Calculations of the two-loop electron self-energy for the 1S Lamb shift are reported, performed to all orders in the nuclear binding strength parameter Zα (where Z is the nuclear charge number and α is the fine structure constant). Our approach allows calculations to be extended to nuclear charges lower than previously possible and improves the numerical accuracy by more than an order of magnitude

We investigate the implications of the baryon acoustic oscillations measurement released by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument for interacting dark energy (IDE) models characterized by an energy-momentum flow from dark matter to dark energy. By combining Planck-2018 and Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument data, we observe a preference for interactions, leading to a nonvanishing interaction rate

Many experimental platforms for quantum science depend on state control via laser fields. Frequently, however, the control fidelity is limited by optical phase noise. This is exacerbated in stabilized laser systems where high-frequency phase noise is an unavoidable consequence of feedback. Here we implement an optical feedforward technique to suppress laser phase noise in the stimulated Raman adiabatic

Studying the properties and phase diagram of iron at high-pressure and high-temperature conditions has relevant implications for Earth’s inner structure and dynamics and the temperature of the inner core boundary (ICB) at 330 GPa. Also, a hexagonal-closed packed to body-centered cubic (bcc) phase transition has been predicted by many theoretical works but observed only in a few experiments. The recent

We revisit supernova (SN) bounds on a hidden sector consisting of millicharged particles χ and a massless dark photon. Unless the self-coupling is fine-tuned to be small, rather than exiting the SN core as a gas, the particles form a relativistic fluid and subsequent dark QED fireball, streaming out against the drag due to the interaction with matter. Novel bounds due to excessive energy deposition

We derive a refined version of the Affleck-Ludwig-Cardy formula for a 1+1D conformal field theory, which controls the asymptotic density of high energy states on an interval transforming under a given representation of a noninvertible global symmetry. We use this to determine the universal leading and subleading contributions to the noninvertible symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy of a single interval

The phase estimation algorithm is crucial for computing the ground-state energy of a molecular electronic Hamiltonian on a quantum computer. Its efficiency depends on the overlap between the Hamiltonian’s ground state and an initial state, which tends to decay exponentially with system size. We showcase a practical orbital optimization scheme to alleviate this issue. Applying our method to four iron-sulfur

The existence of light QCD axions, whose mass depends on an additional free parameter, can lead to a new ground state of matter, where the sourced axion field reduces the nucleon effective mass. The presence of the axion field has structural consequences, in particular, it results in a thinner (or even prevents its existence) heat-blanketing envelope, significantly altering the cooling patterns of

We show that the Veneziano amplitude of string theory is the unique solution to an analytically solvable bootstrap problem. Uniqueness follows from two assumptions: faster than power-law falloff in high-energy scattering and the existence of some infinite sequence in momentum transfer at which higher-spin exchanges cancel. The string amplitude—including the mass spectrum—is an output of this bootstrap

We consider resonant wavelike dark matter conversion into low-frequency radio waves in the Earth’s ionosphere. Resonant conversion occurs when the dark matter mass and the plasma frequency coincide, defining a range mDM∼10−9–10−8eV where this approach is best suited. Owing to the nonrelativistic nature of dark matter and the typical variational scale of the Earth’s ionosphere, the standard linearized

The BESIII Collaboration recently performed a precise measurement of the e+e−→DD¯ Born cross sections, and confirmed the G(3900) structure reported by and Belle with high significance. We identify the G(3900) as the first P-wave DD¯*/D¯D* molecular resonance. The experimental and theoretical identification of the P-wave dimeson state holds paramount importance in enhancing our comprehension of the

The transverse-momentum-dependent distributions (TMDs), which are defined by gauge-invariant 3D parton correlators with staple-shaped lightlike Wilson lines, can be calculated from quark and gluon correlators fixed in the Coulomb gauge on a Euclidean lattice. These quantities can be expressed gauge invariantly as the correlators of Coulomb-gauge-dressed fields, which reduce to the standard TMD correlators

We consider turbulence of waves interacting weakly via four-wave scattering (sea waves, plasma waves, spin waves, etc.). In the first order in the interaction, a closed kinetic equation has stationary solutions describing turbulent cascades. We show that the higher-order terms generally diverge both at small (IR) and large (UV) wave numbers for direct cascades. The analysis up to the third order identifies

Microstructural heterogeneities arising from molecular clusters directly affect the nonlinear thermodynamic properties of supercritical fluids. We present a physical model to elucidate the relation between energy exchange and heterogeneous cluster dynamics during the transition from liquidlike to gaslike conditions. By analyzing molecular-dynamics data and employing physical principles, the model considers

The dimension of a quantum state is traditionally seen as the number of superposed distinguishable states in a given basis. We propose an absolute, i.e., basis-independent, notion of dimensionality for ensembles of quantum states. It is based on whether a quantum ensemble can be simulated with states confined to arbitrary lower-dimensional subspaces and classical postprocessing. In order to determine

An apparent contact angle is formed when a droplet is deposited on a solid substrate. Young’s law has been employed to describe the equilibrium contact angle. Often in experiments, the equilibrium contact angle deviates from Young’s law and depends on the volume of the droplet, known as the line tension effect. However, the physical origin of the line tension is quite controversial. Especially, the

In contrast to normal diffusion processes, thermal conduction in one-dimensional systems is anomalous. The thermal conductivity is found to vary with the length as κ∼Lα(α>0), but there is a long-standing debate on the value α. Here, we present a canonical example of this behavior in polymer-grafted spherical nanoparticle (GNP) melts at fixed grafting density and nanoparticle radius. For long chains

We study a mixture of extensile and contractile cells using a vertex model extended to include active nematic stresses. The two cell populations phase separate over time. While phase separation strengthens monotonically with an increasing magnitude of contractile activity, the dependence on extensile activity is nonmonotonic, so that sufficiently high values reduce the extent of sorting. We interpret

We introduce a string-based parametrization for nucleon quark and gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) that is valid for all skewness. Our approach leverages conformal moments, representing them as the sum of spin-j nucleon A-form factor and skewness-dependent spin-j nucleon D-form factor, derived from t-channel string exchange in AdS spaces consistent with Lorentz invariance and unitarity

Bilayers of two-dimensional van der Waals materials that lack an inversion center can show a novel form of ferroelectricity, where certain stacking arrangements of the two layers lead to an interlayer polarization. Under an external out-of-plane electric field, a relative sliding between the two layers can occur, accompanied by an interlayer charge transfer and a ferroelectric switching. We show that

We examine nucleosynthesis in the ejecta of black-hole–neutron-star mergers based on the results of long-term neutrino-radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations for the first time. We find that the combination of dynamical and postmerger ejecta reproduces a solarlike r-process pattern. Moreover, the enhancement level of actinides is highly sensitive to the distribution of both the electron fraction

We revisit the prescription commonly used to define holographic correlators on the celestial sphere of Minkowski space as an integral transform of flat space scattering amplitudes. We propose a new prescription according to which celestial holographic correlators are given by the Mellin transform of bulk time-ordered correlators with respect to the radial direction in the hyperbolic slicing of Minkowski

Detection and attribution (DA) studies are cornerstones of climate science, providing crucial evidence for policy decisions. Their goal is to link observed climate change patterns to anthropogenic and natural drivers via the optimal fingerprinting method (OFM). We show that response theory for nonequilibrium systems offers the physical and dynamical basis for OFM, including the concept of causality

We observe an inverse turbulent-wave cascade, from small to large length scales, in a driven homogeneous 2D Bose gas. Starting with an equilibrium condensate, we drive the gas isotropically on a length scale much smaller than its size, and observe a nonthermal population of modes with wavelengths larger than the drive one. At long drive times, the gas exhibits a steady nonthermal momentum distribution

Quantum error correction (QEC) provides a practical path to fault-tolerant quantum computing through scaling to large qubit numbers, assuming that physical errors are sufficiently uncorrelated in time and space. In superconducting qubit arrays, high-energy impact events can produce correlated errors, violating this key assumption. Following such an event, phonons with energy above the superconducting

We present results from a complete next-to-leading order (NLO) calculation of e+e−→ZH in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework, including all contributions from dimension-six operators. At NLO, there are novel dependencies on CP violating parameters in the gauge sector, on modifications to the Higgs boson self-couplings, on alterations to the top quark Yukawa couplings, and on

We calculate the two-loop heavy quarkonium Hamiltonian within potential-nonrelativistic-QCD effective field theory in the nonannihilation channel. This calculation represents the first nontrivial step toward determining the N4LO Hamiltonian in the weak coupling regime. The large amount of computation is systematically handled by employing the β expansion, differential equations for master integrals

By braiding non-Abelian anyons it is possible to realize fault-tolerant quantum algorithms through the computation of Jones polynomials. So far, this has been an experimentally formidable task. In this Letter, a photonic quantum system employing two-photon correlations and nondissipative imaginary-time evolution is utilized to simulate two inequivalent braiding operations of Majorana zero modes. The

We have measured the spin polarization of a slow positron beam via state-selective depopulation of 2S13 positronium atoms, generated by passing the beam through a gas cell. Our method employs circularly polarized microwave radiation to drive 2S13→2P13 transitions, for which either ΔmJ=+1 or ΔmJ=−1, and relies on the fact that asymmetries between the two cases yield the underlying positron beam polarization

We introduce protocols to prepare many-body quantum states with quantum circuits assisted by local operations and classical communication. We show that by lifting the requirement of exact preparation, one can substantially save resources. In particular, the so-called W and, more generally, Dicke states require a circuit depth and number of ancillas per site that are independent of the system size.

Efficient simulation of quantum computers relies on understanding and exploiting the properties of quantum states. This is the case for methods such as tensor networks, based on entanglement, and the tableau formalism, which represents stabilizer states. In this Letter, we integrate these two approaches to present a generalization of the tableau formalism used for Clifford circuit simulation. We explicitly

In recent years, energy correlators have emerged as a powerful tool to explore the field theoretic structure of strong interactions at particle colliders. In this Letter we initiate a novel study of the nonperturbative power corrections to the projected N-point energy correlators in the limit where the angle between the detectors is small. Using the light-ray operator product expansion as a guiding

Harnessing high-dimensional entangled states of light presents a frontier for advancing quantum information technologies, from fundamental tests of quantum mechanics to enhanced computation and communication protocols. In this context, the spatial degree of freedom stands out as particularly suited for on-chip integration. But while traditional demonstrations produce and manipulate path-entangled states

Attosecond observations of coherent electron dynamics in molecules and nanostructures can be achieved by combining conventional scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) with ultrashort femtosecond laser pulses. While experimental studies in the subcycle regime are under way, a robust strong-field theory description has remained elusive. Here we devise a model based on the strong-field approximation. Valid

Energy correlators provide a powerful observable to study fragmentation dynamics in QCD. We demonstrate that the leading nonperturbative corrections for projected N-point energy correlators are described by the same universal parameter for any N, which has already been determined from other event shape fits. Including renormalon-free nonperturbative corrections substantially improves theoretical predictions

The formation and subsequent self-organization of a spiral electron density modulation initialized in a plasma produced by optical-field ionization of various gas species is studied. Our analytical model predicts that the spiral density modulation results from space-dependent drift velocities of the ionized electrons due to the spatial and temporal intensity distributions of the circularly polarized

Linear optical diffraction of light is a basic natural phenomenon subject to a long history study and it obeys the well-known reciprocity in transport. In this work we report observation of synergistic nonreciprocal linear and nonlinear diffraction of a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser beam against a periodic poled lithium niobate (PPLN) thin plate nonlinear grating with a front surface corrugated with

Capturing the intricate dynamics of partially coherent patterns in coupled oscillator systems is vibrant and one of the crucial areas of nonlinear sciences. Considering higher-order Fourier modes in the coupling, we discover a novel type of clustered coherent state in phase models, where inside the coherent region oscillators are further split into q dynamically equivalent subgroups with a 2π/q phase

The Wigner function formalism has played a pivotal role in examining the nonclassical aspects of quantum states and their classical simulatability. Nevertheless, its application in qubit systems faces limitations due to negativity induced by Clifford gates. In this Letter, we propose a novel classical simulation method for qubit Clifford circuits based on the framed Wigner function, an extended form

The recent Dark Energy Survey Year 1 (DES-Y1) analysis of galaxy cluster abundances and weak lensing produced Ω_{m} and σ_{8} constraints in 5.6σ tension with those derived from Planck. It is suggested in that work that this tension is driven by unmodeled systematics in optical cluster selection. We present a novel simulation-based forward modeling framework that explicitly incorporates cluster selection

We study a mechanism to induce superconductivity in atomically thin semiconductors where excitons mediate an effective attraction between electrons. Our model includes interaction effects beyond the paradigm of phonon-mediated superconductivity and connects to the well-established limits of Bose and Fermi polarons. By accounting for the strong-coupling physics of trions, we find that the effective

We study how sharp signatures of fractionalization emerge in nonlinear spectroscopy experiments on spin liquids with separated energy scales. Our model is that of dipolar-octupolar rare earth pyrochlore materials, prime candidates for realizing quantum spin ice. This family of three-dimensional quantum spin liquids exhibits fractionalization of spin degrees of freedom into spinons charged under an

We derive the radial action of a spinning probe particle in Kerr spacetime from the worldline formalism in the first-order form, focusing on linear in spin effects. We then develop a novel covariant Dirac bracket formalism to compute the impulse and the spin kick directly from the radial action, generalizing some conjectural results in the literature and providing ready-to-use expressions for amplitude

Cosmological correlators encode invaluable information about the wave function of the primordial Universe. In this Letter we present a duality between correlators and wave function coefficients that is valid to all orders in the loop expansion and manifests itself as a Z4 symmetry. To demonstrate the power of the duality, we derive a correlator-to-correlator factorization formula for the parity-odd

A dense neutrino gas exhibiting angular crossings in the electron lepton number is unstable and develops fast flavor conversions. Instead of assuming an unstable configuration from the onset, we imagine that the system is externally driven toward instability. We use the simplest model of two neutrino beams initially of different flavor that either suddenly appear or one or both slowly build up. Flavor

We study thermodynamic phase transitions between integrable and chaotic dynamics. We do so by analyzing models that interpolate between the chaotic double scaled Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) and the integrable p-spin systems, in a limit where they are described by chord diagrams. We develop a path integral formalism by coarse graining over the diagrams, which we use to argue that the system has two distinct

The first model-independent sensitivity to CPT violation in the top-quark sector is extracted from ATLAS and CMS measurements of the top and antitop kinematical mass difference. We find that the temporal component of a CPT-violating background field interacting with the top-quark vector current is restricted within the interval [−0.13,0.29] GeV at 95% confidence level. Published by the American Physical

Nickel and nitrogen co-doped carbon (Ni-N-C) catalysts are attracting attention due to their exceptionally high performance in the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2(CO2RR) to CO. However, the direct experimental insight into the working mechanism of these catalysts is missing, hindering our fundamental understanding and their further improvement. This work sheds light on the nature of adsorbates forming

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.261801.

Dense hydrous magnesium silicate MgSiO_{4}H_{2} is widely regarded as a primary water carrier into the deep Earth. However, the stability fields of MgSiO_{4}H_{2} based on the prevailing structure model are narrower than experimental results at relevant pressure and temperature (P-T) conditions, casting doubts about this prominent mineral as a water carrier into the great depths of the Earth. Here

Graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures take advantage of tailoring spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in the graphene layer by the proximity effect. At long wavelength-saddled by the electronic states near the Dirac points-the proximitized features can be effectively modeled by the Hamiltonian involving novel SOC terms and allow for an admixture of the tangential and radial spin-textures-by the so-called

Self-organizing spiral electrical waves are produced in the heart during fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Controlling these waves is therefore an essential step in managing the disease. Here we present an effective method for controlling cardiac spiral waves using optogenetics. The method involves using photons to actively scan the surface of the heart for phase singularities. Once detected, these phase

The nonrelativistic spin-splitting (NRSS) of electronic bands in "altermagnets" has sparked renewed interest in antiferromagnets (AFMs) that have no net magnetization. However, altermagnets with collinear and compensated magnetism are not the only type of NRSS AFMs. In this Letter, we identify the symmetry conditions and characteristic signatures of a distinct group of NRSS AFMs that go beyond the

Emerging applications of metasurfaces in classical and quantum optics are driving the need for precise polarization control of nearly-degenerate, high quality (Q)-factor modes. However, current approaches to creating specifically polarized pairs of modes force a trade-off between maintaining high Q factors and robustness. Here, we solve this challenge by employing pairwise generation, annihilation

Droplets should exhibit various dynamical phenomena when adhered to a surface; not all of them are realized in classical fluids. Visualization of superfluid ^{4}He pendant droplets revealed that the droplets were horizontally translated on a flat surface, bouncing off at the corner, known as the Noether mode that reflects the translation symmetry. The droplets exhibited another mode in vertical oscillations

Boson peaks are observed in glassy materials due to atom, spin, and strain disordered states that provide additional vibration modes at low temperatures. However, Boson peaks have not been observed in pure dipole disordered systems without structural disorder. Here, we report the observation of a Boson-peak-like hump in specific heat near 7 K in organic-inorganic hybrid crystal MA_{4}InCl_{7}(MA=CH_{3}NH_{3})

Oscillatory kinetics coupled to diffusion can produce traveling waves as observed in physical, chemical, and biological systems. We show experimentally that the properties of such waves can be controlled by fluid stretching and compression in a hyperbolic flow. Localized packet waves consisting in a train of parallel waves can develop due to a balance between diffusive broadening and advective compression

Quantum networks aim to enable quantum information tasks among multiple parties. Quantum conference key agreement (QCKA) is a typical task in quantum networks, which distributes information-theoretically secure keys among multiple users. However, QCKA relying on directly distributing Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states over long distances faces significant challenges due to the fragility of these

We present a high-precision atom-interferometric test of the parity-odd spin- and velocity-dependent (SVD) interaction between the spin-polarized proton and unpolarized nucleons. The test utilizes the Bragg atom interferometer loaded with ^{87}Rb atoms, of which the single unpaired proton within the nuclei plays the role of the test spin. The differential measurement of the acceleration of the atom