Discovering light dosimeters that can function effectively from liquid nitrogen temperature to 700 K presents significant challenges. Such dosimeters facilitate a range of cutting-edge applications, including anti-counterfeiting measures at low temperature for cryo-preservation. To facilitate such discovery, stacked vacuum referred binding energy diagrams for the LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals have been first constructed. They offer a robust method for controlling both electron and hole trapping depth in the LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals. Wide temperature shifting of Bi2+ and Eu2+ thermoluminescence (TL) glow bands emerges from 200 to 500 K for LiYxLu1-xGeO4:0.01Bi3+ and LiYxLu1-xGeO4:0.01Bi3+, 0.001Eu3+, by changing x, facilitating conduction band tailoring. Wide temperature shifting of Bi4+ TL glow bands emerges from 300 to 700 K for LiYGezSi1-zO4:0.01Bi3+, by tuning z, facilitating valence band tailoring. TL glow band peaks near 135, 185, 232, and 311 K emerge in LiyNa1-yYGeO4: 0.001Bi3+. Particularly, the discovered Bi3+ or/and lanthanide modified LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals exhibit superior charge carrier storage capacity and minimal TL fading properties. For instance, the ratio of TL intensity of the optimized LiYGe0.75Si0.25O4:0.001Bi3+ to that of industrial BaFBr(I):Eu2+ is as high as ∼4. Interestingly, imaging of intense optically driven Bi3+ ultraviolet-A (UVA) luminescence has been validated in 254 nm energized LiY0.25Lu0.75GeO4:0.01Bi3+ with a 100 lux white LED illumination. Together with ZnS:Mn2+, LiTaO3:Bi3+, Sm3+, and Cs2ZrCl6:Sb3+ perovskites, the realization of wide range liquid nitrogen temperature to 700 K Bi3+ thermoluminescence in Bi3+ or/and lanthanide modified LiYGeO4 cluster of crystals with superior charge carrier storage capacity offers promising use for versatile anti-counterfeiting, information storage, and delayed x-ray imaging purposes.

中文翻译：

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液氮温度至 700 K Bi3+ 热释光：面向宽温度范围的个人暴露计，用于多功能防伪、信息存储和 X 射线成像


发现可以在液氮温度到 700 K 范围内有效工作的轻型剂量计是一项重大挑战。这种剂量计促进了一系列尖端应用，包括低温防伪措施以进行冷冻保存。为了促进这种发现，首先构建了 LiYGeO4 晶体簇的堆叠真空参考结合能图。它们为控制 LiYGeO4 晶体簇中的电子和空穴捕获深度提供了一种可靠的方法。对于LiYxLu1-xGeO4：0.01Bi3+和LiYxLu1-xGeO4：0.01Bi3+，0.001Eu3+，Bi2+和Eu2+热释光（TL）辉光带在200至500 K之间出现宽温度变化，通过改变x，促进导带定制。通过调谐 z，LiYGezSi1-zO4：0.01Bi3+ 的 Bi4+ TL 辉光带从 300 K 到 700 K 出现宽温移，促进价带定制。TL 辉光带峰出现在 135、185、232 和 311 K 附近，位于 LiyNa1-yYGeO4： 0.001Bi3+ 中。特别是，发现的 Bi3+ 或/和镧系元素修饰的 LiYGeO4 晶体簇表现出优异的电荷载流子存储容量和最小的 TL 衰落特性。例如，优化的 LiYGe0.75Si0.25O4：0.001Bi3+ 与工业 BaFBr（I）：Eu2+ 的 TL 强度之比高达 ∼4。有趣的是，在 254 nm 通电的 LiY0.25Lu0.75GeO4：0.01Bi3+ 和 100 lux 白光 LED 照明中，强光学驱动的 Bi3+ 紫外线 A （UVA） 发光成像已得到验证。 与 ZnS：Mn2+、LiTaO3：Bi3+、Sm3+ 和 Cs2ZrCl6：Sb3+ 钙钛矿一起，在 Bi3+ 或/和镧系元素改性的 LiYGeO4 晶体簇中实现宽范围液氮温度至 700 K Bi3+ 热释光，具有优异的电荷载流子存储能力，为多功能防伪、信息存储和延迟 X 射线成像目的提供了广阔的用途。