Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has revolutionized life sciences by overcoming the diffraction limit, enabling the visualization of biological structures at the nanoscale. Expansion Microscopy (ExM) has emerged as a powerful and accessible technique that enhances resolution by physically enlarging the specimen. Importantly, the principles of ExM provide a unique foundation for combinations with SRM

The nanoscale optical properties of high-quality MoS2 nanoribbons are investigated using THz nanoscopy based on a scattering-type scanning probe. The nanoribbons comprise a multilayer core, surrounded by monolayer edges. A featureless complex permittivity spectrum covering the range 0.6–1.6 THz is extracted from experimental time-domain measurements through a minimization procedure, adopting an extended

The confinement and manipulation of Janus particles have recently garnered significant interest due to their potential applications in fields such as nanotechnology and biophysics, where, under specific circumstances, they can act as microengines and drug carriers. However, the dynamics of Janus particles mostly rely on chemical reactions or thermal gradients, limiting their precision application.

Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetic materials with high ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc) are critical to the advancement of spintronic device technology. In this study, we present two stable room-temperature ferromagnetic carbides, namely, MC (M = Cr, Mn) monolayers, with Tc values of 384 and 391 K, respectively, along with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Furthermore

Twisted few-layer graphene (tFLG) has emerged as an ideal model system for investigating novel strongly correlated and topological phenomena. However, the experimental construction of tFLG with high structural stability is still challenging. Here, we introduce a highly accessible method for fabricating robust tFLG by polymer micro-tip manipulated origami. Through using a self-prepared polymer micro-tip—which

Human brain is capable of optimizing information flow and processing without energy-intensive data shuttling between processor and memory. At the core of this unique capability are billions of neurons connected through trillions of synapses—basic processing units of the brain. The action potentials or “spikes” based temporal processing using the regulated flow of ions across ion channels in neuron

The 2019 report of ferroelectricity in (Al,Sc)N [Fichtner et al., J. Appl. Phys. 125, 114103 (2019)] broke a long-standing tradition of considering AlN the textbook example of a polar but non-ferroelectric material. Combined with the recent emergence of ferroelectricity in HfO2-based fluorites [Böscke et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 102903 (2011)], these unexpected discoveries have reinvigorated studies

Recent studies have shown that low-symmetry conductors under static electric bias offer a pathway to realize chiral gain, where the non-Hermitian optical response of the material is controlled by the spin angular momentum of the wave. In this work, we uncover the topological nature of chiral gain and demonstrate how a static electric bias induces topological bandgaps that support unidirectional edge

Dry synthesis is a highly versatile method for the fabrication of nanoporous metal films, since it enables easy and reproducible deposition of single or multi-layers of nanostructured materials that can find intriguing applications in plasmonics, photochemistry and photocatalysis, to name a few. Here, we extend the use of this methodology to the preparation of copper nano-islands that represent an

Nonlinear optical effects such as frequency conversion form the basis for many practical light sources. In a variety of settings, the performance of such sources is limited by quantum noise. In many nonlinear systems, this quantum noise gets strongly amplified, as a result of the large sensitivity of the nonlinear dynamics to changes in the initial conditions − a feature common to many nonlinear systems

A transparent and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding thin film is fabricated through a two-step process involving magnetron sputtering of copper iodide (CuI), followed by sulfurization. This Cu–I–S compound effectively combines the high optical transparency of the CuI matrix with the enhanced electrical conductivity imparted by sulfur incorporation. The optical and electrical properties

Narrow-gap Fe-doped III–V ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs), such as (In,Fe)Sb, (Ga,Fe)Sb, and (In,Fe)Sb, are promising candidates for active semiconductor spintronic devices thanks to their high Curie temperature (TC). In this work, we show that by growing (Ga,Fe)Sb thin films by the step-flow mode on vicinal GaAs (100) substrates with a high off-angle of 10°, we can achieve high-quality (Ga0.76

Ultrafast dynamic wavefront control is pivotal for advancing photonics applications in LiDAR, high-resolution imaging, and quantum information processing. Conventional wavefront control techniques, such as mechanical beam steering and liquid-crystal-based modulators, are limited by slow response times and bulky configurations, making them unsuitable for high-speed, on-chip applications. In this work

We employ polarization tomography to characterize the modal properties of a dielectric nanocavity with sub-wavelength mode confinement. Our analysis of reflection spectra shows that the Fano-lineshape depends strongly on the polarization in a confocal configuration, and that the lineshape can be transformed into a Lorentzian-like peak for a certain polarization. For this polarization setting, the background

Optical trapping, also known as optical tweezing or optical levitation, is a technique that uses highly focused laser beams to manipulate micro- and nanoscopic particles. In optical traps driven by high-energy pulses, material non-linearity can result in unusual opto-mechanical effects, such as displaced equilibrium points. However, existing theoretical models of non-linear optical force on small particles

We demonstrate mid-infrared multiplexers based on evanescent couplers in In0.53Ga0.47As/InP ridge waveguides. Multiplexing of λ = 5.2 µm and λ = 8 µm input wavelengths in TM00 modes to a single TM00 output was achieved with 0.7 dB insertion loss. The demonstrated multiplexing bandwidth is significantly broader than is achievable using typical arrayed waveguide gratings, while displaying comparable

Metasurfaces have been widely exploited in imaging and sensing, holography, light–matter interaction, and optical communications in free space and on chip, thanks to their CMOS compatibility, versatility and compact form. However, as this technology matured from novelty to performance, stringent requirements on diffraction efficiency, scalability, and complex light control have also emerged. For instance

Recent research into solid-state qubits for quantum information science has focused on optically addressable spin defects such as the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond and the neutrally charged divacancy (VV) in 4H-SiC as scalable quantum sensors and networking qubits. Within this context, direct investigations of the structural origin and defect formation dynamics of a sub-set

In this Letter, the impact of 20 MeV proton irradiation on β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with field plates has been investigated. After proton irradiation with fluences of 2 × 1012 and 5 × 1012 p/cm2, the forward current density (JF) decreased from 294.0 to 250.5 and 192.0 A/cm2, respectively. The turn-on voltage (Von) increased from 0.78 to 0.82 and 0.84 V, as measured by current–voltage

We numerically investigate the behavior of a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier assuming a current–phase relation with a second-harmonic contribution. We find that varying the weight of harmonic terms in the Josephson current affects the gain profile. The analysis of gain characteristics, phase-space portraits, Poincaré sections, and Fourier spectra demonstrates that the nonsinusoidal contribution

As a promising alternative to conventional computing paradigms, the neuromorphic computing has been demonstrated by using various artificial synaptic devices. Due to the excellent capability for the conductance modulation, the ferroelectric thin film transistors (FeTFTs) have been shown as one of the promising candidates for artificial synaptic devices. In this work, the FeTFTs based on the lead zirconate

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have attracted considerable attention for carrier-selective passivation contacts in crystalline silicon (c-Si) heterojunction solar cells. Among them, zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) exhibits outstanding advantages, such as high permittivity, the presence of fixed negative charges, and high thermal stability. However, it is usually considered incapable of being used as passivation

Thin films composed of sputtered transition metal/rare earth (TM/RE) ferrimagnets have emerged as promising building blocks for future spintronic devices, offering tunable magnetic properties critical for data storage, memory, and logic applications. However, understanding how the combination of TM and RE elements influences effective magnetic properties, such as exchange stiffness (Aex), remains challenging

Characterizing a material's thermo-optic coefficient lays the foundation for optimizing thermal tuning of photonic integrated devices, a key feature for applications in optical communication, sensing, and signal processing. Unlike traditional bulk measurements, determining the thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) in microscale photonic devices offers significant advantages in data processing and provides

Functional oxides exhibit a diverse range of correlated electron phenomena, some of which are highly attractive for novel electronic, magnetic, and optical devices. Despite decades of advancement of our fundamental understanding of these materials, they consistently fall short of realizing their promise in functional devices. We identify a significant bottleneck toward device realization to be surface

SU(1,1) interferometers use two active parametric amplifiers to replace passive beam splitters of traditional interferometers for wave splitting and superposition. These interferometers involve quantum entangled signal and idler fields and possess a number of advantages over traditional interferometers. Here, we investigate a variant of the SU(1,1) interferometer by using only one parametric amplifier

The regulation of tunneling electroresistance (TER) in two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) is crucial for their practical applications. In this Letter, we introduce an innovative approach to manipulate TER by altering the interfacial contact barrier through polarization-induced modifications in interface transport properties. A comprehensive analysis of the electronic structures

Polarization is a fundamental property of light that can be engineered and controlled efficiently with optical metasurfaces. Here, we employ chiral metasurfaces with monoclinic lattice geometry and achiral meta-atoms for resonant engineering of polarization states of light. We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that a monoclinic metasurface can convert linearly polarized light into

The Rashba effect in Janus structures, accompanied by nontrivial topology, plays an important role in spintronics and even photovoltaic applications. Herein, through first-principles calculations, we systematically investigate the geometric stability and electronic structures of 135 kinds of Janus MAA'ZxZ'(4−x) family derived from two-dimensional MA2Z4 (M = Mg, Ga, Sr; A = Al, Ga; Z = S, Se, Te) monolayers

Magnons are the quanta of spin waves and transport angular momenta through magnetically ordered materials. They can be used to distribute and control on-chip GHz signals without charge flow, thereby avoiding Joule heating. Beyond multiplexed signal processing, filtering, and Boolean logic, they allow for hardware implementation of neural networks exploiting cascaded magnon scattering on the nanoscale

This Letter presents a tunable acoustic delay line (ADL) based on thermally controlled single-phase unidirectional transducers, fabricated on a 1 μm thick scandium-doped aluminum nitride (Al0.7Sc0.3N) thin film. The ADL operates at a center frequency (fc) of 715 MHz, determined by the lithography of the top electrode. The bottom electrode functions as a resistive structure, enabling localized heating

Charge injection is an important factor for the stable operation of power equipment and power system. Our experimental measurements reveal a charge injection barrier of ∼1.2 eV at the Al/Polyethylene (PE) interface. However, previous simulation studies, which accounted for physical and chemical defects, reported charge injection barriers ranging from 2.5 to 5 eV and deviate from our experimental findings

The synthesis of p-type two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor 2H-MoTe2 films on various dielectric substrates is essential for realizing multilayer architectures for electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, achieving high-efficiency and complete 2H phase fabrication on diverse substrates is challenging. In this study, a multipoint nucleation approach was proposed for achieving controlled phase

The primary challenge currently faced by bio-inspired polarized optical compasses lies in their poor environmental adaptability, resulting in low heading angle accuracy under complex weather conditions, such as cloudy and overcast days as well as when obscured by buildings. To enhance environmental adaptability, this paper first theoretically analyzes the impact of major atmospheric interference factors

Strain engineering is a promising strategy for tailoring the properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Despite the challenge of interlayer cleavage due to weak van der Waals interactions, by using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that large uniaxial tensile strain can be applied to black phosphorus (BP) not only along the zigzag (ZZ) and armchair (AC) directions but also

Tunnel-magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors based on magnetic tunnel junctions are emerging spintronic devices that are promising for applications to wearable bio-magnetic-field monitoring systems. Targeting bio-magnetic fields from the human heart and brain requires TMR sensors with sub-pT detectivity at frequencies of 1–1000 Hz. In this article, technical strategies for achieving such detectivity from

Altermagnetism, a recently identified form of unconventional antiferromagnetism (AFM), enables the removal of spin degeneracy in the absence of net magnetization that provides a platform for the low power consumption and ultra-fast device applications. However, a little attention has been paid to the relationship between stacking, strain, and altermagnet, the multipiezo effect, and the topological

The Rashba effect, induced by the spin–orbit coupling and the broken inversion symmetry, has been regarded as an effective strategy to increase thermoelectric performance due to enhanced band degeneracy. We herein use first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory to explore the thermoelectric properties of 2D Janus RbKNaBi. It is found that 2D RbKNaBi is a Rashba semiconductor with a

Characterizing electric field noise in diamond is crucial for utilizing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers as probes and qubits. However, NV centers under axial magnetic fields are sensitive to magnetic fields and thus are limited in their ability to characterize electric fields directly. In this study, we engineered NV centers exhibiting strong intrinsic effective electric fields through ion implantation

The synthesis of two-dimensional AgCr2S4 has generated significant interest in AM2X4 type non-van der Waals materials. AM2X4 monolayer breaks the central inversion symmetry of the system by intercalation, resulting in intrinsic multiferroicity. Based on recent experimental achievements of the FeS2 monolayer, we predict two intrinsic multiferroic materials: CuFe2S4 and CuFe2Se4. Utilizing first-principles

We analyze the time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) from the bulklike continuum of excited states of 450 nm emitting InGaN/GaN device structures that are based on wide quantum wells with 25 nm thickness. In its spectrally integrated form, the PL behaves as if it were dominated by radiative recombination, including an almost exponential decay reflecting the radiative lifetime. If the PL is resolved

The controllability of magnetic order and magnetic anisotropy in van der Waals magnets is crucial for 2D spintronic applications. Based on the recent experimental few-layer FeCl2 [Zhou et al., ACS Nano 18, 10912 (2024) and Jiang et al., ACS Nano 17, 1363 (2023)], in this Letter, we use first-principles to systemically explore the effects of electric field and strain on magnetic order, magnetic anisotropy

The sensing performance of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) magnetic sensors is investigated in terms of their sensitivity, the power spectrum of their voltage noise, and their detectivity. Special attention is paid to the effect of the second-order anisotropy constant, K2, on the sensing performance. It is found that the sensitivity is strongly enhanced by tuning the value of K2 close to the boundary between

The rapid advancement of technology has positioned devices based on two-dimensional materials as a key solution to overcoming the limitations of traditional semiconductor materials. Among these, the ferroelectric compound CuInP2S6 (CIPS) has attracted significant attention for its multiple ferroelectric polarization states. However, its structural complexity, particularly its susceptibility to copper

The discrimination between odd and even carbon chain molecules is crucial in detecting odd chain metabolites resulting from impaired biosynthetic processes. However, the discrimination of these metabolomes via gas sensors presents significant challenges due to the lack of connection between material–gas interaction and odd–even carbon chain molecules. In this study, a homologous series of 1-alcohols

Terahertz vortex beams, carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), are quite desirable for enhancing data transmission capability in telecommunication. However, it faces fundamental and technical challenges in a single metasurface to simultaneously generate orthogonal basis vortices with linear polarization (x- and y-polarity) and circular polarization (left- and right-handed polarity) under the orthogonal

Graphene hosts massless Dirac fermions owing to its linear electronic band structure. This distinctive feature underpins its extraordinary electronic properties, correlating to strong light–matter interactions on an extreme subwavelength scale. Over the past decade, intensive investigations have transitioned from fundamental graphene’s optical properties to practical application with the integration

We demonstrate thin-film surface acoustic wave (TF-SAW) phononic crystals (PnCs) by etching a square lattice array of micropores into a 300 nm LiNbO3-on-SiC substrate, harnessing the remarkable properties of Love modes. Our design enables tailorable bandgaps from 2.026 to 2.347 GHz (approximately 15% bandwidth) along Γ-X, extending up to 3.167 GHz along Γ-M, with experimental measurements confirming

The arrayed single-photon sources fabricated by introducing point-like strain perturbations in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted widespread attention due to their nanoscale localization precision, which offers significant advantages in practical applications. However, to date, there has been no related research in quantum wells (QWs), which are also two-dimensional

The modulation of the interfacial chiral magnetic exchange interaction, i.e., Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), is promising to realize ultralow-power information storage or logic devices. Recently, researchers used Brillouin light scattering to demonstrate that mechanical strain can be used to modulate the DMI in Pt/Co/Pt and switch its sign, i.e., the chirality. Toward practical storage applications

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators are versatile and miniaturized devices capable of resonating at specific frequencies for numerous technological applications. Quality (Q) factor and frequency stability are two critical parameters that determine the performance of MEMS resonators. A higher Q-factor typically translates to narrower resonance peaks, leading to improved sensitivity in sensing

Controlling ionic transport in liquids is anticipated to provide new scientific and technological opportunities, but it requires accurate knowledge of atomic-scale dynamics of ions beyond the hydrodynamic description. Atomic dynamics in liquids is characterized by strong and dynamical correlations among atoms, which render a conventional approach to describing the dynamics in reciprocal space challenging

Hydrogen adsorption in two-dimensional materials offers a promising strategy to tailor electronic and magnetic properties. Here, first-principles calculations reveal that low-concentration hydrogen functionalization in monolayer WSe2 induces robust spin polarization, particularly at Se vacancy site, leading to a bipolar magnetic semiconducting state with localized impurity states near the Fermi level

Nanostructures have low frequency vibrational modes corresponding to changes in size and shape. When two structures are brought together, these modes can couple to each other, producing mixed states that have shifted vibrational frequencies. The frequency shifts in different systems have been analyzed using the coupled harmonic oscillator model, as well as by analytical and numerical continuum mechanics

This paper presents a hybrid two-dimensional (2D) microstructure, consisting of an Ag layer and a GaAs dielectric sandwich, which enhances sensing capabilities by exciting surface plasmon resonance in the metal layer, distinguishing it from conventional guided mode resonance structures. The absorption peak reaches a maximum of 99.8% with a full width at half maximum of 0.18 THz. We analyze the electric

In this Letter, a Clivia-like piezoelectric wind energy harvester (CL-PWEH) using an overlapping multi-sheet structure is presented to enhance the robustness of wind-induced vibration energy harvesters at the unpredictable wind scenarios. The CL-PWEH was characterized by piezoelectric vibrators independent of the main vibration beam, Clivia-leaf-style vibrators, and rigid-flexible contact plucking

Intrinsic point defects under lattice strain play a pivotal role in determining the optoelectronic performance of perovskite solar cells. Using the first-principles method, the effects of uniaxial and volumetric strain on the formation energies of common defects in γ-CsPbI3 were investigated. The results reveal that tensile strain enhances the formation energy of vacancy defects, including VI and VPb

The development of high-voltage GaN-on-Si power devices is hindered by vertical breakdown of buffer layer. Implementing a floating substrate configuration could improve vertical breakdown voltage. Despite this advantage, devices with a floating substrate exhibit severe dynamic RON degradation due to the back-gating effect and the consequent severe buffer trapping. In this work, a 900-V GaN-on-Si power

Excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit high oscillator strength and intrinsic losses. This property makes TMD materials favorable for studying light–matter interactions and enhancing light absorption. Here, we propose a strategy to achieve significantly enhanced absorption in a TMD-based metasurface. We demonstrate a nanodisk array composed of bulk TMD materials, enabling the excitation