The Casimir force, which arises from quantum electrodynamic fluctuations, manifests as an attraction between metallic surfaces spaced mere hundreds of nanometers apart. As contemporary device architectures scale down to the nano- and microscales, quantum phenomena exert increasing influence on their behaviors. Nano- and microelectromechanical systems frequently encounter issues such as components adhering or collapsing due to the typically attractive Casimir interactions. Consequently, significant efforts have been devoted to manipulating Casimir forces, aiming to transition them from attractive to repulsive. This ability holds promise for mitigating component collapse in nanodevices and facilitating the realization of quantum levitation and ultralow friction devices. Four primary strategies have been proposed for engineering repulsive Casimir forces: employing liquid media, magnetic materials, thermodynamic nonequilibrium conditions, and specialized geometries. In this review, we examine these approaches for engineering repulsive Casimir forces, analyzing their experimental feasibility, and discussing potential implementations.

中文翻译：

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纳米技术中涉及排斥卡西米尔力的机遇和挑战


卡西米尔力由量子电动涨落产生，表现为相距仅数百纳米的金属表面之间的吸引力。随着现代器件架构缩小到纳米级和微米级，量子现象对其行为的影响越来越大。纳米和微机电系统经常遇到一些问题，例如由于通常有吸引力的 Casimir 相互作用而导致的组件粘附或折叠。因此，人们投入了大量精力来操纵卡齐米尔势力，旨在将其从吸引转变为令人厌恶。这种能力有望减轻纳米器件中的组件崩溃，并促进量子悬浮和超低摩擦器件的实现。对于工程排斥卡西米尔力，已经提出了四种主要策略：使用液体介质、磁性材料、热力学非平衡条件和特殊几何形状。在这篇综述中，我们研究了这些用于工程排斥 Casimir 力的方法，分析了它们的实验可行性，并讨论了可能的实施方式。