This study explores the impact of γ-rays on the aggregation structure and mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-CTFE)) copolymer. γ-Irradiation altered the polymer's aggregation structure, leading to notable changes in mechanical performance. FT-IR and NMR analysis confirmed dehalogenation and oxidation reactions upon irradiation, which triggered structural

The present study is dedicated to deriving radiation shielding and mechanical features of the tellurium dioxide-zinc oxide-nickel oxide (TeO2–ZnO–NiO) preferred glass systems. The radiation shielding and mechanical parameters have been obtained by leveraging the FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) approach and theoretical analysis. Attenuation factors have been carried out for different ratios of Te: Zn (i.e.,

The development of natural polymer-based biofilms with enhanced mechanical and barrier properties is of great interest for sustainable food packaging. This study explores the optimization of pectin/polyacrylamide (PEC/PAAm) biofilms via e-beam irradiation-induced copolymerization and crosslinking. Initial optimization of polymer concentration and pectin/acrylamide ratio at 10 kGy irradiation led to

The present study has reported the radiation shielding properties of polymeric composites adding tin oxide (SnO2) as a filler. For the purpose of assessing gamma-ray and neutron attenuation properties of the new unsaturated polyester resin composites with different SnO2 concentrations, samples were synthesized with successively increasing loadings of SnO2. Theoretical, simulated, and experimental evaluations

The green synthesis approach underscores the potential for sustainable and environmentally friendly methods in the development of advanced materials. In this study, we explore the synthesis and characterization of a series of ternary nanocomposites (NCs) such as CaO/Bi2O3/CuO (CBCO), CaO/Bi2O3/NiO (CBNO) and CaO/Bi2O3/B2O3 (CBBO) using an innovative Aloe vera-mediated solution combustion method. The

This study investigates the K-X-ray spectra of Ag–Cu alloys using Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence and Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectrometers. The research focuses on the detection limits of silver and copper, induced by a Rhodium X-ray tube, and explores the dependence of these limits on the sample matrix. Various detection limits, such as the Lower Limit of Detection, Instrumental

A set of 8 groups with 239 samples of a total of 49 types of different materials representative of the most commonly used construction materials in low-income dwellings in Brazil was collected from construction materials stores in the state of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). The radiometric analysis of the NORMs radionuclides (226Ra, 235U, 232Th, and 40K) in the samples was performed by gamma radiation spectrometry

EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) spectra of quartz samples, γ-irradiated with varying absorbed doses (0–8000 Gy), were measured at different temperature levels (294–94 K). The temperature dependence of the E1′, Ge, peroxy, Al, and Ti centers was systematically investigated, and a phenomenological model was developed to theoretically explain the temperature saturation phenomenon. The experimental

Monte Carlo simulations using the Geant4 toolkit are widely used in proton therapy to predict the dose distribution and secondary particle production. The choice of physics models used in the simulation can greatly affect the accuracy of the results. However, general hadronic models in Geant4 are not specifically tuned for medical physics regions and available experimental data are still limited. In

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy is now a mainstay in Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) and is applicable across several scientific disciplines requiring high sensitivity for detecting constituent elements in a material. While the technique is well established, the use of conventional broad-band spectrometers limits the ability for X-ray line separation for closely lying characteristic energies

Focusing on the excitonic effects, the present study deals with the sulfur K and L2,3 edge spectra of Janus zirconium and hafnium dichalcogenide monolayers and compares with those of the pristine zirconium and hafnium disulfide monolayers and bulks. The changes in the edge spectra are attributed to the changes in the crystal structure, symmetry, and electronic nature of studied dichalcogenides. The

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)-guided proton therapy has advanced significantly in pre-clinical stages. This study investigates the potential of multifunctional theranostic magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to enhance radiation dose while serving as MRI contrast agents. We propose MNP@Au nanoparticles, consisting of a magnetic core coated with a gold (Au) layer, and aim to optimize the Au layer thickness

A series of glasses with the chemical composition 15BaO–10Na2O–5Al2O3-(70-x)B2O3-xCaO, (x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol%) was prepared, and their radiation shielding characteristics were studied. The prepared glasses' basic attenuation factors were estimated using Phy-X program, utilizing the Eu-152 source. With the photon energy increasing from 0.122 to 1.458 MeV, a notable linear attenuation coefficient

Degradation of ibuprofen, triclosan, diclofenac, and ketoprofen in real wastewater effluent by gamma radiation/hydrogen peroxide was investigated on the basis of removal efficiencies, G-values, and kinetics. Gamma irradiation was performed using a60Co source irradiator in the presence of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. The analyses of the pollutants were performed before and after irradiation

The production of fluorine-18 represents a strong source of neutrons. Its characteristics are of interest for the community and for further applications. The neutron spectra of secondary neutrons from the reactions of protons on a 18O-enriched water target were acquired at ten different angles with stilbene scintillation spectrometry. The absolute neutron yield from the same target was measured using

The increasing demand for effective radiation shielding materials in different sectors, including medical, nuclear, and industrial applications, has promoted exploring new approaches for optimizing material properties. Mixed alkali glasses, such as those containing B2O3, SiO2, CaO and ZnO, offer a combination of protective and transparent properties, making them promising candidates for radiation shielding

In present work, the degradation of a steroid androgen, androstenedione (AD) in aqueous solution was investigated using both gamma ray and thermal activation persulfate (PS) processes. Gamma irradiation effectively degraded AD and the addition of PS synergistically improved the effect. The AD concentration decreased with increasing absorbed dose and PS dosage. The rate constant of AD degradation was

This study investigates the potential of activated charcoal derived from coconut shells as a sustainable material for absorbing and storing charges collected from scatter radiation, enabling the development of supercapacitors for green energy generation. As a byproduct of agriculture, coconut shells are presented here as an inexpensive, abundant, and innovative green resource for producing high-surface-area

The early DNA damage on the surface of the Moon due to GCR protons and alpha particles were assessed using a multiscale approach in Geant4. This consisted of three simulation stages. A periodic boundary conditions approach was used to obtain the radiation field on the surface and inside a proposed lunar habitat. The radiation field on the cellular scale was obtained in the organs of male and female

TEM, electron diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and electron energy loss spectroscopy characterization of a multilayer composite Ag/YBa2Cu3O6+δ/LaMnO3/MgO/Y2O3/Al2O3/Hastelloy after exposure to Xe and Kr ions with energies from E ≅ 0.04 to E ≅ 0.8 MeV/nucleon was carried out. Changes in the chemical composition, morphology and sizes of linear radiation defects, tracks, in the YBa2Cu3O6+δ

Radiation-induced caries is the most frequent adverse reaction for patients undergoing radiation treatment for neck and head malignancies. An understanding of how radiation exposure alters tooth structure can lead to the advancement of robust and efficient restorative dentistry approaches. In this work, chemical compositions along with microstructural characteristics of radiation-induced caries-affected

A key challenge in multi-energy X-ray inspection systems is the effect of object positioning on material discrimination accuracy. This study addresses the issue by conducting experiments with various materials placed at different positions. Four wedge-shaped samples were tested at different heights and angles within a standard dual-energy cargo inspection system. The results demonstrated that object

Neodymium ions (Nd³⁺) doped into quartz sand and silicate oxide-based glass mediums have been synthesized using the melt-quenching method. The resulting glass samples adhere to the chemical compositions of 5 quartz sand (QS) + 50 B₂O₃ + 10 BaO + 30 Na₂O + 0.5Nd₂O₃ and 5SiO₂ + 50B₂O₃ + 10BaO + 30Na₂O + 0.5Nd₂O₃. These glasses were characterized by density, refractive index, X-ray diffraction (XRD),

Cellulosic materials make up a significant fraction of the current low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste. During storage and disposal, radiolytic degradation of such materials is inevitable and can occur under both oxic and anoxic conditions. In addition, the highly alkaline cementitious environment of a disposal system promotes the alkaline degradation of cellulosic materials, producing r

Energy-resolving photon-counting detectors (ERPCDs) are expected to enable novel functional diagnosis using quantitative X-ray images such as effective atomic number (Zeff) images. In this simulation study, we sought to optimize the settings related to tube voltage and energy windows.

The charge state distribution of Si projectiles with energies ranging from 1.78 to 3.93 MeV/u, and initial charge states Sip+(p=4−10), was investigated after traversing a 10 μg/cm2 carbon foil. This study was focused on determining the relevant parameters of the outgoing projectile such as the charge state distribution fraction (Fq), the mean charge state (qm), distribution width (w), and asymmetric/skewness

The present study proposes and demonstrates stable passive mode-locking in a laser operating at a wavelength of 2.0 μm by coupling a vanadium carbide MXene/polyvinyl alcohol (V2C/PVA) film, acting as a saturable absorber (SA), into the cavity of a Thulium/Holmium co-doped fiber laser (THDFL). The V2C/PVA film was successfully fabricated through a solution casting method. Initially, the V2C MXene was

Absolute cross sections for electron impact ionization and dissociation of the planetary atmospherically important molecule, methane, have been measured in a wide energy range from 350 to 8000 eV using an ion momentum imaging spectrometer. The partial ionization cross sections (PICSs) of ionic fragments CH4+, CH3+, CH2+, CH+, C+, H+ and H2+, as well as five dissociation channels are obtained. The total

Three methods for the measurement of the radon activity concentration were compared in a series of measurements in the Slovak and Czech Republics. Two methods were based on solid-state nuclear track detectors, TASTRAK (PADC) and RamaRn (LR 115), the third method was based on a semiconductor detector (Airthings Corentium Home). Seven sites were selected for comparison, the measurements were carried

We fabricated 20Li2O–20B2O3–60SiO2 glasses by the melt quenching method and doped Tb with a variety of concentrations from 0.03 to 3.0 %. The Tb-doped glasses showed several sharp emission peaks derived from Tb3+ in the photoluminescence (PL) and the thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) spectra. The PL quantum yield decreased as the Tb concentration decreased. The PL decay times of the Tb-doped

This study investigates the impact of BaO as an additive on various radiation shielding parameters for recycled waste soda-lime silica glass (WSLSG) composites. Experimental gamma-ray attenuation measurements were performed using 137Cs and 60Co sources and BaO(x) [0.2Bi2O3-0.3ZnO-0.2B2O3-0.3SLS](1-x) glass composites (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.05 mol%) with a NaI(Tl) detector. Additionally

In this work, a low-cost radiation monitoring instrumentation for measuring the environmental gamma radioactivity together with some atmospheric parameters was designed and produced. The device has been built with market available components. The detector section of the device uses a Si-PIN photo-diode as an active element. A tiny current produced from the energy deposition of gamma rays in silicon

Lithium aluminum borate materials was made ready for dosimetric uses in radiation processes. In order to enhance the structural and dosimetric qualities, varying mole concentrations of gadolinium were added to samples of lithium aluminum borate materials. High temperature solid-state technique was used in producing the lithium aluminum borate material. The characterization of the material was archived

In this study, Monte Carlo codes FLUKA and GEANT4 were used to assess the angular variation in the response of CaSO4:Dy Teflon disc based TLD badge. These badges were positioned on various ISO phantoms to simulate the angular exposures ranging from 0° to 60° for photons within the energy range of 12.3 keV to 1.25 MeV, as well as for 90Sr/90Y and 106Rh/106Ru beta sources. Plots showing the TL response

In this work, the melt-quenching process was employed to prepare a new series of B2O3–BaO–Na2O–ZnO–CaO glass systems to explore their radiation-shielding properties. The samples studied were given the following code: G1, G2, G3 and G4. The effect of BaO and ZnO on the ability of the produced glasses to attenuate radiation was studied. The addition of ZnO and BaO led to enhanced glass density. For example

Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose F18 (18F-FDG) is the most common radiopharmaceutical use in PET/CT imaging for cancer staging. Although radiopharmaceutical for PET/CT examination has been acknowledged for its safety and efficacy, the internal dosimetry and effective dose (ED) from the examinations are rarely discussed. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate radiation ED and influencing factors of 18F-FDG

This study introduces the simulation framework THOR, which was designed to include the creation and transport of electrons and holes in pixelated semiconductors detectors used for x-ray imaging in the PENELOPE v. 2014 Monte Carlo code and its penEasy v.2015 extension. Following the simulation of radiation transport and energy deposition in the detector, the THOR code breaks down into electron-hole

In the following work we present a method for evaluating α and β indices intended for monitoring radionuclide contamination. For this purpose we used the novel μDOSE system calibrated for 3.00 g samples. Measurements were conducted for selected IAEA reference materials and for samples provided by the Central Mining Institute – National Research Institute (GIG-PIB) Katowice, Poland.

This study proposes a spectroscopic and non-invasive approach to measure the kVp of an X-ray tube using a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) coupled to a GaGG scintillator crystal. Several experimental setups were explored to assess the feasibility and performance in measuring the kVp based on international standards IEC 61267:2005 and IEC 61676:2002. The energy spectrum was obtained through pulse height

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) bio-composites play a prominent role in addressing the reparative and replacement needs of human bone and dental tissues. Despite the suboptimal mechanical characteristics inherent in pure HAP, strength and durability enhancements have been achieved by incorporating various alloys and materials. The provided study delves into the radiation shielding and mechanical attributes of

A program called MATXCOM was developed for the calculation of x-ray/gamma-ray interaction cross-sections, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half and tenth value layers (HVL and TVL), mean free path (MFP), total atomic and electronic cross-sections (ACS and ECS), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), effective conductivity (Ceff)

We report the photoluminescence (PL), thermoluminescence (TL), TL kinetics, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and thermally assisted OSL (TA-OSL) characterization of Al2O3:Mg,Y phosphor. PL studies result in the broad emission of Mg ion around 370–420 nm when excited by 330 nm wavelength. Its TL glow curve consists of two peaks at 120 and 240 °C. The TL kinetics parameters such as trap depth

Brain phantom gel materials are of critical importance for accuracy of dosimetry, treatment planning and quality assurance in radiotherapy. Development of reliable and realistic phantoms enhances improved radiotherapy practices. Gel dosimeters have unique property to record radiation dose distribution in three dimensions. Polymer gels also have added advantages for brachytherapy dosimetry. Objective

The n/γ ratio and minimum detectable dose (MDD) are two crucial parameters in the measurement of neutrons in a mixed field comprising both neutrons and gamma rays. In this study, four OSL neutron detectors based on 6LiF and very sensitive α-Al2O3:C powder with grain sizes of less than 100 and 38 μm, respectively, were developed. The first use of the detector pair comprised single-crystal α-Al2O3:C

Clay-based bricks are used worldwide in the construction industry due to their mechanical properties and durability. To design or evaluate the shielding of a room having a X-ray radiation source, is necessary to determine the walls thickness (barriers) necessary to reduce the dose due to primary, scattered and leakage radiation. For these calculations is required to know the dose transmission of room

Rare earth doped magnesium tetraborate (MgB4O7) has gained significant attention in the last decade as a prominent dosimetry material in thermally stimulated luminescence (TL) and, more recently, as a potential optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter. This report aims to provide a comprehensive review of the state of the art in doped MgB4O7 and to analyze the lessons learned from over 50 years of

This study investigated the degradation of the reactive dye RP-133 in aqueous solution using various hydrogen peroxide concentrations and gamma radiation doses (1–20 kGy). The solution's initial dye concentration and pH were optimized for the most effective degradation efficiency. The dye was treated with H2O2 and gamma radiation separately. At an acidic pH, an absorbed dose of 20 kGy, and 0.9 mL of

Ferrite nanoparticles are promising materials in various fields due to their unique magnetic and chemical stability, remarkable utilization in photocatalytic degradation, and ionizing radiation attenuation properties. So, in the present work, M0.45La0.1Fe1.45O4 (M = Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co) ferrite nanoparticles (MLF nanoparticles) have been explored as a means for improving optical, photocatalytic degradation

The present study investigates the impact of various body postures on dose assessment. Existing radiation protection systems that assume a standing posture are generally valid in most situations; however, they may not be effective in assessing the dose received by individuals in specific conditions such as radiation accidents. To address this, we used the Geant4 simulation code and mesh-type reference

Optical properties of insulators can be dominated by trace-level impurities and/or other defects that may be difficult to identify using direct chemical analysis. The present work investigates the origins of coloration in BaSO4 powders following exposure to high energy photons (1.33 and 1.17 MeV γ from a 60Co source)using a through the combination ofexperimental and computational predictions of defect

In thermoluminescence (TL) models, the competition between energy levels for electron trapping is a direct consequence of conduction band mediation in electron transport. From a theoretical perspective, these competitive effects are considered responsible for many TL phenomena. Furthermore, while they are easily detectable in simulation studies, there are no clear and reliable criteria for their experimental

This study explores an eco-friendly and efficient method for vulcanizing natural rubber latex using electron beam irradiation, enhanced by cross-linking agents. Unlike conventional sulfur vulcanization, electron beam vulcanization can occur at room temperature, reducing the need for chemical additives and eliminating toxic waste. Both experimental and theoretical studies were performed to evaluate

In this work, a theoretical simulation study using the FLUKA software was implemented to estimate the diverse values of radiation shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, μm, mean free path, MFP, atomic cross-section, σa, effective removal cross-sections for fast neutrons, ΣR, effective electron density, Neff, and effective atomic number, Zeff, for various composition concentrations

Uranium is a lithophile, reflecting its tendency to remain close to the earth's surface and be strongly bound to oxygen.

Stripped weakfish (Cynoscion guatucupa) fillets were packed and irradiated at 0, 1.5, 4, and 6.5 kGy. The behavior of total mesophilic and psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria, total and fecal coliforms, and Staphylococcus spp. was analyzed during 33 days at 4 ± 1 °C. Proximate chemical composition, pH, and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were determined. Sensory acceptability of cooked fillets was

Nowadays Si & SiO2 have been the most widely used materials in semiconductor devices as CPU and other various integrated circuit chips, utilized in aerospace electronic systems, and at the same time protons are important components of cosmic rays that can cause displacement damage in Si & SiO2. Therefore, it is essential to study the displacement damage of Si & SiO2 caused by protons. The software

Monte Carlo calculations are extensively used in the fields of nanodosimetry and DNA damage research. Presently, the focus of DNA repair simulation studies is predominantly on the temporal aspects of the repair process, the impact of radiation dose on DNA repair requires further investigation. Caenorhabditis elegans (C.elegans) is one of the important model organisms in radiation biology research,

Wastewater from the coal chemical industry contains large amounts of refractory organic compounds that pose a serious threat to the environment. This paper proposes a pre-treatment method based on gamma irradiation to improve the biodegradation characteristics of coal chemical industry wastewater. Samples containing phenol, hydroquinone, p-cresol, and quinoline were irradiated using 60Co gamma source

This paper presents the appraisal on the stabilization effects of some natural antioxidants, NAO (kelp, quercetin and rosemary extract) added in ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPR) subjected to an accelerated oxidative degradation initiated by γ-irradiation. The improvement contribution of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) in the coupling additives is also investigated. The applied experimental