Leveraging biofuel derived from biomass stands as a pivotal strategy in reducing CO2 emissions and mitigating the greenhouse effect. Biomass serves as a clean, renewable energy source, offering inherent benefits. However, despite its advantages, biomass encounters obstacles hindering its widespread industrial applications, including its relatively low calorific value, limited grindability, high water content, and susceptibility to corrosion. The torrefaction process has garnered significant attention as an effective method for enhancing the quality of raw biomass for energy production. In this review, we briefly discussed the mechanism of bio-coal preparation using biomass, physico-chemical characterization of different torrefied feedstocks, and the effect of torrefaction parameters, along with the effect of the different types of reactors on biomass torrefaction. Furthermore, bio-coal’s emission characteristics and fuel quality throughout the thermal treatment have been covered. Thus, bio-coal finds a wide range of applications in sustainable energy generation, environmental remediation, agri-food development, polymer composites, and others.

中文翻译：

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农工渣油热解制生物煤：其理化特性及其在能源和环境保护中的潜在应用


利用来自生物质的生物燃料是减少二氧化碳排放和减轻温室效应的关键策略。生物质是一种清洁的可再生能源，具有固有的好处。然而，尽管具有优势，但生物质遇到了阻碍其广泛工业应用的障碍，包括其相对较低的热值、有限的可研磨性、高含水量和易腐蚀。焙烧过程作为提高能源生产原料生物质质量的有效方法而受到广泛关注。在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了使用生物质制备生物煤的机理、不同焙烧原料的物理化学表征、焙烧参数的影响，以及不同类型反应器对生物质焙烧的影响。此外，生物煤在整个热处理过程中的排放特性和燃料质量也被涵盖在内。因此，生物煤在可持续能源生产、环境修复、农业食品开发、聚合物复合材料等领域得到了广泛的应用。