Third-generation photovoltaic materials, including metal halide perovskites (MHPs), colloidal quantum dots (QDs), copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS), and organic semiconductors, among others, have become attractive in the past two decades. Unlike their first- and second-generation counterparts, these advanced materials boast properties beyond mere photovoltaic performance, such as mechanical flexibility, light weight, and cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, these materials possess more intricate crystalline structures that aid in understanding and predicting their transport properties. In particular, the distinctive phonon dispersions in MHPs, the layered architecture in quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, the strong quantum confinement in QDs, and the complex crystal structures interspersed with abundant disorders in quaternary CZTS result in unique and sometimes anomalous thermal transport behaviors. Concurrently, the criticality of thermal management in applications such as photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, light emitting diodes, and photodetection devices has received increased recognition, considering that many of these third-generation photovoltaic materials are not good thermal conductors. Effective thermal management necessitates precise measurement, advanced modeling, and a profound understanding and interpretation of thermal transport properties in these novel materials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of various techniques for measuring thermal transport properties of these materials and discuss the ultralow thermal conductivities of three-dimensional (3D) MHPs, superlattice-like thermal transport in 2D perovskites, and novel thermal transport characteristics inherent in QDs and CZTS. By collecting and comparing the literature-reported results, we offer a thorough discussion on the thermal transport phenomenon in these materials. The collective understanding from the literature in this area, as reviewed in this article, can provide guidance for improving thermal management across a wide spectrum of applications extending beyond photovoltaics.

中文翻译：

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金属卤化物钙钛矿和其他第三代光伏材料中的热传输


第三代光伏材料，包括金属卤化物钙钛矿 （MHP）、胶体量子点 （QD）、铜锌硫化锡 （CZTS） 和有机半导体等，在过去二十年中变得很有吸引力。与第一代和第二代材料不同，这些先进材料拥有的特性不仅仅是光伏性能，例如机械柔韧性、重量轻和成本效益。同时，这些材料具有更复杂的晶体结构，有助于理解和预测它们的传输特性。特别是，MHP 中独特的声子分散、准二维 （2D） 钙钛矿中的层状结构、QD 中的强量子限制以及四元 CZTS 中穿插着大量无序的复杂晶体结构，导致了独特且有时异常的热传输行为。同时，考虑到这些第三代光伏材料中的许多都不是良好的热导体，热管理在光伏、热电、发光二极管和光检测设备等应用中的重要性得到了越来越多的认可。有效的热管理需要精确的测量、先进的建模以及对这些新型材料的热传输特性的深刻理解和解释。在这篇综述中，我们全面总结了测量这些材料的热传输特性的各种技术，并讨论了三维 （3D） MHP 的超低热导率、二维钙钛矿中的超晶格状热传输以及 QD 和 CZTS 固有的新型热传输特性。 通过收集和比较文献报道的结果，我们对这些材料中的热传输现象进行了深入的讨论。正如本文所回顾的，该领域文献的集体理解可以为改进光伏以外的广泛应用的热管理提供指导。