The Internal flow mechanisms and windage loss in impeller back gap of a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) radial inflow turbine with scallops are comprehensively investigated in this paper. The study emphasizes the effects of scallop depth and leakage outlet pressure. The results indicate that scallop structures lead to a degradation in overall turbine performance. Under design conditions, a turbine

Despite the impressive characteristics of biological metal organic frameworks (bioMOFs) for their use as drug delivery systems (DDs), there are still some parameters related to their structural stability and processing routes that have decelerated their realistic application in this field. Both drawbacks are unraveled in this work for the microporous bioMOF CaSyr-1 by using supercritical CO2 (scCO2)

This research investigates the extraction of compounds from Nepeta crispa (N. crispa), utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide green solvent, for the first time. Using RSM, the study examines the impact of pressure (15–25 MPa), temperature (313–333 K), and co-solvent (0.5–3.5%) on the extraction yield. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil is assessed through Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

High-pressure gas might affect the molecular chain movement, chain interaction, and crosslinking behavior of MVQ during the saturation process. In this paper, by comparing crosslinking exothermic behaviors of MVQ in air, CO2, and N2, it is found that the supercritical CO2 (scCO2) can promote crosslinking reaction of MVQ through enhancing the swelling and molecular chain's mobility. The result of rheological

Steam explosion (SE) pretreatment and sequentially subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) was studied. Industrially, there is an advantage in using this process strategy, since it uses the same equipment and instrumentation, without the need to transport the raw material in separate stages. The influence of severity factors (SF) (2.75, 3.05, and 3.35) and solvent used (distilled water and 0.5 % w/w of

This pioneering study is the first to explore the extraction of Calycolpus goetheanus using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), novel approach to harnessing the bioactive potential of this Amazonian species. By examining extractions under varying temperatures (35 and 45 °C) and pressures (150, 250, and 350 bar), the research not only evaluates the yields but also uncovers significant differences

Dyes abundance in wastewaters poses environmental threats, and a cost-effective strategy to remediate dyed water is adsorption: this process could be enhanced using nanostructured sorbents, that expose high surface areas.

The impregnation of piperine and black pepper extract into poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) films using supercritical CO2 was investigated. Piperine was a model to determine the influence of operating conditions of pressure (10 and 12 MPa) and temperature (40 and 50 °C) on the impregnation yield. The most favorable conditions were obtained at 10 MPa and 50 °C and were used in the incorporation of piperine

We developed a methodology to study the extraction of high-value solutes directly from suspensions of finely disrupted substrates. For that, we modelled the high-pressure phase equilibrium for the ternary (CO2 + ethanol + water) system using experimental literature data. Different compositions of hydroethanolic mixture and CO2 were loaded into an extraction vessel set at 30–35 MPa and 40–50 °C during

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used as an alternative method of dyeing alpaca fiber. This study analyzes the colorfastness to laundering as a function of operating parameters. The fiber was subjected to a pretreatment (Impregnation), where it was soaked in an acidulated solution of Nylosan Yellow N-3RL dye, squeezed through a padder roller and then dyed in the SC-CO2 system. Dye concentrations

The computation of Global Phase Equilibrium Diagrams (GPED) for binary systems, including critical and three-phase equilibrium curves, is crucial for analyzing process conditions and assessing thermodynamic models. In the past two decades, algorithmic strategies and GPEC software have become essential tools. However, numerical problems can arise with the original algorithm for highly asymmetric systems

Renowned for its medicinal properties, barbatimão bark extract contains bioactive compounds susceptible to degradation, necessitating their safeguarding within a stable matrix for diverse biomedical applications. This study investigates using high-pressure liquid impregnation (HPLI) to load barbatimão extract into biopolymeric membranes at 30, 45, and 60 °C, and 11 MPa. HPLI combines the simplicity

The experimental conditions of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of virgin palm oil (VPO) from oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results showed that a maximum of 28.68 % of VPO extraction was obtained at the optimal experimental conditions of scCO2 extraction: pressure of 31 MPa, temperature of 340 K, and extraction time of 80 min

C-phycocyanin (CPC) is a phycobiliprotein present in spirulina, which, due to its blue color, non-toxic nature, fluorescent and antioxidant properties, is of interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Different methods of extraction and stabilization are being investigated, including supercritical CO2 extraction, a method applied to obtain bioactive compounds from plant matrices. In this work

In this study, the use of supercritical CO2 (scCO2), and compressed propane (CP) were applied to obtain a crude extract rich in d-limonene (DL) from Ponkan waste from the juice industry. The moisture content of the dried waste was 8.53 % and a particle size of 28 mesh was determined for the extractions. Soxhlet extraction was performed with 5 g of waste and 150 mL of n-hexane and showed an extraction

This study investigates the effectiveness of macaúba oil extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide, focusing on determining operational parameters such as temperature and pressure that maximize the quality and yield of the extract obtained. The extraction was carried out using freeze-dried macaúba pulp, under varying conditions of pressure and temperature. The overall yield isotherms of macaúba

This study investigates the mixing behavior in a Y-junction mixer for supercritical water hydrolysis using large eddy simulation with a discrete phase model. Yield changes were simulated using a two-step reaction model with first-order kinetics, based on particles’ temporal temperature data. Effective mixing produced closely matched mass and particle flow temperature distributions, both exhibiting

The catalytic hydrogenation of fumaric acid, a prominent bioplatform molecule, was evaluated over PdRe/SiO2 within a variety of reaction media compositions comprising methanol, water, supercritical CO2, and their assorted combinations with H2, across a range of temperature and pressure regimes. Meticulous manipulation of the reaction media composition facilitated the precise modulation of catalytic

Hesperidin is a rutinoside of flavanone type with relevant therapeutic properties but poor water solubility which limits its therapeutic applicability. However, cyclodextrins (CDs) have been successfully used as drug carriers to enhance the solubility of several drugs, to improve their bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. We report herein the formation of inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin

this study considers the high-pressure behavior of thymol + carvone Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent using a combined experimental and computational approach. Experimentally, PVT (pressure – volume/density - temperature) measurements were conducted to characterize the fluid volumetric behavior as well as compressibility and internal pressure, which are directly related with hydrogen bonding and nanoscopic

Sesame cake was submitted to pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for process optimization. Then, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), followed by optimized PLE were applied to recover the oily fraction and the polar extract, respectively. PLE samples, at optimized condition and from SFE deffated cake, showed high levels of TPC (33.15 and 31.86 mg GAE/g), DPPH (97.64 and 94.38 µmol TE/g), FRAP (46

A fundamental understanding of the interfacial properties at elevated pressure is essential for processes in the context of the energy transition, such as the storage of CO2, H2 or CH4. Systems in such processes have traces of impurities. This work aims to systematically investigate these multi-component systems through simplified vapor-liquid-liquid systems comprising H2O, (n-butanol or n-dodecane)

The supercritical CO2 impregnation of pink pepper essential oil (EO) can bring its bioactive properties to a biomaterial in a green approach, making it multifunctional. Aiming to obtain a gelatin-siloxane cryogel loaded with pink pepper EO for biomedical applications and to understand the impact of the impregnation conditions, gelatin was crosslinked with (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and lyophilized

Two different kinetic models were developed for the kinetic study of Domanic oil shale conversion in the supercritical water. The oil shale reaction order was evaluated with a three-lump reaction scheme taking into account oil shale, gases, and synthetic oil. Contrary to the commonly reported first-order, it was found that a higher order (2.5) is more suitable for the conversion of oil shale at supercritical

Praziquantel (PZQ) is an anthelmintic drug with low solubility, therefore cocrystallization and particle size reduction is desirable to improve bioavailability. In this study, a PZQ-malonic acid cocrystal was micronized by rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS). Due to low solubility in scCO2, four cosolvents were screened as RESS modifiers. While addition of acetone or THF yielded mixtures

This study aimed to develop an efficient method for converting residual biomass into biofuel through a process that combines supercritical fluid extraction and hydrothermal liquefaction. The study analyzed the compositional changes in the biomass residues using various co-solvents and assessed their potential for biofuel production. After hydrothermal liquefaction, the liquid biofuel produced showed

The development of sustainable and efficient methods to prepare slippery lubricant-infused porous surface (SLIPS) is a profound work. In this study, using bilayer polymers restricting foaming mutually, bimodal cells were prepared through bilayer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). At the same time, uniform cells were prepared by bilayer PMMA /thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The prepared porous surfaces

Oils extracted from natural plants are valuable resources because of their diverse biocidal activity against microorganisms. This paper reports, for the first time, supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from Korarima (Aframomum corrorima) seeds and its antibacterial activity evaluation. The influences of pressure, temperature, and extraction time on the yield of supercritical CO2-extracted oil (scCO2-extracted

Cellulose aerogels are interesting platforms for biomedical and drug delivery applications, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, water absorption capacity, and good textural properties. Supercritical CO2 drying has been proven as an efficient technology for obtaining aerogels and preserving the porous structure. In this work, the effect of relevant process variables (CO2 density, depressurization

The application of supercritical fluids as an alternative heat transfer medium in thermal processes is becoming increasingly important, whereby the understanding of their pressure drop characteristics is essential for the process and component design. With a total of 96 experiments, this publication shows a systematic analysis of the pressure drop of CO2 flow at supercritical pressures in a heated

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is proposed for pulmonary administration. In this work micronization of ciprofloxacin was performed by the Supercritical Antisolvent Technique (SAS) using ciprofloxacin base (CIP) in ethanol/acetic acid and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride salt (CIP·HCl) in methanol at 40–60 ºC and 100–150 bar. Yields ranged from 40 % to 90 %. CIP precipitated incorporating

Associative polymers based on acrylic acid and n-butyl methacrylate were synthesized via precipitation polymerization in pressurized carbon dioxide. Physicochemical characterization confirmed BMA incorporation and good reaction yields (>67.1 mol%). Size exclusion chromatography showed bimodal polymer molar mass distribution with distinct average molar masses. Rheological properties of aqueous polymer

This work investigates the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-globalide) using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. Copolymerizations were carried out in a high-pressure variable-volume view cell to evaluate the influence of CO2:monomers mass ratios and the use of chloroform as a cosolvent. Also, Novozym® 435 and Lipura® Flex were compared as catalysts. The highest

Flexible and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding polymer composite foams are rapidly developing, but it is difficult to avoid the deterioration of shielding properties after foaming. To solve the issue, in this work, composite foams with multivariate gradient structure of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) mixed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were constructed by combining

The production manufacture of juices generates a large amount of waste consisting mainly of fruit peels. The peels are source of molecules such as coumarins and flavonoids. In this study, the peels of Citrus limonia, Citrus deliciosa, Citrus latifolia and Citrus sinensis were the raw material for supercritical fluid extraction. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the global yield in function

Polymer nanocomposite foams with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance have become the research hotspot to reduce electromagnetic wave pollution. Herein, we prepared polyethylene/poly (vinylidene fluoride)/carbon nanotubes/Fe3O4(PE/PVDF/Fe3O4/CNTs) nanocomposites and nanocomposite foams by following the simple melt blending and batch foaming procedures. The co-continuous structure

The acerola non-pomace, a by-product from the juice clarification step and rich in phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid, was investigated for its biological potential through tests. Extracts were obtained using hydrothermal extraction (HT) at 121°C as well as CO-expanded ethanol (GXL) at 40°C. The GXL extract contained 159 mg/g of ascorbic acid, while the HT extract showed 70 mg/g. Catechin was found

Cosmetics typically contain artificial substances that could be harmful to people's health. Extended usage and exposure to these harmful substances are frequently linked to a number of negative impacts and illnesses. This study processed a rind, rich in natural antityrosinase properties, with a chemometric-assisted green extraction system. The TPC value was obtained at the optimum conditions (34.4 MPa

Propane oxidation in supercritical water was investigated at iso-thermal iso-baric conditions using a batch reactor facility. Mixtures were comprised of 0.014 % propane by volume with an equivalence ratio of 0.8 and a total density of 222 mg/mL or 610 mg/mL. Reaction times ranged from 8 to 30 min for a temperature of 375ºC at 220 or 400 bar, or 400ºC at 220 bar. Major reaction products were CO and

This work investigated the phase behavior of the system sc-CO + ethanolic extract of passion fruit bagasse (EEPFB) and the effect of operation modes on the supercritical fluid impregnation (SFI) of phenolic compounds from EEPFB in corn starch aerogels. The total reducing capacity, antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ORAC), piceatannol amount and SFI yield (%) were evaluated. Three of the four system compositions

Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) foam is a potential alternative to conventional packaging materials. However, its wide adoption is hindered by issues such as low foaming–expansion ratios and shrinkage. A series of biodegradable epoxidized cardanol (EC)-modified PBAT foams were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO) foaming. The addition of EC enhanced the crystallisation temperature

L. extracts (Mo) have attracted attention as a sustainable and effective alternative to synthetic ingredients for cosmetic formulations. The unique and diverse phytochemical profile of the Mo tree enhances the quality and appeal of commercial products, as evidenced by numerous studies and patents. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO) is particularly advantageous for this purpose, offering

Supercritical cryogenic fluids exhibit significant potential for diverse applications across various industries, including liquid air energy storage, high-temperature superconducting cables, and hypersonic vehicle engine cooling. Heat transfer deterioration (HTD) poses a substantial risk to the system safety. In this study, we constructed an experimental system and performed numerical simulations to

The solubility of carbon dioxide in two solvents, 2,5-dimethylfuran and methyl levulinate, were measured to high pressure, up to 9.1 MPa, at three different temperatures (283.15, 303.15 and 323.15) K. The new data were measured using both the isothermal synthetic technique and the variable volume synthetic method. Two methods were utilised to provide a level of data validation. The uncertainties in

In this study, pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) was evaluated for the recovery of anti-diabetic borapetoside C (BPC) from stems. The maximum BPC extraction efficiency obtained at 100 ˚C, 2.5 MPa and 5.0 mL/min was considerably higher than that obtained by the conventional methods. Under optimized conditions, one-site kinetic desorption model could most accurately describe the PHWE behavior,

KCO has a good catalytic effect in supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal. However, researchers have mainly focused on the effects of coal gasification, while the potassium mass transfer process has rarely been studied. Herein, the distribution pattern of potassium during the SCWG of coal and the factors influencing potassium deactivation were experimentally obtained. Through the detection

In this work, we measure the density and viscosity of CO saturated orange peel oil liquid mixtures under moderated pressure for the purpose of supercritical process engineering design. A high-pressure falling weight viscometer is used to measure the viscosity of saturated liquid mixtures of orange oil + CO at different temperatures (293 K to 333 K) and saturated pressures (2 MPa to 10.3 MPa). An important

This work aimed to obtain extracts from leaves through ultrasonic pretreatment in supercritical CO extraction (UAE+SFE). A central composite design was used to evaluate the influence of temperature (36–64 °C), pressure (8–20 MPa), and cosolvent (0–20 %w) in terms of overall yield and chemical composition. Morphology using scanning electron micrograph (SEM), total phenolic content, content of total

Farmed large yellow croaker fish have stronger fishy smell and less tender texture than wild-caught ones, mostly caused by the high fat accumulation from aquaculture feeding patterns. To improve the commercial value of fillets, this study investigated a mild subcritical fluid treatment with subcritical butane (SBE) and dimethyl ether (SDME). Changes in the chemical compositions, volatile flavor compounds

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of X80 carbon steel was investigated in a supercritical CO (sCO) environment at 60 ℃ and 9 MPa, by in-situ experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealing the corrosion mechanism. For in situ electrochemical measurements, two novel CO-rich and HO-rich cells were developed to replace the traditional three-electrode cell. Electrochemical

Expanded polystyrene (ePS) plays an important role in the food packaging industry. However, the foaming process is environmentally unfriendly. A sustainable alternative is dissolving supercritical CO (scCO) in the polystyrene (PS) matrix. Most studies so far were performed at temperatures above the PS glass transition temperature; however, a more general temperature window is desirable. In this work

is an invasive plant containing Sulfated Flavonoids (SFs) with therapeutic potential. The extraction of these compounds would add value to the biomass generated during weeding. This work reports the optimization of the pretreatment of leaves with supercritical CO (P-SC-CO) prior extraction of these compounds using subcritical water extraction. The combined effect of different levels of the three factors

Compressed -propane extraction (CPE) was applied to umari fruit ( Tul.) pulp to obtain an oil rich in high added-value components. CPE was performed at different temperatures and flow rate, which was compared to conventional extraction (Soxhlet). The oils were analyzed for global yields, fatty acid composition, β-carotene content, antioxidant activity, total phenolics content (TPC) total flavonoids

This work introduces a pumpless high-pressure Soxhlet cross-current solid-liquid extraction method using liquid CO and hydrated ethanol for studying the decaffeination of yerba mate. By combining experimental results with thermodynamic modelling, a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the co-solvent composition is achieved. It is observed that an ethanol/water mixture with a specific composition

Sequential extraction (SE) using supercritical CO plus ethanol was applied to separate resin from bacuri fruit shell, where process parameters such as particle size, pressure and cosolvent use were studied. The extracts obtained were also analyzed for phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The extraction results showed that SE was able to separate the resin, which is the first report described