Maintaining an acceptable quality of life worldwide increasingly depends on the availability of clean and cost-effective energy, with power consumption expected to double by 2050. Therefore, the need for sustainable and affordable green energy has spurred innovative electrocatalysis research with the goal to develop materials and processes that are capable of producing environmentally friendly, carbon-neutral, clean, and green hydrogen fuel as an alternative to fossil fuel. In particular, heterostructured catalysts consisting of transition metal oxides and sulfides have emerged as a capable component of green energy technology. The dual functionality of these catalysts allows for water splitting, while the selectivity of the catalytic materials creates synergetic effects based on their electronic structure, surface composition, and electrochemical surface area. In this review, we examine the latest research and developments, synthesis methods, design strategies, reaction mechanisms, and performance outcomes for oxide/sulfide heterostructures. The review begins by introducing the current demand for hydrogen energy and electrocatalytic water-splitting and then describes the fundamental design principles for oxide/sulfide heterostructures and their hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. A large part of the review is then dedicated to a comprehensive discussion of the various transition metal oxide/sulfide heterostructures designed for the OER, the HER, and two-electrode electrolyzer applications. In addition, the use of in situ and operando techniques, which provide crucial information for the design of effective electrocatalysts, is described. We also discuss the present status of electrocatalysis technology, including the challenges it faces and its future prospects as a means to achieve carbon-neutral hydrogen production. Overall, this review delivers a summary of the latest developments in electrocatalysis based on oxide/sulfide heterostructures for use in green hydrogen production.

中文翻译：

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非均相氧化物/硫化物材料作为用于碳中和绿色氢气生产的优质双功能电催化剂：简短回顾


在全球范围内维持可接受的生活质量越来越依赖于清洁和具有成本效益的能源的可用性，预计到 2050 年，电力消耗将翻一番。因此，对可持续和负担得起的绿色能源的需求刺激了创新的电催化研究，目标是开发能够生产环保、碳中和、清洁和绿色氢燃料作为化石燃料替代品的材料和工艺。特别是，由过渡金属氧化物和硫化物组成的异质结构催化剂已成为绿色能源技术的一个有能力的组成部分。这些催化剂的双重功能允许水分解，而催化材料的选择性则根据其电子结构、表面组成和电化学表面积产生协同效应。在这篇综述中，我们研究了氧化物/硫化物异质结构的最新研究和进展、合成方法、设计策略、反应机制和性能结果。综述首先介绍了当前对氢能和电催化分解水的需求，然后描述了氧化物/硫化物异质结构的基本设计原则及其析氢反应 （HER） 和析氧反应 （OER） 性能。然后，综述的很大一部分专门用于全面讨论为 OER、HER 和双电极电解槽应用设计的各种过渡金属氧化物/硫化物异质结构。此外，还描述了原位和原位技术的使用，这些技术为有效电催化剂的设计提供了关键信息。 我们还讨论了电催化技术的现状，包括它面临的挑战及其作为实现碳中和制氢手段的未来前景。总体而言，这篇综述总结了基于氧化物/硫化物异质结构的电催化在绿色氢气生产中的最新进展。