10 THz) and occur
-
Engineering tools for stimulating wound healing Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-04-09 Emily Lazarus, Lindsay Barnum, Srikanthan Ramesh, Jacob Quint, Mohamadmahdi Samandari, Simon Laflamme, Thomas W. Secord, Tannin Schmidt, Ali Tamayol, Iris V. Rivero
Wound healing is the complex physiological process of restoring the skin's integrity, structure, and function after damage caused by external conditions. The wound healing cascade may be altered due to the progression of certain diseases, such as diabetes, venous hypertension, or peripheral arterial disease, resulting in non-healing chronic wounds. Chronic wounds can be characterized by a wide variety