To achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the CO2 transcritical power cycle is regarded as a promising technology for waste heat recovery. Variations in the working conditions of the engine can lead to significant fluctuations in waste heat. Therefore, to enhance adaptability to changes in heat sources, this study focuses on natural gas engines and proposes a dual split flow system for

Knowledge of phase equilibria and critical properties of CO2 + carboxylic acid systems is essential for supercritical fluid extraction (SCFE) processes, such as oil deacidification. However, modeling these systems is challenging due to their highly asymmetrical behavior. In this study, we apply the Group Contribution with Association Equation of State (GCA-EOS) to model vapor−liquid and liquid−liquid

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) involves several techniques, including the injection of gas (such as natural gas, nitrogen, or CO2) into the reservoir to increase its pressure, thereby displacing oil from one or more injection wells to production wells. For this process to be effective, it is essential that the injected gas and the oil reach a homogeneous state. Particularly, the First-Contact Minimum

Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) technology enables the efficient utilisation of lignite to produce H2, CO, and CO2. Coal gasification differs under different atmospheres and H2 promotes the pyrolysis of carbon structures. While simultaneous increases in H2, CO, and CO2 are observed, their combined effect on the SCWG of coal remains unknown. Formic acid (FA) was used to produce H2, CO, and CO2

High-temperature components in the supercritical power plant experienced alternating thermal stresses under deep peak regulation, accelerating the cracking and spalling of the oxide film formed on the steam-side of super-heaters and re-heaters. This study employed the corrosion testing and finite element simulations to investigate the failure behavior of oxide films on super-heaters made by heat-resistant

Agro-industrial residues, such as soybean husks, are low-cost and can be converted into products. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of temperature (230, 260, 300, and 340 °C) and the solvent/feed ratio (40 and 80) in the subcritical water process in semi-continuous mode under soybean husks in fermentable sugar, platform chemicals, bio-oil and hydrochar yields. Contextually

Chemical depolymerization of polylactic acid (PLA) was demonstrated in supercritical carbon dioxide medium. No catalyst, organic solvent or water was employed in the reaction. The primary feedstocks used in ring opening polymerization of PLA, lactide isomers, were produced with high yield. More specifically, lactides were produced as the sole nongaseous products with a 93 % yield based on the initial

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was selected as the medium for the synthesis and dyeing of four naphthalimide dyes (Y-1, Y-2, Y-3, and Y-4). They were synthesized through the reaction of 4-bromo-1,8-naphthalene dianhydride with various amines. These dyes demonstrated good photophysical properties and thermal stability, aligning with the prerequisites for scCO2 dyeing. Consequently, the scCO2 dyeing

Biocompatible implants are essential for improving human health and longevity. Incorporating bioactive compounds, such as eugenol, into implant materials can improve biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. This study examines the effects of supercritical eugenol impregnation on the physical properties of 3D-printed polylactic acid samples produced by Fused Deposition Modeling. Impregnation was performed

This study aimed to obtain bioactive compounds from the residue from pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merril) juice processing, using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The SFE were performed using ethanol as a co-solvent and evaluating different pressure, temperature, and co-solvent percentage. For the PLE, temperature and ethanol percentage were assessed. The

The effects of the extraction conditions on the recovery and isomerization of the UV-absorbing saclipins from the edible cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum by subcritical water were investigated. The extraction temperature (100–160 ℃) did not affect the extraction efficiency of saclipins, but the pressure (5–15 MPa) had a significant effect. The saclipin B (cis-configuration) ratio in the extract increased

Ilex paraguariensis is a source of bioactive compounds, which have been demonstrated to mitigate neurological disorders and enhance athletic performance. This study aimed to decaffeinate yerba mate using supercritical fluid extraction, followed by caffeine purification. The purified extract was encapsulated in gelatin via spray drying, and its release profile was evaluated in simulated gastric fluid

To meet the demands of the evolving circular economy, there is a growing need for renewable resources as base materials for innovative, easily recyclable products. Lignin, the second most abundant biopolymer, has emerged as a promising source of aromatics and reinforcing agent in polymer composites. For the successful manufacturing of homogeneous composite materials, good bonding between the coexisting

Araçaúna (Psidium myrtoides) is a native fruit from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. It was studied for the proximate composition of its flour and sequential extraction using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in the first stage with CO2 and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with ethanol and water in the second and third stages, respectively, at 50°C and 60°C. The proximate analysis revealed essential

Carrageenan, a polysaccharide mostly extracted from Kappaphycus alvarezii (KA), is valuable for cosmetic and food uses due to large quantities of κ-carrageenan. High-pressure sequential extractions can recover high-purity carrageenan from KA, adequate for aerogel production. The biopolymer properties such as size, shape, and sulphate groups affect the gel form and aerogel characteristics. In this work

The Internal flow mechanisms and windage loss in impeller back gap of a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) radial inflow turbine with scallops are comprehensively investigated in this paper. The study emphasizes the effects of scallop depth and leakage outlet pressure. The results indicate that scallop structures lead to a degradation in overall turbine performance. Under design conditions, a turbine

Despite the impressive characteristics of biological metal organic frameworks (bioMOFs) for their use as drug delivery systems (DDs), there are still some parameters related to their structural stability and processing routes that have decelerated their realistic application in this field. Both drawbacks are unraveled in this work for the microporous bioMOF CaSyr-1 by using supercritical CO2 (scCO2)

This research investigates the extraction of compounds from Nepeta crispa (N. crispa), utilizing supercritical carbon dioxide green solvent, for the first time. Using RSM, the study examines the impact of pressure (15–25 MPa), temperature (313–333 K), and co-solvent (0.5–3.5%) on the extraction yield. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil is assessed through Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

The transcritical CO2 (T-CO2) power cycle is regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to the steam power cycle in nuclear power plants. However, these plants often operate with transient cold source conditions, leading to deviations from the optimal design point and performance degradation. Therefore, this study examines a double recompression T-CO2 power cycle to optimize the design point

High-pressure gas might affect the molecular chain movement, chain interaction, and crosslinking behavior of MVQ during the saturation process. In this paper, by comparing crosslinking exothermic behaviors of MVQ in air, CO2, and N2, it is found that the supercritical CO2 (scCO2) can promote crosslinking reaction of MVQ through enhancing the swelling and molecular chain's mobility. The result of rheological

Steam explosion (SE) pretreatment and sequentially subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) was studied. Industrially, there is an advantage in using this process strategy, since it uses the same equipment and instrumentation, without the need to transport the raw material in separate stages. The influence of severity factors (SF) (2.75, 3.05, and 3.35) and solvent used (distilled water and 0.5 % w/w of

This pioneering study is the first to explore the extraction of Calycolpus goetheanus using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), novel approach to harnessing the bioactive potential of this Amazonian species. By examining extractions under varying temperatures (35 and 45 °C) and pressures (150, 250, and 350 bar), the research not only evaluates the yields but also uncovers significant differences

Dyes abundance in wastewaters poses environmental threats, and a cost-effective strategy to remediate dyed water is adsorption: this process could be enhanced using nanostructured sorbents, that expose high surface areas.

The impregnation of piperine and black pepper extract into poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) films using supercritical CO2 was investigated. Piperine was a model to determine the influence of operating conditions of pressure (10 and 12 MPa) and temperature (40 and 50 °C) on the impregnation yield. The most favorable conditions were obtained at 10 MPa and 50 °C and were used in the incorporation of piperine

We developed a methodology to study the extraction of high-value solutes directly from suspensions of finely disrupted substrates. For that, we modelled the high-pressure phase equilibrium for the ternary (CO2 + ethanol + water) system using experimental literature data. Different compositions of hydroethanolic mixture and CO2 were loaded into an extraction vessel set at 30–35 MPa and 40–50 °C during

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used as an alternative method of dyeing alpaca fiber. This study analyzes the colorfastness to laundering as a function of operating parameters. The fiber was subjected to a pretreatment (Impregnation), where it was soaked in an acidulated solution of Nylosan Yellow N-3RL dye, squeezed through a padder roller and then dyed in the SC-CO2 system. Dye concentrations

The computation of Global Phase Equilibrium Diagrams (GPED) for binary systems, including critical and three-phase equilibrium curves, is crucial for analyzing process conditions and assessing thermodynamic models. In the past two decades, algorithmic strategies and GPEC software have become essential tools. However, numerical problems can arise with the original algorithm for highly asymmetric systems

Renowned for its medicinal properties, barbatimão bark extract contains bioactive compounds susceptible to degradation, necessitating their safeguarding within a stable matrix for diverse biomedical applications. This study investigates using high-pressure liquid impregnation (HPLI) to load barbatimão extract into biopolymeric membranes at 30, 45, and 60 °C, and 11 MPa. HPLI combines the simplicity

The experimental conditions of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of virgin palm oil (VPO) from oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results showed that a maximum of 28.68 % of VPO extraction was obtained at the optimal experimental conditions of scCO2 extraction: pressure of 31 MPa, temperature of 340 K, and extraction time of 80 min

C-phycocyanin (CPC) is a phycobiliprotein present in spirulina, which, due to its blue color, non-toxic nature, fluorescent and antioxidant properties, is of interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Different methods of extraction and stabilization are being investigated, including supercritical CO2 extraction, a method applied to obtain bioactive compounds from plant matrices. In this work

In this study, the use of supercritical CO2 (scCO2), and compressed propane (CP) were applied to obtain a crude extract rich in d-limonene (DL) from Ponkan waste from the juice industry. The moisture content of the dried waste was 8.53 % and a particle size of 28 mesh was determined for the extractions. Soxhlet extraction was performed with 5 g of waste and 150 mL of n-hexane and showed an extraction

This study investigates the effectiveness of macaúba oil extraction using supercritical carbon dioxide, focusing on determining operational parameters such as temperature and pressure that maximize the quality and yield of the extract obtained. The extraction was carried out using freeze-dried macaúba pulp, under varying conditions of pressure and temperature. The overall yield isotherms of macaúba

This study investigates the mixing behavior in a Y-junction mixer for supercritical water hydrolysis using large eddy simulation with a discrete phase model. Yield changes were simulated using a two-step reaction model with first-order kinetics, based on particles’ temporal temperature data. Effective mixing produced closely matched mass and particle flow temperature distributions, both exhibiting

The catalytic hydrogenation of fumaric acid, a prominent bioplatform molecule, was evaluated over PdRe/SiO2 within a variety of reaction media compositions comprising methanol, water, supercritical CO2, and their assorted combinations with H2, across a range of temperature and pressure regimes. Meticulous manipulation of the reaction media composition facilitated the precise modulation of catalytic

Hesperidin is a rutinoside of flavanone type with relevant therapeutic properties but poor water solubility which limits its therapeutic applicability. However, cyclodextrins (CDs) have been successfully used as drug carriers to enhance the solubility of several drugs, to improve their bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. We report herein the formation of inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin

this study considers the high-pressure behavior of thymol + carvone Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent using a combined experimental and computational approach. Experimentally, PVT (pressure – volume/density - temperature) measurements were conducted to characterize the fluid volumetric behavior as well as compressibility and internal pressure, which are directly related with hydrogen bonding and nanoscopic

Sesame cake was submitted to pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for process optimization. Then, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), followed by optimized PLE were applied to recover the oily fraction and the polar extract, respectively. PLE samples, at optimized condition and from SFE deffated cake, showed high levels of TPC (33.15 and 31.86 mg GAE/g), DPPH (97.64 and 94.38 µmol TE/g), FRAP (46

A fundamental understanding of the interfacial properties at elevated pressure is essential for processes in the context of the energy transition, such as the storage of CO2, H2 or CH4. Systems in such processes have traces of impurities. This work aims to systematically investigate these multi-component systems through simplified vapor-liquid-liquid systems comprising H2O, (n-butanol or n-dodecane)

The supercritical CO2 impregnation of pink pepper essential oil (EO) can bring its bioactive properties to a biomaterial in a green approach, making it multifunctional. Aiming to obtain a gelatin-siloxane cryogel loaded with pink pepper EO for biomedical applications and to understand the impact of the impregnation conditions, gelatin was crosslinked with (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxysilane and lyophilized

Two different kinetic models were developed for the kinetic study of Domanic oil shale conversion in the supercritical water. The oil shale reaction order was evaluated with a three-lump reaction scheme taking into account oil shale, gases, and synthetic oil. Contrary to the commonly reported first-order, it was found that a higher order (2.5) is more suitable for the conversion of oil shale at supercritical

Praziquantel (PZQ) is an anthelmintic drug with low solubility, therefore cocrystallization and particle size reduction is desirable to improve bioavailability. In this study, a PZQ-malonic acid cocrystal was micronized by rapid expansion of supercritical solution (RESS). Due to low solubility in scCO2, four cosolvents were screened as RESS modifiers. While addition of acetone or THF yielded mixtures

This study aimed to develop an efficient method for converting residual biomass into biofuel through a process that combines supercritical fluid extraction and hydrothermal liquefaction. The study analyzed the compositional changes in the biomass residues using various co-solvents and assessed their potential for biofuel production. After hydrothermal liquefaction, the liquid biofuel produced showed

The development of sustainable and efficient methods to prepare slippery lubricant-infused porous surface (SLIPS) is a profound work. In this study, using bilayer polymers restricting foaming mutually, bimodal cells were prepared through bilayer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). At the same time, uniform cells were prepared by bilayer PMMA /thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The prepared porous surfaces

Oils extracted from natural plants are valuable resources because of their diverse biocidal activity against microorganisms. This paper reports, for the first time, supercritical CO2 extraction of oil from Korarima (Aframomum corrorima) seeds and its antibacterial activity evaluation. The influences of pressure, temperature, and extraction time on the yield of supercritical CO2-extracted oil (scCO2-extracted

Cellulose aerogels are interesting platforms for biomedical and drug delivery applications, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, water absorption capacity, and good textural properties. Supercritical CO2 drying has been proven as an efficient technology for obtaining aerogels and preserving the porous structure. In this work, the effect of relevant process variables (CO2 density, depressurization

The application of supercritical fluids as an alternative heat transfer medium in thermal processes is becoming increasingly important, whereby the understanding of their pressure drop characteristics is essential for the process and component design. With a total of 96 experiments, this publication shows a systematic analysis of the pressure drop of CO2 flow at supercritical pressures in a heated

Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is proposed for pulmonary administration. In this work micronization of ciprofloxacin was performed by the Supercritical Antisolvent Technique (SAS) using ciprofloxacin base (CIP) in ethanol/acetic acid and ciprofloxacin hydrochloride salt (CIP·HCl) in methanol at 40–60 ºC and 100–150 bar. Yields ranged from 40 % to 90 %. CIP precipitated incorporating

Associative polymers based on acrylic acid and n-butyl methacrylate were synthesized via precipitation polymerization in pressurized carbon dioxide. Physicochemical characterization confirmed BMA incorporation and good reaction yields (>67.1 mol%). Size exclusion chromatography showed bimodal polymer molar mass distribution with distinct average molar masses. Rheological properties of aqueous polymer

This work investigates the enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-globalide) using supercritical carbon dioxide as a solvent. Copolymerizations were carried out in a high-pressure variable-volume view cell to evaluate the influence of CO2:monomers mass ratios and the use of chloroform as a cosolvent. Also, Novozym® 435 and Lipura® Flex were compared as catalysts. The highest

Flexible and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding polymer composite foams are rapidly developing, but it is difficult to avoid the deterioration of shielding properties after foaming. To solve the issue, in this work, composite foams with multivariate gradient structure of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) mixed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were constructed by combining

The production manufacture of juices generates a large amount of waste consisting mainly of fruit peels. The peels are source of molecules such as coumarins and flavonoids. In this study, the peels of Citrus limonia, Citrus deliciosa, Citrus latifolia and Citrus sinensis were the raw material for supercritical fluid extraction. The Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the global yield in function

Polymer nanocomposite foams with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance have become the research hotspot to reduce electromagnetic wave pollution. Herein, we prepared polyethylene/poly (vinylidene fluoride)/carbon nanotubes/Fe3O4(PE/PVDF/Fe3O4/CNTs) nanocomposites and nanocomposite foams by following the simple melt blending and batch foaming procedures. The co-continuous structure

The acerola non-pomace, a by-product from the juice clarification step and rich in phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid, was investigated for its biological potential through tests. Extracts were obtained using hydrothermal extraction (HT) at 121°C as well as CO-expanded ethanol (GXL) at 40°C. The GXL extract contained 159 mg/g of ascorbic acid, while the HT extract showed 70 mg/g. Catechin was found

Cosmetics typically contain artificial substances that could be harmful to people's health. Extended usage and exposure to these harmful substances are frequently linked to a number of negative impacts and illnesses. This study processed a rind, rich in natural antityrosinase properties, with a chemometric-assisted green extraction system. The TPC value was obtained at the optimum conditions (34.4 MPa

Propane oxidation in supercritical water was investigated at iso-thermal iso-baric conditions using a batch reactor facility. Mixtures were comprised of 0.014 % propane by volume with an equivalence ratio of 0.8 and a total density of 222 mg/mL or 610 mg/mL. Reaction times ranged from 8 to 30 min for a temperature of 375ºC at 220 or 400 bar, or 400ºC at 220 bar. Major reaction products were CO and

This work investigated the phase behavior of the system sc-CO + ethanolic extract of passion fruit bagasse (EEPFB) and the effect of operation modes on the supercritical fluid impregnation (SFI) of phenolic compounds from EEPFB in corn starch aerogels. The total reducing capacity, antioxidant capacity (FRAP and ORAC), piceatannol amount and SFI yield (%) were evaluated. Three of the four system compositions

Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) foam is a potential alternative to conventional packaging materials. However, its wide adoption is hindered by issues such as low foaming–expansion ratios and shrinkage. A series of biodegradable epoxidized cardanol (EC)-modified PBAT foams were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO) foaming. The addition of EC enhanced the crystallisation temperature

L. extracts (Mo) have attracted attention as a sustainable and effective alternative to synthetic ingredients for cosmetic formulations. The unique and diverse phytochemical profile of the Mo tree enhances the quality and appeal of commercial products, as evidenced by numerous studies and patents. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO) is particularly advantageous for this purpose, offering

Supercritical cryogenic fluids exhibit significant potential for diverse applications across various industries, including liquid air energy storage, high-temperature superconducting cables, and hypersonic vehicle engine cooling. Heat transfer deterioration (HTD) poses a substantial risk to the system safety. In this study, we constructed an experimental system and performed numerical simulations to

The solubility of carbon dioxide in two solvents, 2,5-dimethylfuran and methyl levulinate, were measured to high pressure, up to 9.1 MPa, at three different temperatures (283.15, 303.15 and 323.15) K. The new data were measured using both the isothermal synthetic technique and the variable volume synthetic method. Two methods were utilised to provide a level of data validation. The uncertainties in