Atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutation and co-mutation with ethanol were employed to generate Haematococcus pluvialis mutants AV3 and AV8. These mutants were screened using multiple indices of chlorophyll fluorescence, quantum yield, lethality, growth rate, dry cell weight, and lipid content. Compared to the wild strain, the mutants demonstrated genetic stability (*p > 0.05) over three cultivation periods, with biomass, lipid content, and growth rate increasing by over 16 %, 55 %, and 45 %, respectively. Lipid accumulation was correlated with higher activities of key lipid biosynthesis enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and diacylglycerol acyltransferases. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed differentially expressed genes and differential metabolites, with significant changes in glutathione, arginine and Pyruvate metabolism pathways. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms behind enhanced lipid synthesis and highlights the potential of plasma mutation for improving lipid production in microalgae, offering a promising avenue for biofuel production.

中文翻译：

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转录组学和代谢组学揭示了在常压和室温血浆与乙醇共突变的雨生红球藻中促进脂质产生的分子机制


采用常压和室温血浆突变以及与乙醇的共突变生成雨生红球藻突变体 AV3 和 AV8。使用叶绿素荧光、量子产率、致死率、生长速率、干细胞重量和脂质含量的多个指标筛选这些突变体。与野生菌株相比，突变体在三个培养期内表现出遗传稳定性 （*p > 0.05），生物量、脂质含量和生长速率分别增加了 16 % 、 55 % 和 45 % 以上。脂质积累与关键脂质生物合成酶、乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶和甘油二酰基转移酶的较高活性相关。转录组学和代谢组学分析揭示了差异表达的基因和差异代谢物，谷胱甘肽、精氨酸和丙酮酸代谢途径发生了显著变化。这项研究为增强脂质合成背后的分子机制提供了新的见解，并强调了血浆突变改善微藻中脂质产生的潜力，为生物燃料生产提供了一条有前途的途径。