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Low charge noise quantum dots with industrial CMOS manufacturing npj Quantum Inform. (IF 6.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 A. Elsayed, M. M. K. Shehata, C. Godfrin, S. Kubicek, S. Massar, Y. Canvel, J. Jussot, G. Simion, M. Mongillo, D. Wan, B. Govoreanu, I. P. Radu, R. Li, P. Van Dorpe, K. De Greve
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Carbon-based implantable bioelectronics Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Shan Liu, Xue Li, Li Gan, Sutong Liu, Hongzhi Luo, Xiaoxin Du, Samah A. Loutfy, Hong Tan, Jinhong Guo, Chenzhong Li
Real-time health monitoring and precision treatment are important in the biomedical field. Researchers have focused on unique gadgets with peculiar functions, which have emerged from the merging of electronic components with biological systems. Because implantable bioelectronics can sense bodily information or elicit bodily reactions in living creatures from sites outside the body, they are becoming
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Glows, arcs, ohmic discharges: An electrode-centered review on discharge modes and the transitions between them Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 André Anders
Ever since they have been studied, gas discharges have been classified by their visual appearance as well as by their current and voltage levels. Glow and arc discharges are the most prominent and well-known modes of discharges involving electrodes. In a first approximation, they are distinguished by their current and voltage levels, and current–voltage characteristics are a common way to display their
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Characterization of a graphene-hBN superlattice field effect transistor Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Won Beom Choi, Youngoh Son, Hangyeol Park, Yungi Jeong, Junhyeok Oh, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, Joonho Jang
Graphene provides a unique platform for hosting high quality 2D electron systems. Encapsulating graphene with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to shield it from noisy environments offers the potential to achieve ultrahigh performance nanodevices, such as photodiodes and transistors. However, the absence of a bandgap at the Dirac point presents challenges for using this system as a useful transistor. In
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Measurement of spin-polarized photoemission from wurtzite and zinc blende gallium nitride photocathodes Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 S. J. Levenson, M. B. Andorf, B. D. Dickensheets, I. V. Bazarov, A. Galdi, J. Encomendero, V. V. Protasenko, D. Jena, H. G. Xing, J. M. Maxson
Spin-polarized photoemission from wurtzite and zinc blende gallium nitride (GaN) photocathodes has been observed and measured. The p-doped GaN photocathodes were epitaxially grown and activated to negative electron affinity with a cesium monolayer deposited on their surfaces. A field-retarding Mott polarimeter was used to measure the spin polarization of electrons photoemitted from the top of the valence
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Multi-channel GaN varactors and their current conduction mechanisms Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Wensong Zou, Jiawei Chen, Xiaoxiang Hou, Peng Xiang, Kai Cheng, Qingfeng Zhang, Jun Ma
In this work, we demonstrate multi-channel GaN varactors with enhanced quality-factor (Q-factor) and cutoff frequency (f0) and present a comprehensive investigation of their current conduction mechanisms. The varactors were based on 1x-, 2x-, and 3x-channel GaN-on-SiC epitaxy with excellent channel conductivity, showing great enhancement of ∼270% both in Q-factor and in f0, thanks to the reduced resistance
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Fabrication and characterization of low loss niobium airbridges for superconducting quantum circuits Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Hao-Ran Tao, Chi Zhang, Lei Du, Xin-Xin Yang, Liang-Liang Guo, Yong Chen, Hai-Feng Zhang, Zhi-Long Jia, Wei-Cheng Kong, Peng Duan, Guo-Ping Guo
Airbridges are extensively employed in superconducting quantum circuits to suppress parasitic slotline modes in coplanar waveguide and minimize crosstalk between control lines. Here, we introduce a fabrication technique for airbridges, leveraging niobium as the bridge layer and aluminum as the sacrificial layer to preclude the introduction of lossy dielectrics or residues upon release. Additionally
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Independently regulating the electric and magnetic properties of flaky FeSiAl powder based composites for high-performance microwave absorber Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Jinwen Hu, Zhengying Wu, Zhengsheng Huang, You Wu, Jiayi He, Yi Wang, Wenbo Ju, Xichun Zhong, Zhongwu Liu
Flaky structures can effectively enhance the microwave absorbing properties of metallic magnetic particles, but the interaction between the electromagnetic waves and particles in different directions is not well understood. Here, the oriented FeSiAl/paraffin composites were prepared under a rotational magnetic field and made into co-axial rings for electromagnetic measurements. The FeSiAl flakes in
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Minimum dimensionless pressure technique for the indirect measurement of contact angles on super-hydrophobic surfaces Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Juan Valentin Escobar
Measuring contact angles (CAs) on super-hydrophobic surfaces (CA ≥150°) can be challenging using traditional methods. In this work, we develop an alternative technique to measure CAs indirectly by measuring the minimum of the dimensionless hydrostatic pressure of a droplet as it de-wets a surface. This technique does not require measuring the slope of the profile close to the three-phase contact line
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In situ nanoscopy of single-grain nanomorphology and ultrafast carrier dynamics in metal halide perovskites Nat. Photon. (IF 32.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 M. Zizlsperger, S. Nerreter, Q. Yuan, K. B. Lohmann, F. Sandner, F. Schiegl, C. Meineke, Y. A. Gerasimenko, L. M. Herz, T. Siday, M. A. Huber, M. B. Johnston, R. Huber
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Transformation of a cellular skyrmion to polyomino-like structures Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Jing Xia, Xichao Zhang, Yan Zhou, Xiaoxi Liu, Guoping Zhao, Masahito Mochizuki
Topological spin structures with transformable shapes may have potential implications for data storage and computation. Here, we demonstrate that a square cellular skyrmion on an artificial grid pinning pattern can be manipulated by programmed current pulses. We find that parallel short pulses could result in elongation of the skyrmion mainly in the current direction, while parallel long pulses are
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Fast and high-responsivity MoS2/MoSe2 heterostructure photodetectors enabled by van der Waals contact interfaces Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Huijuan Zhao, Yufan Wang, Senyao Tang, Yamin Cheng, Shuhan Li, Jiaxuan Wang, Xiaohan Guo, Weiqi Wang, Qiyuan Zhou, Fengyuan Xuan, Yuanfang Yu, Li Gao
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are ideal candidates for building optoelectronic devices, owing to their fascinating photoelectric properties. However, most photodetectors based on individual 2D materials face difficulties in achieving both high responsivity and fast response. In this paper, we have fabricated high-quality vertically stacked MoS2/MoSe2 van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures using dry
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Cell integrity maintenance and genetic transfection of protoplasts in an acoustofluidic system Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Xiaotian Shen, Jieyi Zhang, Tianjiao Zhang, Shuaiqi Wang, Ziyu Han, Jiehua Wang, Xuexin Duan
Hydrodynamic force loading platforms based on acoustofluidics have been developed to study the mechanical deformation of cancer cells and to control cell behavior. However, so far there have been no experimental measurements on living plant cells using such an acoustic approach. Unique structures, including cell walls, allow plant cells to exhibit more variation in mechanical resistance. In this work
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Catalyst–sulfur bidirectional stimulation to accelerate redox kinetics for high-performance cryogenic lithium-sulfur batteries Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yang Zhou, Siyi Qian, Jinqiu Zhou, Lifang Zhang, Yu Cheng, Jie Liu, Chenglin Yan, Tao Qian
The development of cryogenic lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) suffers from the sluggish reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of polysulfide. In order to accelerate the redox process and improve the utilization rate of elemental sulfur at the low temperature, we first propose catalyst–sulfur bidirectional stimulation to accelerate redox kinetics for high-performance cryogenic LSBs. Theoretical calculation
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Wafer-scale bonded GaN–AlN with high interface thermal conductance Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Man Li, Kaicheng Pan, Yijun Ge, Kenny Huynh, Mark S. Goorsky, Timothy S. Fisher, Yongjie Hu
Wide and ultrawide bandgap semiconductors, such as GaN, play a crucial role in high-power applications, yet their performance is often constrained by thermal management challenges. In this work, we introduce a high-quality interface between GaN and AlN, prepared through wafer-scale bonding and verified via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and transport experiments. We experimentally
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Au ion irradiation induces ultralow thermal conductivity in GaN Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Wujuan Yan, Yuanyuan Xue, Wenjiang Zhou, Yuxi Wang, Haichang Guo, Han Yang, Hongcai Yang, Zhiyao Jiang, Lili Ding, Wei Chen, Bo Shen, Xuelin Yang, Bai Song
Gallium nitride (GaN) is widely considered as a crucial semiconductor for the nuclear industry and space explorations due to its superior radiation hardness. Despite extensive studies of the electronic and optical properties of irradiated GaN, the effects of particle irradiation on the thermal properties remain largely unexplored. Here, we begin with single-crystalline GaN and employ an accelerator
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Threshold voltage modulation on a CTL-based monolithically integrated E/D-mode GaN inverters platform with improved voltage transfer performance Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yang Jiang, FangZhou Du, KangYao Wen, Yi Zhang, MuJun Li, ChuYing Tang, ChenKai Deng, WenYue Yu, ZhongRui Wang, Qing Wang, HongYu Yu
This work demonstrates a high-performance monolithically integrated GaN inverters platform, which incorporates enhancement-mode (E-mode) and depletion-mode (D-mode) GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) simultaneously using an Al:HfOx-based charge trapping layer. The developed E-mode HEMT exhibits a positive threshold voltage of 2.6 V, a high ON–OFF current ratio of 1.9 × 108, a current density
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Anticancer transmission effects induced by hybrid plasma bubble-activated medium Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 He Zhu, Yujing Xu, Tong Wu, Renwu Zhou, Hao Zhang, Dingxin Liu, Mingzhe Rong, Xiaojian Yang, Patrick J. Cullen
As an indirect application of cold atmospheric plasma, the use of plasma-activated solutions has recently attracted significant attention for intracavity tumor perfusion therapy. Here, an underwater plasma-bubble reactor with three discharge modes was applied to activate a cell culture medium, with the aim of inhibiting the growth of bladder cancer T24 cells in vitro. The results showed that although
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Carrier diffusion in long wavelength InGaN quantum well LEDs after injection through V-defects Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Rinat Yapparov, Tanay Tak, Jacob Ewing, Feng Wu, Shuji Nakamura, Steven P. DenBaars, James S. Speck, Saulius Marcinkevičius
The efficiency of operation of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) to a large degree relies on realization of a uniform hole distribution between multiple quantum wells (QWs) of the active region. Since the direct thermionic transport between the QWs is inefficient, the hole injection through semipolar 101¯1 QWs that form on the facets of V-defects has been suggested as an alternative approach.
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Spin Hall effect in doped ferroelectric HfO2 Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Qin Zhang, Xu Chen, Yue Yu, Huinan Li, Mingbo Dou, G. Gurung, Xianjie Wang, L. L. Tao
The spin Hall effect (SHE) enables charge-to-spin conversion by electrical means and is promising for spintronic applications. Here, we report on the intrinsic spin Hall effect in the prototypical ferroelectric material HfO2 with charge doping using density functional theory calculations and theoretical analysis. We show that ferroelectric displacements are insensitive to charge doping and are sustained
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Abnormal endothermic liquid–liquid phase transition upon cooling Pd40Ni40P20 melts Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Pengfei Yu, Xiujun Han, Mingxu Xia, Huanyi Zhou, Saichao Cao, Yimeng Zhao, Long Zeng, Jianguo Li
Liquid–liquid phase transition (LLPT) is the transformation of a liquid from one distinctive structure to another with the same composition. However, the origin of the structural variation at LLPT is still controversial. Here, we used ab initio molecular dynamics simulation to verify and investigate a high-temperature LLPT in a Pd40Ni40P20 melt; this melt showed a reduction in the nuclei interference
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Manipulating the metal–insulator transitions and thermoelectric bi-functionality for correlated vanadium dioxide pellets Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Xuanchi Zhou, Yongjie Jiao, Haifan Li
The electron correlations as triggered by on-site Coulomb repulsion within correlated vanadium dioxide (VO2) open up an emerging paradigm to explore new electronic phases and promising device applications. Apart from correlated electrical transport, the thermoelectric thermopower (S) of VO2 also undergoes abrupt variation across the critical temperature (TMIT) that sheds lights on the potential thermoelectric
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Laser-induced periodic surface structures on Fe ion doped LN crystal for pyroelectric SERS analysis Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yingying Ren, Shenglin Luo, Peng An, Lina Zhao, Yangjian Cai, Zhen Li
We proposed a sensor architecture for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on Fe ion doped LN (FLN) crystal, which was modified by large-area laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) and subsequently decorated with Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs). Based on such a FLN/LIPSS/Ag substrate, strikingly boosted SERS enhancement was obtained at constant temperature owing to the LIPSS-related
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Influence of heat transfer at the graphene–polyimide interface on laser-induced graphene formation Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Won Gyun Park, Jeong-Hyeon Park, Sang-Chan Park, Kiwan Kim, Eun-Ho Lee, Jae-Hyuk Ahn
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) provides a three-dimensional porous structure of graphene, which is suitable for application to energy storage devices and flexible electronics. Controlling the morphology and structure of LIG and understanding its underlying principle are important for enhancing the performance of LIG-based devices. Here, we investigated the effects of graphene interfacing with a precursor
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Tunable thermal expansion via the magnetic phase competition in kagome magnets Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yongqiang Qiao, Irfan Liaquat, Yuhao Zhu, Juan Guo, Erjun Liang, Qilong Gao
Negative thermal expansion materials can solve the challenge of mismatched coefficients of thermal expansion of components in precision instruments, thereby improving the thermal shock resistance of devices. The adjustment of negative thermal expansion performance can improve the universality of its application. In this work, tunable thermal expansion has been achieved in Hf1−xTaxFe2 kagome magnets
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Charge-parity switching effects and optimisation of transmon-qubit design parameters npj Quantum Inform. (IF 6.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Miha Papič, Jani Tuorila, Adrian Auer, Inés de Vega, Amin Hosseinkhani
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Revealing the three-dimensional structure of microbunched plasma-wakefield-accelerated electron beams Nat. Photon. (IF 32.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Maxwell LaBerge, Brant Bowers, Yen-Yu Chang, Jurjen Couperus Cabadağ, Alexander Debus, Andrea Hannasch, Richard Pausch, Susanne Schöbel, Jessica Tiebel, Patrick Ufer, Anna Willmann, Omid Zarini, Rafal Zgadzaj, Alex H. Lumpkin, Ulrich Schramm, Arie Irman, M. C. Downer
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Electrode materials and structures in UV photodetectors Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Weixin Ouyang, Mingmin Zhang
Electrodes can be recognized as the bridges between photodetectors (PDs) and outer measurement circuits. The interfacial electric properties between electrodes and sensitive materials would dominate the separation and collection of photo-induced charge carrier, which are recognized as one of the critical factors influencing the photo-detecting performance. In this paper, the electrode materials used
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Tailoring lyotropic liquid crystals for skin barrier penetration: Exploring composition and structure–function relationships Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Sakshi Priya, Vaibhavi Meghraj Desai, Gautam Singhvi
Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) have garnered attention as a promising nanocarrier delivery system for enhancing skin permeation owing to their unique structural properties, such as improved drug loading and controlled drug release and versatility. LLCs are greatly explored for topical drug delivery owing to their strong bio-adhesive nature and structural similarity to the biological membranes when
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Navigating challenges and solutions in quantitative photoacoustic imaging Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Ruochong Zhang, Rabia'tul A'dawiah, Tristan Wen Jie Choo, Xiuting Li, Ghayathri Balasundaram, Yi Qi, Yonggeng Goh, Renzhe Bi, Malini Olivo
Photoacoustic imaging, an emerging modality that seamlessly combines advantages of optical absorption contrast and ultrasound resolution, holds great promise for noninvasive imaging of biological tissues. Its applications span across diverse fields, such as dermatology, oncology, cardiology, and neurology. However, achieving accurate image reconstruction and physiological parameters quantification
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Effects of polar discontinuities and stacking sequences on ferromagnetic properties at La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/SrCuO2 interfaces Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Jian Zhang, Haoliang Huang, Zhangzhang Cui, Zheling Shan, Lenan Wang, Yanli Luo, Zhongyuan Jiang, Jianlin Wang, Qiuping Huang, Zhengping Fu, Yalin Lu
Polar discontinuities occur in oxide heterostructures due to varying net charges in the sub-unit cell layers. These polar discontinuities lead to structural reconstruction and often create diverse functionalities. This work constructs polar discontinuous in La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/SrCuO2 (LSMO/SCO) heterostructures on a (001)-orientated SrTiO3 (STO) substrate under different configurations. By changing the
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Large-scale simulation of thermal conductivity in CaSiO3 perovskite with neuroevolution potential Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Feiyang Xu, Dong Wang, Zhiguo Li, Hongxing Song, Lei Liu, Huayun Geng, Jianbo Hu, Xiangrong Chen
Lattice thermal conductivity (klat) of mantle minerals is a key factor in determining the Earth's energy budget and influences its dynamic processes. Here, we trained a neuroevolution machine learning potential for CaSiO3 perovskite (CaPv), the third most abundant mineral of the lower mantle, to investigate the klat of pyrolitic aggregates at the core–mantle boundary (CMB). We show that the klat of
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Efficient extreme ultraviolet emission by multiple laser pulses Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Tsukasa Sugiura, Hayato Yazawa, Hiroki Morita, Kazuyuki Sakaue, Daisuke Nakamura, Eiji J. Takahashi, Atsushi Sunahara, Gerry O'Sullivan, Shinichi Namba, Takeshi Higashiguchi
We demonstrated an efficient extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source at a wavelength of 13.5 nm using spatially separated multiple solid-state-laser pulse irradiation. The maximum conversion efficiency (CE) achieved was 3.8% for ±30° oblique laser pulse injection, which was about twice as high as that for single laser pulse irradiation of 1.7%, with an EUV source size of about 100 μm for two spatially separated
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Enhancement of terahertz emission during single-color filamentation by chirping laser pulse Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 G. Rizaev, D. Pushkarev, M. Levus, N. Vrublevskaya, L. Seleznev
We experimentally demonstrate that terahertz emission yield from single-color filament plasma can be increased by more than 3 times by ordinary laser pulse chirping at constant energy. The enhancement is spectrally selective, for each terahertz frequency there is an optimal laser pulse duration providing maximal terahertz emission. This provides a prospective tool for tailoring both spectrum and energy
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Superconducting diode effect in two-dimensional topological insulator edges and Josephson junctions Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 H. Huang, T. de Picoli, J. I. Väyrynen
The superconducting diode effect—the dependence of critical current on its direction—can arise from the simultaneous breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetry in a superconductor and has gained interest for its potential applications in superconducting electronics. In this Letter, we study the effect in a two-dimensional topological insulator (2D TI) in both a uniform geometry as well as in
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Optimized SnO2 preparation and coherent interlayers for enhanced charge dynamics and efficient perovskite photovoltaics Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Xiangyang Liu, Qinglei Gu, Xinsheng Liu, Fumin Li, Xingyuan Tian, Chaoran Qin, Chaofan Wang
The dense, uniform and conformal electron transport layers (ETLs) will largely promote charge separation and extraction. Here, the mixed acid (hydrochloric acid and nitric acid) was used to regulate preparation process and enhance utilization of materials, and the colloids of tin oxide (SnO2) nanocrystals were prepared through hydrothermal process. The complete dissolution of Sn source can increase
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Regulation of chiral structure and spin polarization by circularly polarized light and electric field in copolymers Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Renjie Hu, Xiangqian Lu, Wei Qin
Combining chirality with ferromagnetism is challenging in organic materials and may bring potential application for the cross-integration of multiple disciplines. In this work, we achieved the intrinsic coexistence of chirality and spontaneous spin polarization in the diblock copolymers, where left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized lights present tunability on both the circular dichroism
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Distinct CO2-run-out regime from steric effect of electric double layer in electrochemical CO2 reduction Appl. Phys. Rev. (IF 11.9) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Longfei Chen, Hao Feng, Ying Zhang, Dong Liu, Qiang Li
The field of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) is pursuing high operating current densities, eventually controlled by CO2 transport. Here, we develop a new multiscale modeling approach that is able to more generally describe the effects of the electric double layer (EDL) on CO2 transport over a wide potential window extending to utmost potentials. By leveraging it, we identify a distinct
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Effect of tensile and compressive strain on the gate leakage current and inverse piezoelectric effect in AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Yiqun Zhang, Hui Zhu, Xing Liu, Zhirang Zhang, Chao Xu, Keyu Ren, Chunsheng Guo, Yamin Zhang, Lixing Zhou, Shiwei Feng
The influence of external strain on the gate leakage current of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors was studied. The magnitude of the leakage current increased by 39% under 0.1% tensile strain but decreased by 23% under −0.1% compressive strain. The leakage current obeyed the Poole–Frenkel conduction mechanism, demonstrating a decrease/increase in the barrier height for electron emission from
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Spin state driven weighted mobility and thermal conductivity properties of electron (Hf) doped strongly correlated Mott insulator LaCoO3 for thermoelectric applications Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Mohamed Jibri K. P., Simon Sajan John, Archana J., Harish S., Navaneethan M.
Here, we report the temperature-dependent electrical resistivity and thermopower of hole (Sr) and electron (Hf) doped LaCoO3 in the range of 303–753 K. With increasing temperature, the insulating behavior (303–503 K) with dominance of small polaron hopping to metallic transition (>503 K) is observed. The electron doped sample shows an insulating behavior (19.5 Ω cm) and positive thermopower (139 μV
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In situ grazing incidence synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies on the wakeup effect in ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Dante Ahn, Gopinathan Anoop, Jun Young Lee, Youngin Goh, WooJun Seol, Sanjith Unithrattil, Shibnath Samanta, Je Oh Choi, Seong Min Park, Su Yong Lee, Hyeon Jun Lee, Jong Bae Park, Sanghun Jeon, Ji Young Jo
The discovery of ferroelectricity in HfO2 ultrathin films has gathered considerable interest from the microelectronic industry owing to their compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology. However, a significant challenge in utilizing HfO2 thin films for commercial devices is the wakeup effect, which is an increase in polarization with the number of electric field cycles in
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Vacuum deposition of χ(2) nonlinear organic single crystal films on silicon Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Nina Krainova, Holly M. Johnson, Raju Lampande, Siyu Gao, Noa Marom, Barry P. Rand, Noel C. Giebink
Integrating second order nonlinear (χ(2)) optical materials on chip is an ongoing challenge for Si photonics. Noncentrosymmetric molecular crystals have the potential to deliver high χ(2) nonlinearity with good thermal stability, but so far have been limited to growth from solution or the melt, which are both difficult to control and scale up in manufacturing. Here, we show that large (>100 μm) single
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Micropillar compression of single-crystal single-phase (Co, Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn)O Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Jacob E. Norman, Xin Wang, Alexander D. Dupuy, Julie M. Schoenung
Bulk, polycrystalline (Co, Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn)O was synthesized using solid-state sintering. Micropillars were prepared and mechanically deformed along three crystallographic orientations: (001), (101), and (111). Pillars (001) and (111) cracked, while Pillar (101) remained intact. Pillars (001) and (101) exhibited activated slip systems, confirmed by a large stress drop, and the presence of slip bands
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THz generation by AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructured p-i-n diode Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 V. Trukhin, I. Mustafin, V. Malevich, X. Fan, V. Kalinovskii, E. Kontrosh, K. Prudchenko
The generation of terahertz radiation by heterostructure p-i-n AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs diodes excited by femtosecond optical pulses was studied experimentally and using the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that when the reverse bias varies, the terahertz generation mechanism changes. With a positive bias on the p-i-n diode, the THz generation mechanism is due to the reflection of the photoexcited electrons
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High-resolution Li depth profiling in a thin-film all-solid-state battery using TOF-ERDA Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 T. Majima, Y. Ogura, C. Hasegawa, S. Nakamizo, B. Tsuchiya, K. Amezawa, Y. Iriyama, K. Yasuda
A quantitative understanding of the Li distribution inside all-solid-state Li-ion batteries is important for improving the performance of batteries. We constructed a time-of-flight (TOF) elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) system for operando measurements of thin-film Li-ion batteries. The TOF-ERDA measurement provides elementally resolved spectra with a depth resolution much higher than that
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Optimization of noncollinear magnetic ordering temperature in Y-type hexaferrite by machine learning Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Yonghong Li, Jing Zhang, Linfeng Jiang, Long Zhang, Yugang Zhang, Xueliang Wu, Yisheng Chai, Xiaoyuan Zhou, Zizhen Zhou
Searching the optimal doping compositions of the Y-type hexaferrite Ba2Mg2Fe12O22 remains a long-standing challenge for enhanced non-collinear magnetic transition temperature (TNC). Instead of the conventional trial-and-error approach, the composition-property descriptor is established via a data driven machine learning method named sure independence screening and sparsifying operator. Based on the
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Tunable cold/warm white light emitting devices based on carbon dots with multiple emissive centers Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Yi-Lin Zhu, Hao Zhao, Shi-Ying Gu, Hai-Yan Cao, Zhi-Xing Gan, Chuan-Guo Shi
The correlated color temperature (CCT) of lighting is closely related to human emotions. However, there is still a relative lack of white light emitting devices (W-LEDs) with tunable CCT to meet application demands in different scenarios. Here, we develop a W-LED with tunable CCT based on multiple emissive centers of carbon dots (CDots) synthesized through controlled thermal carbonization of citric
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Steerable droplet precise bouncing on a superhydrophobic surface with superhydrophilic stripes Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Qiaoqiao Huang, Yuchun He, Kai Yin, Hao Zhang, Pengyu Yang, Guoqiang Li, Saif U. Awan, Ahmed S. G. Khalil
The precise rebound of a droplet upon hitting a solid surface has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its critical applications in self-cleaning, printing industries, and the design of heat exchanger surfaces, among others. This study introduces an innovative approach that combines femtosecond laser processing with a high-temperature stearic acid modification to create surfaces that
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Symmetry-breaking-enhanced power conversion efficiency of 2D van der Waals heterostructures Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Tao Huang, Zi-Xuan Yang, Lei Li, Hui Wan, Tao Zhang, Gui-Fang Huang, Wangyu Hu, Wei-Qing Huang
Symmetry-breaking plays a crucial role in determining the property and functionality of materials. Here, we demonstrate that symmetry-breaking can dramatically enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure solar cell by taking a γ-phosphorus-carbide (PC)-based vdW heterostructure as a model. Thanks to its four-atom-layer structure of γ-PC
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Ultralow electric-field poling of LiNbO3 single-crystal devices Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Di Hu, Xing Long Wang, Xian Yu Hu, Yi Ming Li, Jie Sun, An Quan Jiang
The LiNbO3 (LNO) single crystal receives wide applications in nonvolatile memories, surface acoustic wave devices, and electro-optic modulators. However, engineering of antiparallel domain patterns within micrometer-sized devices generally requires a poling voltage more than a few thousands of volts. The high poling voltage could invoke dielectric breakdown. Here, we found an effective method to increase
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Perspectives on endoscopic functional photoacoustic microscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Shuo Yang, Song Hu
Endoscopy, enabling high-resolution imaging of deep tissues and internal organs, plays an important role in basic research and clinical practice. Recent advances in photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), demonstrating excellent capabilities in high-resolution functional imaging, have sparked significant interest in its integration into the field of endoscopy. However, there are challenges in achieving functional
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Perspectives on pilot-wave hydrodynamics Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 John W. M. Bush, Valeri Frumkin, Pedro J. Sáenz
We present a number of fresh perspectives on pilot-wave hydrodynamics, the field initiated in 2005 by Couder and Fort's discovery that millimetric droplets self-propelling along the surface of a vibrating bath can capture certain features of quantum systems. A recurring theme will be that pilot-wave hydrodynamics furnishes a classical framework for reproducing many quantum phenomena and allows one
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Whispering gallery mode sensing through the lens of quantum optics, artificial intelligence, and nanoscale catalysis Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Ekaterina Zossimova, Callum Jones, Kulathunga Mudalige Kalani Perera, Srikanth Pedireddy, Michael Walter, Frank Vollmer
Ultra-sensitive sensors based on the resonant properties of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) can detect fractional changes in nanoscale environments down to the length and time scales of single molecules. However, it is challenging to isolate single-molecule signals from competing noise sources in experiments, such as thermal and mechanical sources of noise, and—at the most fundamental level—the shot
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Direct mechanistic connection between acoustic signals and melt pool morphology during laser powder bed fusion Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Yuchen Sun, Sanam Gorgannejad, Aiden Martin, Jenny Nicolino, Maria Strantza, Jean-Baptiste Forien, Vivek Thampy, Sen Liu, Peiyu Quan, Christopher J. Tassone, Manyalibo J. Matthews, Nicholas P. Calta
Various nondestructive diagnostic techniques have been proposed for in situ process monitoring of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), including melt pool pyrometry, whole-layer optical imaging, acoustic emission, atomic emission spectroscopy, high speed melt pool imaging, and thermionic emission. Correlations between these in situ monitoring signals and defect formation have been demonstrated with acoustic
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Large magnetocaloric refrigeration performance near room temperature in monolayer transition metal dihalides Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Weifeng Xie, Xiong Xu, Fangbiao Li, Guangwei Zhai, Yunliang Yue, Min Li, Hui Wang
Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) exhibits highly efficient and ecological cooling abilities for solid-state refrigeration in contrast to traditional vapor-compression refrigeration. Successive emerging two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials provide a fertile platform for exploring low-dimensional MCE systems. Here, we focus on a series of 2D transition metal dihalides MX2 (M = Fe, Ru, Os; X = Cl, Br) to
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On a Mott formalism for modeling oxide thin-film transistors Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Guangzheng Yi, Yuan Li, Kunlin Cai, Jun Yu, Arokia Nathan
We report on a device model for thin-film transistors (TFTs) in the framework of Mott's trap-and-release transport theory for disordered semiconductors. The model features a so-called Mott function that is demonstrated to be powerful for analytically deriving the terminal characteristics and other critical parameters of TFTs, including threshold voltage, subthreshold swing, and field-effect mobility
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Enhanced optical responsivity in photothermoelectric effect of SnSe–SnSe2 composite at near-infrared band Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Hong-Tao Jiang, Hao Tian, Su-Tao Sun, Lin Cao, Cheng-Hao Yin, Xiao-Li Zhou, Yang-Yang Lv, Jian Zhou, Shu-Hua Yao, Y. B. Chen, Yan-Feng Chen
We experimentally demonstrated that composites, being effective in optimizing the thermoelectric performance, can also enhance photothermoelectric effects in this work. In detail, we employed an alternating-growth in chemical-vapor-transport to grow the SnSe–SnSe2 composite crystals. The photo-responsivities of SnSe–SnSe2 (atomic-weight-ratio as 44%–56%) composite are comparable to SnSe crystals in
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High-efficiency electroluminescence devices containing Si nanocrystals/SiC multilayers via improved carrier injection and recombination process Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Teng Sun, Yuhao Wang, Junnan Han, Jiaming Chen, Ting Zhu, Dongke Li, Wei Li, Jun Xu, Kunji Chen
Realizing high efficiency of all Si-based light-emitting devices is currently one of interesting issues in order to develop monolithic opto-electronic integration on chips. Here, we report an electroluminescence device based on phosphorus (P)-doped silicon nanocrystals (Si NCs)/silicon carbide (SiC) multilayers by modulating carrier injection and recombination process. The p+-Si substrate is used instead
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Field-free switching of perpendicular magnetic elements by using two orthogonal sub-nanosecond spin–orbit torque pulses Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Dieter Suess, Claas Abert, Sebastian Zeilinger, Florian Bruckner, Sabri Koraltan
We propose a field-free switching mechanism that utilizes two spatially orthogonal spin–orbit torque (SOT) currents. Initially applied simultaneously, one of the currents is subsequently switched off. The superposition of these two currents results in an in-plane magnetization, which is not orthogonal to the remaining SOT current after the second one is deactivated. This symmetry-breaking procedure
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Rapid-scan broadband frequency-domain terahertz spectroscopy via dynamic optical phase lock Appl. Phys. Lett. (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Yuto Shoji, Eiji Ohmichi, Hideyuki Takahashi, Hitoshi Ohta
Frequency-domain terahertz (THz) spectroscopy using photomixing devices has unique advantages such as high dynamic range and high spectral resolution. Thus, many applications for solid-state and gas-phase spectroscopy have been proposed. In this study, we developed a feedback controlled technique to dynamically compensate for the optical phase accompanied by frequency sweep, enabling both fast and