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Anomalous thermodynamic cost of clock synchronization Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-06-27 Cheng Yang, Jiteng Sheng and Haibin Wu
Clock synchronization is critically important in positioning, navigation and timing systems. While its performance has been intensively studied in a wide range of disciplines, much less is known for the fundamental thermodynamics of clock synchronization‒what limits the precision and how to optimize the energy cost for clock synchronization. Here, we report the first experimental investigation of two
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Symmetry-preserving quadratic Lindbladian and dissipation driven topological transitions in Gaussian states Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Liang Mao, Fan Yang and Hui Zhai
The dynamical evolution of an open quantum system can be governed by the Lindblad equation of the density matrix. In this paper, we propose to characterize the density matrix topology by the topological invariant of its modular Hamiltonian. Since the topological classification of such Hamiltonians depends on their symmetry classes, a primary issue we address is determining the requirement for the Lindbladian
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Divergence beneath the Brillouin sphere and the phenomenology of prediction error in spherical harmonic series approximations of the gravitational field Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 M Bevis, C Ogle, O Costin, C Jekeli, R D Costin, J Guo, J Fowler, G V Dunne, C K Shum and K Snow
The Brillouin sphere is defined as the smallest sphere, centered at the origin of the geocentric coordinate system, that incorporates all the condensed matter composing the planet. The Brillouin sphere touches the Earth at a single point, and the radial line that begins at the origin and passes through that point is called the singular radial line. For about 60 years there has been a persistent anxiety
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A statistical primer on classical period-finding techniques in astronomy Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Naomi Giertych, Ahmed Shaban, Pragya Haravu and Jonathan P Williams
The aim of our paper is to investigate the properties of the classical phase-dispersion minimization (PDM), analysis of variance (AOV), string-length (SL), and Lomb–Scargle (LS) power statistics from a statistician’s perspective. We confirm that when the data are perturbations of a constant function, i.e. under the null hypothesis of no period in the data, a scaled version of the PDM statistic follows
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Extracting the speed of sound in quark–gluon plasma with ultrarelativistic lead–lead collisions at the LHC Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 The CMS Collaboration
Ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions create a strongly interacting state of hot and dense quark–gluon matter that exhibits a remarkable collective flow behavior with minimal viscous dissipation. To gain deeper insights into its intrinsic nature and fundamental degrees of freedom, we determine the speed of sound in an extended volume of quark–gluon plasma using lead–lead (PbPb) collisions at a center-of-mass
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Pioneering research has a new home in a trusted place Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 David Gevaux
After 90 years of publishing authoritative reviews, Reports on Progress in Physics is today publishing its first primary research papers. The beginning, we hope, of the journal’s evolution into a showcase of the most impactful, ground-breaking and just fascinating physical-science research; a journal that builds trust through rigorous peer review and gives back to the communities we serve. Investing
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Active many-particle systems and the emergent behavior of dense ant collectives Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 C Anderson, A Fernandez-Nieves
This article discusses recent work with fire ants, Solenopisis invicta, to illustrate the use of the framework of active matter as a base to rationalize their complex collective behavior. We review much of the work that physicists have done on the group dynamics of these ants, and compare their behavior to two minimal models of active matter, and to the behavior of the synthetic systems that have served
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Nucleic acid liquids Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-20 Gabrielle R Abraham, Aria S Chaderjian, Anna B N Nguyen, Sam Wilken, Omar A Saleh
The confluence of recent discoveries of the roles of biomolecular liquids in living systems and modern abilities to precisely synthesize and modify nucleic acids (NAs) has led to a surge of interest in liquid phases of NAs. These phases can be formed primarily from NAs, as driven by base-pairing interactions, or from the electrostatic combination (coacervation) of negatively charged NAs and positively
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Infrared neuromodulation—a review Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-20 Michelle Y Sander, Xuedong Zhu
Infrared (IR) neuromodulation (INM) is an emerging light-based neuromodulation approach that can reversibly control neuronal and muscular activities through the transient and localized deposition of pulsed IR light without requiring any chemical or genetic pre-treatment of the target cells. Though the efficacy and short-term safety of INM have been widely demonstrated in both peripheral and central
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Crystal structure and magnetism of actinide oxides: a review Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Binod K Rai, Alex Bretaña, Gregory Morrison, Rosalie Greer, Krzysztof Gofryk, Hans-Conrad zur Loye
In actinide systems, the 5f electrons experience a uniquely delicate balance of effects and interactions having similar energy scales, which are often difficult to properly disentangle. This interplay of factors such as the dual nature of 5f-states, strong electronic correlations, and strong spin–orbit coupling results in electronically unusual and intriguing behavior such as multi-k antiferromagnetic
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Acoustic manipulation of multi-body structures and dynamics Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Melody X Lim, Bryan VanSaders, Heinrich M Jaeger
Sound can exert forces on objects of any material and shape. This has made the contactless manipulation of objects by intense ultrasound a fascinating area of research with wide-ranging applications. While much is understood for acoustic forcing of individual objects, sound-mediated interactions among multiple objects at close range gives rise to a rich set of structures and dynamics that are less
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Non-equilibrium structural and dynamic behaviors of active polymers in complex and crowded environments Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-23 Guolong Zhu, Lijuan Gao, Yihang Sun, Wenjie Wei, Li-Tang Yan
Active matter systems, which convert internal chemical energy or energy from the environment into directed motion, are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit a range of emerging non-equilibrium behaviors. However, most of the current works on active matter have been devoted to particles, and the study of active polymers has only recently come into the spotlight due to their prevalence within living organisms
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Learning dynamical models of single and collective cell migration: a review Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 David B Brückner and Chase P Broedersz
Single and collective cell migration are fundamental processes critical for physiological phenomena ranging from embryonic development and immune response to wound healing and cancer metastasis. To understand cell migration from a physical perspective, a broad variety of models for the underlying physical mechanisms that govern cell motility have been developed. A key challenge in the development of
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Charge density waves in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jinwoong Hwang, Wei Ruan, Yi Chen, Shujie Tang, Michael F Crommie, Zhi-Xun Shen and Sung-Kwan Mo
Charge density wave (CDW is one of the most ubiquitous electronic orders in quantum materials. While the essential ingredients of CDW order have been extensively studied, a comprehensive microscopic understanding is yet to be reached. Recent research efforts on the CDW phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) materials provide a new pathway toward a deeper understanding of its complexity. This review provides
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The surface force balance: direct measurement of interactions in fluids and soft matter Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-19 Hannah J Hayler, Timothy S Groves, Aurora Guerrini, Astrid Southam, Weichao Zheng and Susan Perkin
Over the last half-century, direct measurements of surface forces have been instrumental in the exploration of a multitude of phenomena in liquid, soft, and biological matter. Measurements of van der Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, structural forces, depletion forces, and many other effects have checked and challenged theoretical predictions and motivated new
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Bridging the gap between surface physics and photonics Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Pekka Laukkanen, Marko Punkkinen, Mikhail Kuzmin, Kalevi Kokko, Xiaolong Liu, Behrad Radfar, Ville Vähänissi, Hele Savin, Antti Tukiainen, Teemu Hakkarainen, Jukka Viheriälä and Mircea Guina
Use and performance criteria of photonic devices increase in various application areas such as information and communication, lighting, and photovoltaics. In many current and future photonic devices, surfaces of a semiconductor crystal are a weak part causing significant photo-electric losses and malfunctions in applications. These surface challenges, many of which arise from material defects at semiconductor
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When physics meets chemistry at the dynamic glass transition Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Haibao Lu
Can the laws of physics be unified? One of the most puzzling challenges is to reconcile physics and chemistry, where molecular physics meets condensed-matter physics, resulting from the dynamic fluctuation and scaling effect of glassy matter at the glass transition temperature. The pioneer of condensed-matter physics, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Philip Warren Anderson referred to this gap as the
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Coherent light scattering from cellular dynamics in living tissues Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 David D Nolte
This review examines the biological physics of intracellular transport probed by the coherent optics of dynamic light scattering from optically thick living tissues. Cells and their constituents are in constant motion, composed of a broad range of speeds spanning many orders of magnitude that reflect the wide array of functions and mechanisms that maintain cellular health. From the organelle scale
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Nucleon-nucleon correlations inside atomic nuclei: synergies, observations and theoretical models Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Ranjeet Dalal and I J Douglas MacGregor
While the main features of atomic nuclei are well described by nuclear mean-field models, there is a large and growing body of evidence which indicates an important additional role played by spatially-correlated nucleon–nucleon structures. The role of nucleonic structures was first suggested by Heidmann in 1950 to explain the pick-up reactions of energetic nucleons. Since then, a steady flux of new
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HoloTile light engine: new digital holographic modalities and applications Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Jesper Glückstad and Andreas Erik Gejl Madsen
HoloTile is a patented computer generated holography approach with the aim of reducing the speckle noise caused by the overlap of the non-trivial physical extent of the point spread function in Fourier holographic systems from adjacent frequency components. By combining tiling of phase-only of rapidly generated sub-holograms with a PSF-shaping phase profile, each frequency component—or output ‘pixel’—
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Further understanding the interaction between dark energy and dark matter: current status and future directions Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 B Wang, E Abdalla, F Atrio-Barandela and D Pavón
The interaction between dark matter and dark energy (DE) can be incorporated into field theory models of DE that have proved successful in alleviating the coincidence problem. We review recent advances in this field, including new models and constraints from different astronomical data sets. We show that interactions are allowed by observations and can reduce the current tensions among different measurements
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Pseudo-fermion functional renormalization group for spin models Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Tobias Müller, Dominik Kiese, Nils Niggemann, Björn Sbierski, Johannes Reuther, Simon Trebst, Ronny Thomale, Yasir Iqbal
For decades, frustrated quantum magnets have been a seed for scientific progress and innovation in condensed matter. As much as the numerical tools for low-dimensional quantum magnetism have thrived and improved in recent years due to breakthroughs inspired by quantum information and quantum computation, higher-dimensional quantum magnetism can be considered as the final frontier, where strong quantum
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From caged compounds with isolated U atoms to frustrated magnets with 2- or 3-atom clusters: a review of Al-rich uranium aluminides with transition metals Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Mathieu Pasturel, Adam Pikul
Crystal structures and physical properties of four families of Al-rich ternary uranium compounds with transition metals (TE) are reviewed, namely UTE 2Al20, UTE 2Al10, U6 TE 4Al43, and U3 TE 4Al12. The compounds can be described as consisting of 1 (isolated), 2 (dumbbells) or 3 (triangles) uranium atom clusters, surrounded (1–2–20, 1–2–10 and 6–4–43) or not (3–4–12) by large cages, which strongly influence
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Molecular nanomagnets: a viable path toward quantum information processing? Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 A Chiesa, P Santini, E Garlatti, F Luis, S Carretta
Molecular nanomagnets (MNMs), molecules containing interacting spins, have been a playground for quantum mechanics. They are characterized by many accessible low-energy levels that can be exploited to store and process quantum information. This naturally opens the possibility of using them as qudits, thus enlarging the tools of quantum logic with respect to qubit-based architectures. These additional
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Beyond Kitaev physics in strong spin-orbit coupled magnets Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Ioannis Rousochatzakis, Natalia B Perkins, Qiang Luo, Hae-Young Kee
We review the recent advances and current challenges in the field of strong spin-orbit coupled Kitaev materials, with a particular emphasis on the physics beyond the exactly-solvable Kitaev spin liquid point. To this end, we present a comprehensive overview of the key exchange interactions in candidate materials with a specific focus on systems featuring effective Jeff=1/2 magnetic moments. This includes
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Structural approach to charge density waves in low-dimensional systems: electronic instability and chemical bonding Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Jean-Paul Pouget, Enric Canadell
The charge density wave (CDW) instability, usually occurring in low-dimensional metals, has been a topic of interest for longtime. However, some very fundamental aspects of the mechanism remain unclear. Recently, a plethora of new CDW materials, a substantial fraction of which is two-dimensional or even three-dimensional, has been prepared and characterised as bulk and/or single-layers. As a result
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Quantum phase transitions in two-dimensional superconductors: a review on recent experimental progress Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-29 Ziqiao Wang, Yi Liu, Chengcheng Ji, Jian Wang
Superconductor–insulator/metal transition (SMT) as a paradigm of quantum phase transition has been a research highlight over the last three decades. Benefit from recent developments in the fabrication and measurements of two-dimensional (2D) superconducting films and nanodevices, unprecedented quantum phenomena have been revealed in the quantum phase transitions of 2D superconductors. In this review
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Quantum systems in silicon carbide for sensing applications Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 S Castelletto, C T-K Lew, Wu-Xi Lin, Jin-Shi Xu
This paper summarizes recent studies identifying key qubit systems in silicon carbide (SiC) for quantum sensing of magnetic, electric fields, and temperature at the nano and microscale. The properties of colour centres in SiC, that can be used for quantum sensing, are reviewed with a focus on paramagnetic colour centres and their spin Hamiltonians describing Zeeman splitting, Stark effect, and hyperfine
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Toward large-scale, ordered and tunable Majorana-zero-modes lattice on iron-based superconductors Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Geng Li, Meng Li, Xingtai Zhou, Hong-Jun Gao
Majorana excitations are the quasiparticle analog of Majorana fermions in solid materials. Typical examples are the Majorana zero modes (MZMs) and the dispersing Majorana modes. When probed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, the former manifest as a pronounced conductance peak locating precisely at zero-energy, while the latter behaves as constant or slowly varying density of states. The MZMs obey
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Mechanical, electronic, optical, piezoelectric and ferroic properties of strained graphene and other strained monolayers and multilayers: an update Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Gerardo G Naumis, Saúl A Herrera, Shiva P Poudel, Hiro Nakamura, Salvador Barraza-Lopez
This is an update of a previous review (Naumis et al 2017 Rep. Prog. Phys. 80 096501). Experimental and theoretical advances for straining graphene and other metallic, insulating, ferroelectric, ferroelastic, ferromagnetic and multiferroic 2D materials were considered. We surveyed (i) methods to induce valley and sublattice polarisation (P) in graphene, (ii) time-dependent strain and its impact on
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PT -symmetric, non-Hermitian quantum many-body physics—a methodological perspective Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 V Meden, L Grunwald, D M Kennes
We review the methodology to theoretically treat parity-time- ( PT -) symmetric, non-Hermitian quantum many-body systems. They are realized as open quantum systems with PT symmetry and couplings to the environment which are compatible. PT -symmetric non-Hermitian quantum systems show a variety of fascinating properties which single them out among generic open systems. The study of the latter has a
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Heterogeneous anomalous transport in cellular and molecular biology Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Thomas Andrew Waigh, Nickolay Korabel
It is well established that a wide variety of phenomena in cellular and molecular biology involve anomalous transport e.g. the statistics for the motility of cells and molecules are fractional and do not conform to the archetypes of simple diffusion or ballistic transport. Recent research demonstrates that anomalous transport is in many cases heterogeneous in both time and space. Thus single anomalous
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Tuning and exploiting interlayer coupling in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-20 Chenyin Jiao, Shenghai Pei, Song Wu, Zenghui Wang, Juan Xia
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials can stack into new material systems, with van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the adjacent constituent layers. This stacking process of 2D atomic layers creates a new degree of freedom—interlayer interface between two adjacent layers—that can be independently studied and tuned from the intralayer degree of freedom. In such heterostructures (HSs), the physical
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Catalysis of entanglement and other quantum resources Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Chandan Datta, Tulja Varun Kondra, Marek Miller, Alexander Streltsov
In chemistry, a catalyst is a substance which enables a chemical reaction or increases its rate, while remaining unchanged in the process. Instead of chemical reactions, quantum catalysis enhances our ability to convert quantum states into each other under physical constraints. The nature of the constraints depends on the problem under study and can arise, e.g. from energy preservation. This article
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Non-local and non-Hermitian acoustic metasurfaces Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Xu Wang, Ruizhi Dong, Yong Li, Yun Jing
Acoustic metasurfaces are at the frontier of acoustic functional material research owing to their advanced capabilities of wave manipulation at an acoustically vanishing size. Despite significant progress in the last decade, conventional acoustic metasurfaces are still fundamentally limited by their underlying physics and design principles. First, conventional metasurfaces assume that unit cells are
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Quantum interactions in topological R166 kagome magnet Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 Xitong Xu, Jia-Xin Yin, Zhe Qu, Shuang Jia
Kagome magnet has been found to be a fertile ground for the search of exotic quantum states in condensed matter. Arising from the unusual geometry, the quantum interactions in the kagome lattice give rise to various quantum states, including the Chern-gapped Dirac fermion, Weyl fermion, flat band and van Hove singularity. Here we review recent advances in the study of the R166 kagome magnet (RT6E6
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Viscosity and diffusion in life processes and tuning of fundamental constants Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-09 K Trachenko
Viewed as one of the grandest questions in modern science, understanding fundamental physical constants has been discussed in high-energy particle physics, astronomy and cosmology. Here, I review how condensed matter and liquid physics gives new insights into fundamental constants and their tuning. This is based on two observations: first, cellular life and the existence of observers depend on viscosity
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A review of UTe2 at high magnetic fields Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-06 Sylvia K Lewin, Corey E Frank, Sheng Ran, Johnpierre Paglione, Nicholas P Butch
Uranium ditelluride (UTe2) is recognized as a host material to unconventional spin-triplet superconductivity, but it also exhibits a wealth of additional unusual behavior at high magnetic fields. One of the most prominent signatures of the unconventional superconductivity is a large and anisotropic upper critical field that exceeds the paramagnetic limit. This superconductivity survives to 35 T and
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High harmonic generation in solids: particle and wave perspectives Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Liang Li, Pengfei Lan, Xiaosong Zhu, Peixiang Lu
High harmonic generation (HHG) from gas-phase atoms (or molecules) has opened up a new frontier in ultrafast optics, where attosecond time resolution and angstrom spatial resolution are accessible. The fundamental physical pictures of HHG are always explained by the laser-induced recollision of particle-like electron motion, which lay the foundation of attosecond spectroscopy. In recent years, HHG
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Speed limits and locality in many-body quantum dynamics Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Chi-Fang (Anthony) Chen, Andrew Lucas, Chao Yin
We review the mathematical speed limits on quantum information processing in many-body systems. After the proof of the Lieb–Robinson Theorem in 1972, the past two decades have seen substantial developments in its application to other questions, such as the simulatability of quantum systems on classical or quantum computers, the generation of entanglement, and even the properties of ground states of
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Probing quantum correlations in many-body systems: a review of scalable methods Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-27 Irénée Frérot, Matteo Fadel, Maciej Lewenstein
We review methods that allow one to detect and characterize quantum correlations in many-body systems, with a special focus on approaches which are scalable. Namely, those applicable to systems with many degrees of freedom, without requiring a number of measurements or computational resources to analyze the data that scale exponentially with the system size. We begin with introducing the concepts of
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Quantum sensing of microwave electric fields based on Rydberg atoms Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Jinpeng Yuan, Wenguang Yang, Mingyong Jing, Hao Zhang, Yuechun Jiao, Weibin Li, Linjie Zhang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia
Microwave electric field (MW E-field) sensing is important for a wide range of applications in the areas of remote sensing, radar astronomy and communications. Over the past decade, Rydberg atoms have been used in ultrasensitive, wide broadband, traceable, stealthy MW E-field sensing because of their exaggerated response to MW E-fields, plentiful optional energy levels and integratable preparation
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Topological phononic metamaterials Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Weiwei Zhu, Weiyin Deng, Yang Liu, Jiuyang Lu, Hai-Xiao Wang, Zhi-Kang Lin, Xueqin Huang, Jian-Hua Jiang, Zhengyou Liu
The concept of topological energy bands and their manifestations have been demonstrated in condensed matter systems as a fantastic paradigm toward unprecedented physical phenomena and properties that are robust against disorders. Recent years, this paradigm was extended to phononic metamaterials (including mechanical and acoustic metamaterials), giving rise to the discovery of remarkable phenomena
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The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Ivan de Martino, Riccardo Della Monica
The Galactic Center (GC) of the Milky Way, thanks to its proximity, allows to perform astronomical observations that investigate physical phenomena at the edge of astrophysics and fundamental physics. As such, it offers a unique laboratory to probe gravity, where one can not only test the basic predictions of general relativity (GR), but is also able to falsify theories that, over time, have been proposed
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Theoretical and computational tools to model multistable gene regulatory networks Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Federico Bocci, Dongya Jia, Qing Nie, Mohit Kumar Jolly, José Onuchic
The last decade has witnessed a surge of theoretical and computational models to describe the dynamics of complex gene regulatory networks, and how these interactions can give rise to multistable and heterogeneous cell populations. As the use of theoretical modeling to describe genetic and biochemical circuits becomes more widespread, theoreticians with mathematical and physical backgrounds routinely
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Statistical models of complex brain networks: a maximum entropy approach Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-22 Vito Dichio, Fabrizio De Vico Fallani
The brain is a highly complex system. Most of such complexity stems from the intermingled connections between its parts, which give rise to rich dynamics and to the emergence of high-level cognitive functions. Disentangling the underlying network structure is crucial to understand the brain functioning under both healthy and pathological conditions. Yet, analyzing brain networks is challenging, in
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A review on transport characteristics and bio-sensing applications of silicene Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-14 Supriya Ghosal, Arka Bandyopadhyay, Suman Chowdhury, Debnarayan Jana
Silicene, a silicon counterpart of graphene, has been predicted to possess Dirac fermions. The effective spin–orbit interaction in silicene is quite significant compared to graphene; as a result, buckled silicene exhibits a finite band gap of a few meV at the Dirac point. This band gap can be further tailored by applying in plane strain, an external electric field, chemical functionalization and defects
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Strong–laser–field physics, non–classical light states and quantum information science Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-07 U Bhattacharya, Th Lamprou, A S Maxwell, A Ordóñez, E Pisanty, J Rivera-Dean, P Stammer, M F Ciappina, M Lewenstein, P Tzallas
Strong–laser–field physics is a research direction that relies on the use of high-power lasers and has led to fascinating achievements ranging from relativistic particle acceleration to attosecond science. On the other hand, quantum optics has been built on the use of low photon number sources and has opened the way for groundbreaking discoveries in quantum technology, advancing investigations ranging
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Mechanical metamaterials Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Richard Craster, Sébastien Guenneau, Muamer Kadic, Martin Wegener
Mechanical metamaterials, also known as architected materials, are rationally designed composites, aiming at elastic behaviors and effective mechanical properties beyond (‘meta’) those of their individual ingredients—qualitatively and/or quantitatively. Due to advances in computational science and manufacturing, this field has progressed considerably throughout the last decade. Here, we review its
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Thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for organic light-emitting diodes Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Xiaoning Li, Shiyao Fu, Yujun Xie, Zhen Li
Recently, the remarkable advances in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have attracted much attention due to their 100% exciton utilization efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although the commercialization of TADF materials is at an early stage, they exhibit enormous potential for next-generation OLEDs due to the comparable electroluminescence performance to
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Stochastic equations and cities Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-07-18 Marc Barthelemy
Stochastic equations constitute a major ingredient in many branches of science, from physics to biology and engineering. Not surprisingly, they appear in many quantitative studies of complex systems. In particular, this type of equation is useful for understanding the dynamics of urban population. Empirically, the population of cities follows a seemingly universal law—called Zipf’s law—which was discovered
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Report on progress in physics: observation of the Breit–Wheeler process and vacuum birefringence in heavy-ion collisions Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 James Daniel Brandenburg, Janet Seger, Zhangbu Xu, Wangmei Zha
This report reviews the effort over several decades to observe the linear Breit–Wheeler process ( γγ→e+e− ) and vacuum birefringence (VB) in high-energy particle and heavy-ion collider experiment. This report, motivated by the STAR collaboration’s recent observations, attempts to summarize the key issues related to the interpretation of polarized γγ→l+l− measurements in high-energy experiments. To
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The µ–τ reflection symmetry of Majorana neutrinos * Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Zhi-zhong Xing
The observed pattern of lepton flavor mixing and CP violation strongly indicates the possible existence of a simple flavor symmetry in the neutrino sector—the effective Majorana neutrino mass term keeps invariant when the three left-handed neutrino fields transform as νeL→(νeL)c , νμL→(ντL)c and ντL→(νμL)c . A direct application of such a µ–τ reflection symmetry to the canonical seesaw mechanism can
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Machine learning for observational cosmology Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-26 Kana Moriwaki, Takahiro Nishimichi, Naoki Yoshida
An array of large observational programs using ground-based and space-borne telescopes is planned in the next decade. The forthcoming wide-field sky surveys are expected to deliver a sheer volume of data exceeding an exabyte. Processing the large amount of multiplex astronomical data is technically challenging, and fully automated technologies based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence
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Wetting ridges on slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Hong-Huy Tran, Daeyeon Lee, David Riassetto
Slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) show remarkable liquid repellency, making them useful for many coating applications. The outstanding repellency of SLIPS comes from a lubricant layer stabilized within and at the surface of a porous template. The stability of this lubricant layer is key for SLIPS to exhibit their unique functionality. The lubricant layer, however, is depleted over time
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MICROSCOPE’s view at gravitation Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-17 Joel Bergé
The weak equivalence principle (WEP) is the cornerstone of general relativity (GR). Testing it is thus a natural way to confront GR to experiments, which has been pursued for four centuries with increasing precision. MICROSCOPE is a space mission designed to test the WEP with a precision of 1 in 1015 parts, two orders of magnitude better than previous experimental constraints. After completing its
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Spacetime foam: a review Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-05-05 S Carlip
More than 65 years ago, John Wheeler suggested that quantum uncertainties of the metric would be of order one at the Planck scale, leading to large fluctuations in spacetime geometry and topology, which he termed ‘spacetime foam.’ In this review I discuss various attempts to implement this idea and to test it, both theoretically and, to a lesser extent, observationally.
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Hydrogen in actinides: electronic and lattice properties Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-05 Ladislav Havela, Dominik Legut, Jindřich Kolorenč
Hydrides of actinides, their magnetic, electronic, transport, and thermodynamic properties are discussed within a general framework of H impact on bonding, characterized by volume expansion, affecting mainly the 5f states, and a charge transfer towards H, which influences mostly the 6d and 7s states. These general mechanisms have diverse impact on individual actinides, depending on the degree of localization
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Statistical genetics in and out of quasi-linkage equilibrium Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-04-04 Vito Dichio, Hong-Li Zeng, Erik Aurell
This review is about statistical genetics, an interdisciplinary topic between statistical physics and population biology. The focus is on the phase of quasi-linkage equilibrium (QLE). Our goals here are to clarify under which conditions the QLE phase can be expected to hold in population biology and how the stability of the QLE phase is lost. The QLE state, which has many similarities to a thermal
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The Rigid Unit Mode model: review of ideas and applications. Rep. Prog. Phys. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2023-03-27 Lei Tan,Volker Heine,Gong Li,Martin T Dove
We review a set of ideas concerning the flexibility of network materials, broadly defined as structures in which atoms form small polyhedral units that are connected at corners. One clear example is represented by the family of silica polymorphs, with structures composed of corner-lined SiO4tetrahedra. TheRigid Unit Mode(RUM) is defined as any normal mode in which the structural polyhedra can translate