During the boreal winter, the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences the East Asia-western North Pacific (WNP) climate by triggering an anomalous WNP anticyclone (WNPAC). Analysis of a suite of coupled model projections under symmetric CO₂ ramp-up (RU) and ramp-down (RD) scenarios, the results reveal that WNPAC strengthens with increasing CO₂ concentrations, peaks early in the CO₂ RD phase, and then gradually weakens without fully returning to its initial state when CO₂ concentrations restore. The irreversible recovery of WNPAC is related to enhanced negative precipitation anomalies in the tropical WNP and positive precipitation anomalies in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific. These changed precipitation anomalies are primarily driven by the climatological equatorial Pacific El Niño-like warming pattern due to various external and internal feedback processes. Our findings indicate that the irreversible change of WNPAC to CO₂ forcing may hinder the winter monsoon and exacerbate climate risks in the East Asia-WNP region.

在北方冬季，厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 （ENSO） 通过触发异常的 WNP 反气旋 （WNPAC） 来影响东亚-北太平洋西部 （WNP） 气候。分析对称 CO₂ 上升 （RU） 和下降 （RD） 情景下的一组耦合模型预测，结果表明，WNPAC 随着 CO₂ 浓度的增加而增强，在 CO₂ RD 阶段早期达到峰值，然后逐渐减弱，当 CO₂ 浓度恢复时没有完全恢复到其初始状态。WNPAC 的不可逆恢复与热带 WNP 的负降水距平增强和赤道中太平洋和东太平洋的正降水距平有关。这些变化的降水异常主要是由气候赤道太平洋厄尔尼诺样变暖模式驱动的，这是由于各种外部和内部反馈过程造成的。我们的研究结果表明，WNPAC 向 CO₂ 强迫的不可逆变化可能会阻碍冬季季风并加剧东亚-WNP 地区的气候风险。