Medical protective clothing is important for maintaining the health and safety of the wearer, but its thermal comfort is poor. To improve the thermal comfort, a portable cooling device was designed and a medical protective clothing cooling system was constructed using this device. Through simulations, the actual cooling capacity of the portable cooling device was studied at various temperatures; the

Harmonic gear transmission is a principal mode for robot joint reducers, and an accurate steady-state temperature field model of harmonic gears is vital to improving transmission performance. In this paper, the internal relationship between instantaneous multi-tooth meshing and single-tooth continuous meshing was first investigated. Calculation methods for tooth load stress, relative speed at meshing

The performance of photovoltaic (PV)-based heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems is highly sensitive to operating temperature. To address this, we propose a nanofluid-based thermal cooling model and develop an advanced computational solver using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) trained with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA-TNN). This model analyzes the magnetohydrodynamic

Understanding the deformation behavior of the frozen curtain during excavation is crucial when employing artificial freezing methods in construction. This study uses indoor frozen soil experiments and numerical simulations to determine the compressive and flexural strengths of the frozen curtain, along with its displacement and stress variation patterns. Results show that lower freezing temperatures

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), commonly used in industrial gas turbines and aero-engines, have become a vital technology for prolonging their lifespan. However, the spalling of TBCs from the substrates during service could compromise the safety and reliability of the equipment. This study presents a methodology for assessing the risk of interfacial spalling induced by thermal stress mismatches between

Mini channel cooling represents a highly effective methodology for the dissipation of thermal energy in electronic systems. The employment of a circular heat sink, characterized by novel configurations that incorporate various arrangements of innovative L-channel passages, facilitates the enhancement of thermal performance in circular mini channel heat sinks by mitigating the incidence of non-uniform

Metal foam plays a significant role in the heat transfer augmentation of phase change material (PCM)-based thermal applications. Although incorporating metal foam in thermal systems will increase the thermal conductivity, it will also mitigate the natural convection as a result of the metal foam structure and in turn lower the thermal performance. Non-uniform temperature distribution in thermal energy

The photovoltaic-thermal hybrid system with phase-change material is designed to provide simultaneous thermal and electrical power output. In this paper, a detailed two-dimensional modelling of a photovoltaic thermal using phase change material is performed. The system utilizes water as the heat transfer fluid, which flows through a uniquely designed trapezoidal inner tube. This configuration is explored

Semi-clathrate hydrates, with high latent heat, tunability, and excellent stability, show promise as phase change cold storage materials. To meet the varying phase change temperature requirements for different applications, this study investigated the dissociation behavior of hydrates formed from two tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) salt mixtures—FBS (TBAF, TBAB, TBAHSO4) and FCS (TBAF, TBAC, TBAHSO4)—at

The widespread implementation of a latent heat storage system (LHSS) presents a viable solution to the energy imbalance and shortages. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) are key components owing to their remarkable energy storage capabilities. However, the low heat conductivity of phase change materials presents a considerable challenge to their practical use. This study presents the modelling and numerical

Shell and tube heat exchangers (STHXs) are special systems that transfer thermal energy, and they have a significant position in numerous industries. The structure and arrangement of baffles play a vital role in boosting heat transfer rate, increasing thermo-hydraulic performance, and reducing the pumping cost. The numerical study is based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to run and investigate

With the accelerated pace of functional updates and iteration in electronic enclosures design, the thermal design cycle is continuously shortened. However, the computational process of numerical simulation methods based on the finite element method (FEM) and finite volume method (FVM) is time-consuming, which limits the speed of product development. To enhance thermal design efficiency, this paper

Linear vibration engines, due to their flexible compression expansion characteristics and the coupling mechanism of vibration, combustion, and gas exchange, are expected to become the research focus of new clean energy conversion devices. This paper develops a systematical dynamic-thermodynamic model that mutually transfers the interaction parameters between combustion model, pollution model and the

This study investigates the effect of changing eccentricity and shell diameter on the charging performance of latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTES). A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to simulate the melting process of erythritol as a phase change material (PCM) in a horizontal double pipe heat exchanger. The results demonstrate that increasing eccentricity significantly

With the increase in the power density of the generator, the operation safety and the service life of the generator are increasingly affected by its internal temperature rise. For high-speed hybrid excitation synchronous generators, the stator includes armature windings and annular excitation windings, which makes heat dissipation difficult and requires the design of an efficient heat dissipation structure

The presence of nanoparticles in the pure fluid can considerably improve the heat and mass transference properties of fluid. Such types of fluids have various applications in cooling systems, heat exchangers, and thermal management system where effectual heat transfer is essential. Therefore, in this analysis, we have examined the flow of a water-based hybrid nanofluid containing copper (Cu) and alumina

The optimization of energy management strategy for hybrid vehicles is often based on engine steady performance data and the standard driving cycle conditions in the laboratory. However, these methods cannot fully capture the vehicle’s dynamic characteristics under real-world driving conditions. This study uses a BP-Adaboost algorithm combined with a transfer learning strategy to construct a learning

In engineering and technology, particularly in designing structures like ships, it can be difficult to allow fluids (like water) to flow smoothly around them. This is called a "fluid combination problem." It is especially important when designing the hull (the bottom part) of ships. Engineers need to calculate the impact of water pressure on the hull and how the water's surface changes. These calculations

The introduction of a tangential velocity component in swirling fluidized beds enhances mixing and heat transfer. Particle clusters are common mesoscale structures in gas-solid flow systems. This study investigated the dynamic and thermal behaviors of cold particle clusters impacting a high-temperature cylindrical wall under centrifugal effects using the MFiX-DEM approach coupled with particle-scale

As the price of fuel rises and the environmental impact of greenhouse gases intensifies, a larger population is opting for alternative sources of sustainable energy. Currently, scientists are facing challenges in discovering an energy-saving method that is effective in diverse scenarios and is user-friendly. Many individuals are interested in using materials that can transition between solid, liquid

This study focuses on optimizing the thermal performance of a novel Boron Carbide (B4C) enhanced RT44HC phase change material (PCM) nanocomposite by analyzing the effects of different semi-circular partition placements within a closed cavity. The primary objective is to determine how the position of these adiabatic bodies influences the melting behavior, thermal conductivity, and energy storage capacity

Trailing edge of high temperature turbine blades faces challenge of severe thermal environment due to wedged profile and hence limited cooling spaces. Latticework is a competitive cooling scheme which provides superior structural strength and heat transfer enhancement level, thereby having potential to be used for trailing edge cooling. Besides, conjugate heat transfer characteristics within wedged

In response to the difficulty in obtaining combustion information within coal-fired boiler furnaces, a method is proposed in this study to improve the reduced-order model using clustering segmentation. This approach aims to rapidly predict the combustion temperature field inside the furnace by establishing a twin model of the combustion temperature field. Initially, the finite volume method is employed

As environmental standards tighten and aero-engine performance improves, credible mapping between structural parameters and performance metrics is crucial for optimizing combustion chamber design. A new consolidated dataset with 46 various geometric structures for lean premixed prevaporized combustors is established based on the numerical simulation. The prediction performance of six machine learning

Carbon dioxide (CO2) heat pumps are not causing ozone layer depletion, while offering high temperature water. Typical control (TC) can realize normal operation of water-to-water CO2 heat pump. However, the approach for developing model-based optimal control (MC) for further improving the performance of water-to-water CO2 heat pump is still lacking. Hence, this study presents MC approaches for water-to-water

The thermal energy storage system greatly influences the efficiency and design of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plant. In this research, a novel thermochemical energy storage (TCES) system was incorporated into the solar energy-driven ORC system to enhance its overall efficiency. The study details the TCES system, which utilizes paired metal hydrides (specifically LaNi4.25Al0.75/LaNi5) in conjunction

Most existing studies overlooked the impact of the working fluid charge on turbo-refrigerators for ultralow-temperature applications, especially not on the motor-driven turboexpander-compressor (MTEC) based turbo-refrigerators. This study addresses this gap by conducting an experimental study on a newly developed MTEC-based turbo-refrigerator prototype for ultralow-temperature freezing down to −120 °C

A multi-objective optimization of the supply air inlet structure for Impinging Jet Ventilation (IJV) was conducted based on the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) and using a genetic optimization algorithm. The Predicted Mean Vote at the occupant's ankle level (PMV0.1) and the Energy Utilization Coefficient (Et) exhibited significant variability across different inlet structures, thus they

Knowledge of the temperature response of load-bearing structures in suspension bridges under vehicle fires is a prerequisite for fire protection measures. In this study, a double-deck suspension bridge was adopted as the engineering background. The temperature response of the main cables and slings was examined in the case of a fire on the upper vehicle deck, and the temperature characteristics of

Mechanical subcooling is an efficient means of enhancing the performance of CO2 transcritical refrigeration systems. With the aim of further improving the system performance, this objective of this paper is the comparative analysis on mechanical subcooling CO2 transcritical refrigeration system integrated with throttling valve (MCVS) and expander (MCES). A thermodynamic model for parametric analysis

This study investigates the thermal performance of heat pipes filled with various nanofluids under different operational conditions, including inclination angles, filling ratios, and heat inputs. The objective was to evaluate the impact of silver (Ag), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluids on thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficients. Experiments were conducted

The current problem consists of dual solutions of Carreau Yasuda fluid in flow, mass diffusion and heat energy on 3D expanding and shrinking surfaces. The suspension of tri-hybrid nano-fluid named TiO2,SiO2, ethylene glycol and aluminum oxide are observed. Heat energy and mass diffusion equations consist of influences of Soret, Dufour, viscous dissipation and heat sink. Tri-hybrid nanofluids have various

One of the most important principles in heat exchangers is to increase heat transfer and minimize pressure drop. In the present work, a two-tube spiral heat exchanger equipped with a conical turbulator is considered. In the first part of this analysis, the diameter of the inner spiral coil was investigated. In the second part of the study, the effect of the type of working fluid on heat transfer and

The significance of understanding the complex temperature patterns and variations on skin during contact with hot solid surfaces has grown recently due to its implications for human safety, comfort, and healthcare. We developed a novel method to visualize the distribution of skin contact temperatures (TSC), a task that was previously hindered by concealed contact areas. Thermographic images of heated

In order to maximize the efficacy of multiple component electronic systems or photovoltaic panels in multiple arrangements, thermal management and cooling system design become crucial. In the present work, a novel cooling system with U-shaped cooling channel for a triple conductive panel system is considered under ternary nano-enhanced magnetic field effects while Galerkin weighed residual finite element

For PV/T systems, nanofluids are used to collect thermal energy and cool the PV panels in order to generate more electricity. To date, researchers have not agreed on a name for the optimal nanofluid for photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) applications, despite extensive experiments on a variety of nanofluids and in various types of heat exchangers. In this practical study, an attempt is made to find a method

The characteristics of atomization and combustion of biodiesel and palm oil were evaluated in this study. A new combustor design with internal exhaust gas recycling (iEGR) and internal fuel pre-evaporation was investigated numerically and then verified experimentally using micro gas turbine (MGT) test rig. CFD evaluation of hydrodynamics flow of 8 iEGR mechanisms geometries showed that simple connection

In the present research, the numerical investigation of the nanofluid flow inside the circular cavity with the presence of fractal barriers has been done using the finite volume method (FVM). This investigation is done for Richardson numbers (Ri) = 0.1 to 1, solid nanoparticle volume fraction (φ) = 0 to 0.6 and for three shapes of fractal barrier in the two-dimensional (2D) cavity. The results of this

The phenomena of icing and frost pose a significant threat to aviation safety. Understanding the adhesion mechanisms of surface ice and the fracture and separation mechanisms of ice accretion is fundamental to de-icing operations and the design of surfaces with anti-icing functionalities. While the toughness and fracture mechanisms of ice accretion have been extensively studied, there is a lack of

Solar energy is an endless source of renewable energy, so solar-powered S-CO2 cycle power generation systems have received much attention from scholars. In this research, a new S-CO2 cycle layout based on a recompression cycle and an intercooling cycle is proposed, and the thermal performance of the three layouts is compared and analyzed. Percentage exergy loss of each component in the system is obtained

This work aims at developing a hybrid solar/gas pasteurization system by integrating a regenerator that utilizes high-temperature short-time (HTST) pasteurization techniques. Solar pasteurization facilitates localized milk processing, thereby reducing milk loss during transit. This system consists of a solar heating loop, a pasteurization loop, and a solar cooling loop utilizing an absorption chiller

The economic optimum insulation thicknesses (OIT) for heated buildings in five different climate regions in Turkiye were determined, and the energy, cost, and life cycle-based environmental performances were analyzed. Calculations were performed using three different fuels (natural gas, fuel oil, and coal) and four different insulation materials: expanded polystyrene (EPS), rock wool (RW), glass wool

In recent decades, double-skin façades (DSFs) have gained popularity in modern commercial buildings. However, their cavities can potentially accelerate flame spread, raising significant concerns regarding façade fire safety. Given that existing studies focus on the DSF component failures and fire stop measures without modeling validation, this study presents real-scale DSF fire experiments and modeling

To improve the thermal and hydraulic performance of symmetric wavy microchannel heat sinks, a novel design has been devised with slanted secondary channels from trough to crest based on its pressure distribution characteristics. These channels connect regions of adverse pressure gradient in any two neighboring channels to form a novel microchannel heat sink (SW-TC). Employing three-dimensional numerical

The ladle shroud is a vital component in the continuous casting process of steelmaking as it supports the production of a wide range of specialty steels. However, it is plagued by a persistent issue of clogging, which not only diminishes the lifetime of the Alumina-Carbon ladle shroud but also severely disrupts the smooth operation of the continuous casting process. Utilizing a numerical simulation

To effectively recover low/mid-grade waste flue gas and provide larger refrigeration capacity, an efficient combined power and refrigeration cycle only using ammonia water as the working fluid is proposed and studied in this paper. Parametric analysis is conducted from the perspectives of thermodynamics, exergoeconomics, and environment, the results demonstrate that the low/mid-grade waste flue gas

Traditional warm-mix asphalt (WMA) faces challenges in reducing mixing temperatures to achieve lower energy consumption. To address this challenge and meet global environmental goals, this study designs various composite warm-mix additives using commonly used additives and their optimal dosages. The viscosity reduction mechanisms of asphalt and asphalt mixtures are examined using viscosity–temperature

Nitrogen fire extinguishing system has a significant development space in the modern fire extinguishing because of its environmental protection, energy saving and high stability. To further broaden the application field of nitrogen fire extinguishing system, a shrinkage size model was used as the research object and combined with simulated flow field analysis. A nitrogen fire extinguishing system was

In recent decades, leading companies and research groups have extensively conducted Multiphysics computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses to evaluate temperature rise in switchgear systems, aiming to meet type-testing requirements specified in IEC standards. However, the complex interaction of geometrical and operational parameters presents significant challenges in interpreting these methods. Artificial

The present research analyzes the properties of a Casson ternary nanofluid over a stretching sheet with Thomson and Troian slip conditions, taking into consideration the influences of electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD). The ternary nanofluid comprises three different nanoparticles, which include titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper (Cu), and silver (Ag), all being suspended in oil, which is the base fluid

The effects of a baffle and chemical reaction (first-order) on liquid flow in an upright double-passage channel were studied using regular perturbation analysis. Each of the two streams has its pressure gradient, temperature and velocity, and the channel is partitioned into two channels by a thin baffle that is fully conductive and flat in shape. The coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations

A microchannel with staggered truncated ribs (MC-STR) is presented. The effects of rib height ratio (α) and rib width ratio (β) on the thermal-hydraulic performance and entropy generation are investigated by numerical simulation at the Reynolds numbers (Re) range of 223–593. Initially, to compare the MC-STR of different α configurations, the traditional ribbed microchannel (MC-TR) and the smooth microchannel

The primary objective of this article is to examine the effect of discrete heating on MHD double-diffusive convection and thermal radiation of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow heat and mass transfer in a vertical cylindrical annulus along with Arrhenius activation energy and chemical reaction. In this study, the cavity inner wall has two distinct flush-mounted heat sources, while the outer wall is isothermally

The application of solar energy in manufacturing processes and thermal power has changed dramatically. This time, the analysis of solar radiation and the possible combination of solar radiation and nanotechnology to increase the efficiency of solar-powered aircraft becomes a significant area of research. Solar-thermal applications often use parabolic trough solar collectors to achieve high temperatures

Effects of the channel-land configuration (CLC) on the temperature-driven (TD) flow have been seldom examined. In this work, a 2-D, non-isothermal, two-phase model incorporating an agglomerate sub-model is established, considering the compression effect and gas diffusion layer (GDL) anisotropy. Results show that the TD flow flux of the through-plane (TP) direction, JTD,TP, is much higher than that

The appropriate use of internal thermal mass in buildings can reduce energy consumption while maintaining thermal comfort. A prerequisite for selecting suitable internal thermal mass is to establish its relationship with indoor air temperature and heat exchange. However, there is currently a lack of analytical models to describe this relationship. This study investigates the dynamic heat transfer performance

Oxygen impurity is unavoidable during the Czochralski (CZ) growth of single silicon crystals. Currently, there are costly methods to control oxygen levels in the final silicon crystal, such as using magnets or high-quality crucibles. This paper proposes a special heater design to decrease and control oxygen concentration during the CZ process without incurring additional costs. Four distinct heater

The petal-type vortex generator inserted tube was proposed in this paper to explore higher heat transfer performance. The k-ω model was selected and a good agreement can be obtained. Basically, the influences of the interval distance t, the angle α and the pitch P were meticulously examined within a Reynolds number spectrum ranging from 5000 to 15,000. The analysis of the internal flow dynamics revealed

Understanding the reversal process of the large-scale circulation will facilitate system recognition of turbulent penetrative Rayleigh-Bénard convection. The present work describes experimental and numerical investigations on the Rayleigh-Bénard flow of water near 4 °C in a box-shaped container. The results indicate that the revised Nusselt number is slightly higher than average Nusselt number with