The shelterbelts system is crucial for the regional surface water and heat process, which is important for the oasis ecological environment. In this study, Ulan Buh Desert Oasis was taken as the study area. To overcome the problem of inherent water and heat difference between oases and deserts, this study divided the oasis ring structure into shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone, shrub grassland zone and desert zone. Firstly, the instant latent heat flux (LE), regarded as the link between water and heat, was estimated by the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model. Then, four landscape indexes were applied to quantify the shelterbelts spatial pattern. Finally, the Cooling Capacity Index (CCI) was proposed, and the influence of spatial pattern and shelterbelt structure on LE and CCI was explored. The results showed that, the high-LE area distribution was highly consistent with the shelterbelt system, and the LE temporal variation inside the oasis was more stable than outside. Besides, the 5 km shrub grassland combined with more than the 5 km shelterbelt near the desert area can bring about a rapid increase in the LE and generate cooling capacity. Meanwhile, in shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone, the LE was negatively correlated with patch shape regularity (SHAPE) and shelterbelt area (PLAND), and was positively correlated with the shape of the whole shelterbelt landscape (nLSI). In shrub grassland zone, the LE was negatively correlated with SHAPE and shelterbelts patches connectance (CONNECT), and was positively correlated with nLSI and PLAND. In desert zone, LE was only positively correlated with PLAND. To achieve more cooling effects, it is recommended that i) in shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone, use multi-row shelterbelt that the patches are with large area and complex shape consists of multiple belts and multiple networks (high PLAND and SHAPE), and densely clustered shelterbelt patches (low nLSI); ii) in shrub grassland zone, use the same spatial pattern as in shelterbelt-farmland-urban zone (low nLSI, high PLAND and high SHAPE), but replaced with the two-row shelterbelt; iii) in desert zone, use a large area of the two-row shelterbelt.

中文翻译：

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绿洲区域水热分布如何随防护林系统空间格局和结构的变化而变化——以乌兰布荒漠绿洲为例


防护林系统对于区域地表水和热过程至关重要，这对绿洲生态环境非常重要。本研究以 Ulan Buh Desert Oasis 为研究区域。为克服绿洲与荒漠固有的水热差问题，本研究将绿洲环状结构分为防护林-农田-城区、灌木草原区和荒漠区。首先，通过双源能量平衡 （TSEB） 模型估计被视为水和热之间联系的瞬时潜热通量 （LE）。然后，应用 4 个景观指数对防护林空间格局进行量化。最后，提出了制冷量指数 （CCI），并探讨了空间格局和防护林结构对 LE 和 CCI 的影响。结果表明，高 LE 面积分布与防护林系统高度一致，绿洲内部的 LE 时间变化比绿洲外更稳定。此外，5 km 的灌木草地与沙漠地区附近 5 km 以上的防护林相结合，可以导致 LE 的快速增加并产生冷却能力。同时，在防护林-农田-城市区，LE 与斑块形状规律性 （SHAPE） 和防护林面积 （PLAND） 呈负相关，与整个防护林景观的形状 （nLSI） 呈正相关。在灌木草原区，LE 与 SHAPE 和防护林斑块连接 （CONNECT） 呈负相关，与 nLSI 和 PLAND 呈正相关。在沙漠区，LE 与 PLAND 仅呈正相关。 为了达到更多的降温效果，建议 i） 在防护林-农田-城区，使用多排防护林，斑块面积大，形状复杂，由多条带和多网络组成（高 PLAND 和 SHAPE），以及密集聚集的防护林斑块（低 nLSI）;ii） 在灌木草原区，使用与防护林-农田-城市区相同的空间格局（低 nLSI、高 PLAND 和高 SHAPE），但被两行防护林取代;iii） 在沙漠区，使用大面积的两排防护林。