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Face masks facilitate discrimination of genuine and fake smiles – But people believe the opposite Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Haotian Zhou, Meiying Wang, Yu Yang, Elizabeth A. Majka
It seems a foregone conclusion that face mask-wearing hinders the interpretation of facial expressions, increasing the risk of interpersonal miscommunication. This research identifies a notable counter-case to this apparent truism. In multiple experiments, perceivers were more accurate distinguishing between genuine and fake smiles when the mouth region was concealed under a mask versus exposed. Masks
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Gossip, power, and advice: Gossipers are conferred less expert power Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Alexis D. Gordon, Maurice E. Schweitzer
Gossip harms power. Across 6 pre-registered primary studies and 7 pre-registered supplemental studies, we demonstrate that a reputation for engaging in negative gossip (sharing negatively-valanced information about an absent target) reduces expert power (power derived from being regarded as a superior source of expertise). A reputation for engaging in negative gossip harms expert power in two ways:
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Group-bounded indirect reciprocity and intergroup gossip Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Hirotaka Imada, Nobuhiro Mifune, Hannah Zibell
Gossip, the exchange of information about absent others, is ingrained in the system of indirect reciprocity, in which participating members selectively interact and cooperate with others with a good reputation. Previous psychological theorizing suggests that indirect reciprocity is perceived to be bounded by group membership. We aimed to examine whether the group-bounded indirect reciprocity perspective
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Whispered words and organizational dynamics: The nuanced evaluation of gossipers' personality and its effect on workplace advice seeking Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Lijun (Shirley) Zhang, Nahid Ibrahim, Shankha Basu
Prior research has extensively studied workplace group dynamics within the gossip triad (i.e., sender, receiver, and target). This research shifts the focus to third-party observers outside the gossip triad, examining how they evaluate gossipers and non-gossipers, and whom they turn to for advice. Across five pre-registered experiments ( = 1400), the present work builds on an integrative definition
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A trust inoculation to protect public support of governmentally mandated actions to mitigate climate change Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-20 Tobia Spampatti, Tobias Brosch, Evelina Trutnevyte, Ulf J.J. Hahnel
In a world barreling down into a worsening climate crisis, negative persuasive attacks to necessary climate policies are major threats to the public's support of governmental mandates to mitigate climate change. To protect against such attacks, here we introduce and investigate the effect and the treatment heterogeneity of the trust inoculation, a psychological inoculation strategy designed around
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System justification makes income gaps appear smaller Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-20 Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Aaron C. Kay, B. Keith Payne
People tend to underestimate how much income inequality exists. Much research has attributed this widespread underestimation to differential access to information, variance in exposure to inequality, or motivated attention to different aspects of inequality. In our research, we suggest that the motivation to believe that the current socioeconomic system is fair and legitimate (i.e., system justification)
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Multiracials' affective, behavioral and identity-specific responses to identity denial Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-08 Payton A. Small
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Smartly following others: Majority influence depends on how the majority behavior is formed Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-07 Jun Yin, Zikai Xu, Jing Lin, Wenying Zhou, Xiuyan Guo
Individuals tend to follow choices and behaviors that are common among others, indicating majority influence. Nevertheless, majority behaviors that appear to be consistent can be generated by different factors during the decision-making process; hence, the current study addressed whether people consider the source of majority behavior and follow the majority differently when that behavior is formed
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You are safer with me: Presence of the self lowers risk perception for others Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-07 Haihong Li, Yimo Yang, Tengchuan Cui, Xiaofei Xie
In daily life, various activities are undertaken either alone or with companions, and some of these activities involve a degree of risk. Beyond our concern for our own safety, we also care about other's safety. The current research investigates the influence of self-presence on how we perceive risk for the other. Across six studies (including two preregistered studies), we consistently found that when
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Are conspiracy theory believers drawn to conspiratorial explanations, alternatives explanations, or both? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-05 Kenzo Nera, Paul Bertin, Mikey Biddlestone, Maude Tagand, Olivier Klein
Individuals differ in their general propensity to believe in conspiracy theories, often referred to as conspiracy mentality. Because prototypical conspiracy theories exhibit a conspiratorial content (i.e., they claim that a conspiracy occurred) and an alternative status (i.e., they are rejected by authorities), it is unclear if conspiracy mentality captures a general tendency to believe in conspiracies
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Corrigendum to “How pledges reduce dishonesty: The role of involvement and identification” [Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 113(2024) 104614] Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Eyal Peer, Nina Mazar, Yuval Feldman, Dan Ariely
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Weight stigma: Do we believe that everyone can enjoy healthy behaviors? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Peggy J. Liu, Kelly L. Haws
Weight-based stigma is prevalent, increasing, and has many negative consequences. This research examines people's beliefs about what other people with heavy versus thin body types enjoy, in terms of food and activities. Predictions of others' enjoyment are important, as they can shape various downstream judgments, including beliefs about other people's likely goal pursuit success, and recommendations
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Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines: A signal detection analysis Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-27 Lea S. Nahon, Nyx L. Ng, Bertram Gawronski
An analysis drawing on Signal Detection Theory suggests that people may fall for misinformation because they are unable to discern true from false information () or because they tend to accept information with a particular slant regardless of whether it is true or false (). Three preregistered experiments with participants from the United States and the United Kingdom ( = 961) revealed that () truth
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Beyond first impressions: Investigating the influence of visual attention and cue availability in discriminatory behavior Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-24 Eliane Roy, Y. Doug Dong, A. Ross Otto, Jordan Axt
In many contexts, the magnitude of discrimination in social judgment is determined by the level of sensitivity and bias in evaluation. However, little is known about factors that shape these processes. Using a mock admissions task, we investigated how variation in the time spent processing non-diagnostic social information (e.g., a face communicating attractiveness) versus decision-relevant information
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Endorsing both sides, pleasing neither: Ambivalent individuals face unexpected social costs in political conflicts Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-23 Joseph J. Siev, Aviva Philipp-Muller, Geoffrey R.O. Durso, Duane T. Wegener
Reducing political polarization requires finding common ground among people with diverse opinions. The current research shows that people generally that expressing ambivalence about political issues—endorsing some considerations on both sides, for instance—can help them establish positive relations with others holding a wide variety of political views. However, across several policy topics—COVID-19
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Mindless furry test-tubes: Categorizing animals as lab-subjects leads to their mind denial Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Kevin Vezirian, Laurent Bègue, Brock Bastian
Despite caring for animals, most people use products tested on lab-animals daily, and rarely consider the implications of their choices for animal testing. We experimentally examined across four preregistered and high-powered online studies (total = 3405) whether categorizing animals as being lab-subjects, in a context where people are also reminded of the implications of their own consumer choices
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Fragility and forgiveness: Masculinity concerns affect men's willingness to forgive Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-11 Michael P. Haselhuhn, Margaret E. Ormiston
Research has identified forgiveness as one of the most productive forms of resolution following an interpersonal transgression. Despite the benefits of forgiveness, some individuals are more forgiving than are others. Although past work has examined gender differences in forgiveness, less is known about how within-sex individual differences may affect the willingness to forgive. In this paper, we study
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Corrigendum to “US cisgender women's psychological responses to physical femininity threats: Increased anxiety, reduced self-esteem” [Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 110(2024) 104547] Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 Natalie M. Wittlin, Marianne LaFrance, John F. Dovidio, Jennifer A. Richeson
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If not me then we: Goal tradeoffs in decision-making for the self, ingroup, and outgroup Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Suraiya Allidina, William A. Cunningham
Navigating the social world requires individuals to balance multiple goals, including the drives to improve one's own outcomes, aid ingroup members, and help or hurt outgroup members. While self-interest and intergroup bias are both well-established motivational phenomena, less is known about how these goals may interact. Here we examine the nature of goal tradeoffs in intergroup decision-making using
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In the pursuit of happiness: Attaining a greater number of high-status positions increases well-being but only in select groups Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-03 John Angus D. Hildreth
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The effect of financial stress on inhibitory control and economic decisions Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-02 Bradley T. Hughes, Rita M. Ludwig, Kelly E. Robles, Elliot T. Berkman
Financial scarcity, both real and imagined, is associated with impaired executive functions and present-focused economic decisions. What is the mechanism that connects the lack of financial resources to these cognitive and behavioral effects? The present work will test the hypothesis that the experience of financial stress contributes to these deficits by reducing executive functions related to self-control
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The spillover effect of mimicry: Being mimicked by one person increases prosocial behavior toward another person Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-26 Paweł Muniak, Oliver Genschow, Dariusz Dolinski, Tomasz Grzyb, Wojciech Kulesza
People have the automatic tendency to mimic their interaction partners. Mimicry theories propose that such mimicking behavior is beneficial for the mimicker as mimicked persons tend to like, trust and help the mimicker more. Yet an open question remains as to whether prosocial effects translate to parties other than the mimicker. To test for the presence of such a spillover effect, we ran two field
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Religiosity predicts the delegation of decisions between moral and self-serving immoral outcomes Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-21 Alexa Weiss, Matthias Forstmann
Studies support an association between religious belief and prosocial behavior. Such has been attributed to fear of supernatural punishment and enhanced concern for a prosocial reputation and self-image. Hence, religious individuals may be more prone to pursue their self-interest indirectly, thereby averting personal responsibility. We conducted 12 studies ( = 4468) to examine whether religiosity predicts
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Uncertainty, expertise, and persuasion: A replication and extension of Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-18 Erik Løhre, Subramanya Prasad Chandrashekar, Lewend Mayiwar, Thorvald Hærem
If you are trying to persuade someone, expressing your opinion with certainty intuitively seems like a good strategy to maximize your influence. However, Karmarkar and Tormala (2010) found that the effectiveness of this tactic depends on expertise. In three experiments, Karmarkar and Tormala found support for an incongruity hypothesis, whereby non-expert sources can gain interest and influence by expressing
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Revisiting the bounded generalized reciprocity model: Ingroup favoritism and concerns about negative evaluation Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Yutaka Horita, Shun Hamada
The bounded generalized reciprocity (BGR) model, grounded in reputation management, predicts that the motivation underlying ingroup favoritism (favoring one's own group over other groups) is driven by avoiding a negative reputation within one's own group. This research conducted two economic games with minimal groups in which reputational concerns (partners' knowledge of participants' group membership)
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Rude or just blunt? Honor, dignity, and spontaneous trait inferences from potentially offensive behaviors Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Ceren Günsoy, Irmak Olcaysoy Okten, A. Demaske
To restore their reputation, people from honor cultures (e.g., U.S. South) are more likely than people from dignity cultures (e.g., U.S. North) to retaliate against conflict partners who insult them. If a conflict partner does not insult them, however, they are more polite than dignity culture individuals, so that they don't provoke the person unnecessarily. Previous research has not examined the implicit
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To beckon or not to beckon: Testing a causal-evaluative modelling approach to moral judgment: A registered report Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Cillian McHugh, Kathryn B. Francis, Jim A.C. Everett, Shane Timmons
Moral judgments are increasingly being understood as showing context dependent variability. A growing literature has identified a range of specific contextual factors (e.g., emotions, intentions) that can influence moral judgments in predictable ways. Integrating these diverse influences into a unified approach to understanding moral judgments remains a challenge. Recent work by Railton (2017) attempted
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Most people do not “value the struggle”: Tempted agents are judged as less virtuous than those who were never tempted Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-29 Ryan M. McManus, Helen Padilla Fong, Max Kleiman-Weiner, Liane Young
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Judging the guilt of the un-guilty: The roles of “false positive” guilt and empathy in moral character perception Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Danielle E. Wahlers, William Hart, Joshua T. Lambert
When people accidentally harm others, some theory anticipates that expressing normatively unexpected (“false positive”) guilt is socially functional because it signals a positive moral character and likability. Although previous evidence shows anticipated effects of false positive guilt on these outcomes, it is possible these effects result from perceiving aspects specific to empathy (vs. guilt). We
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How pledges reduce dishonesty: The role of involvement and identification Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Eyal Peer, Nina Mazar, Yuval Feldman, Dan Ariely
Authorities and managers often rely on individuals and businesses' self-reports and employ various forms of honesty declarations to ensure that those individuals and businesses do not over-claim payments, benefits, or other resources. While previous work has found that honesty pledges have the potential to decrease dishonesty, effects have been mixed. We argue that understanding and predicting when
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The influence of dominance and prestige on children's resource allocation: What if they coexist? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Xuran Zhang, Xia Zhang, Ranzhi Yang, Yanfang Li
The antagonistic relation between the two ways of reaching the top, i.e., dominance and prestige, has generally been accepted in recent decades. People perceive dominance as a “negative” trait that reduces the quantity of resources that should be allocated to individuals who exhibit such a trait. In contrast, prestige is viewed as a “positive” trait, that increases the appropriate amount of resources
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(Not) showing you feel good, can be bad: The consequences of breaking expressivity norms for positive emotions Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Kunalan Manokara, Alisa Balabanova, Mirna Đurić, Agneta H. Fischer, Disa A. Sauter
Are there optimal levels of showing one feels good? Examining four positive emotions (), we demonstrate in two pre-registered experiments ( = 901) that even for pleasant feelings, showing too much – or too little – can lead to negative social consequences. Expressers who downplay their gratitude, and to a lesser degree interest, are deprived of social contact and power. Restrained displays of feeling
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Communication increases collaborative corruption Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Mathilde H. Tønnesen, Christian T. Elbæk, Stefan Pfattheicher, Panagiotis Mitkidis
Despite being a pivotal aspect of human cooperation, only a few studies within the field of collaborative dishonesty have included communication between participants, and none have yet experimentally compared this to non-communicative contexts. As a result, the impact of communication on unethical collaborations remains unclear. To address this gap, we conducted two well-powered studies ( = 1187),
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Effort-based decision making in joint action: Evidence of a sense of fairness Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Marcell Székely, Stephen Butterfill, John Michael
As humans, we are unique with respect to the flexibility and scope of our cooperative behavior. In recent years, considerable research has been devoted to investigating the psychological mechanisms which support this. One key finding is that people frequently calibrate their effort level to match a cooperation partner's effort costs - although little is known about exactly why they do so. We hypothesized
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The effect of irrelevant pairings on evaluative responses Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Tal Moran
Pairing a neutral object with a valenced stimulus often results in the former acquiring the valence of the latter (i.e., the Evaluative Conditioning [EC] effect). However, the pairing of an object with an affective stimulus is not always indicative of valence similarity. Three preregistered experiments (total = 1052) explored EC effects when people were explicitly informed that pairings do not reflect
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Dynamic indirect reciprocity: The influence of personal reputation and group reputation on cooperative behavior in nested social dilemmas Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Xiaoming Wang, Fancong Kong, Hongjin Zhu, Yinyan Chen
The indirect reciprocity theory suggested that the cues of reputational consequences determine the scope of indirect reciprocity and influence whether individuals decide to interact with others regardless of group identity. However, in more complex intergroup environments, there is no clear answer as to how indirect reciprocity guides intergroup cooperation. Based on this, the study used Intergroup
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Moral thin-slicing: Forming moral impressions from a brief glance Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Julian De Freitas, Alon Hafri
Despite the modern rarity with which people are visual witness to moral transgressions involving physical harm, such transgressions are more accessible than ever thanks to their availability on social media and in the news. On one hand, the literature suggests that people form fast moral impressions once they already know what has transpired (i.e., who did what to whom, and whether there was harm involved)
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Moral violations that target more valued victims elicit more anger, but not necessarily more disgust Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Lei Fan, Catherine Molho, Tom R. Kupfer, Joshua M. Tybur
The same moral violation can give rise to different emotional and behavioral responses in different individuals. The mechanisms that give rise to such differences – and the functions that those mechanisms serve – are unclear. Previous work suggests that people experience greater anger toward violations that target themselves or kin than those that target others, whereas they experience greater disgust
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Choosing not to get anchored: A choice mindset reduces the anchoring bias Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Krishna Savani, Monica Wadhwa
In negotiations, first offers serve as potent anchors. After receiving a first offer, although people clearly have a choice about what amount to counteroffer, they often fail to adjust away from the first offer. We identify a simple nudge, a reminder that people have a choice, that can reduce the anchoring bias. We argue that a choice nudge leads people to think of more potential counteroffers that
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Self-serving bias in moral character evaluations Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Andrew J. Vonasch, Bradley A. Tookey
Are people self-serving when moralizing personality traits? Past research has used cross sectional methods incapable of establishing causality, but the present research used experimental methods to test this. Indeed, two experiments ( = 669) show that people self-servingly inflate the moral value of randomly assigned personality traits they believe they possess, and even judge other people who share
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Nostalgia assuages spatial anxiety Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Alice Oliver, Tim Wildschut, Constantine Sedikides, Matthew O. Parker, Antony P. Wood, Edward S. Redhead
According to the regulatory model of nostalgia, the emotion is triggered by adverse psychological and physical experiences. Nostalgia, in turn, serves to counter those negative states. We extend this model to encompass spatial anxiety, that is, apprehension and disorientation during environmental navigation. In Experiment 1, we induced spatial anxiety by training participants to navigate a route in
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The effect of practice on automatic evaluation: A registered replication Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Anat Shechter, Mayan Navon, Yoav Bar-Anan
A basic idea in cognitive science is that practicing a response can lead to the automatic activation of the response. Fazio, Sanbonmatsu, Powell, and Kardes (1986) tested that idea on the automatic activation of attitudes. In the experiment that Fazio et al. conducted, participants (N = 18) repeatedly categorized eight nouns as good/bad and eight nouns (the control words) as having one syllable or
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Trait inferences from the “big two” produce gendered expectations of facial features Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Hayley A. Liebenow, Kathryn L. Boucher, Brittany S. Cassidy
Prescriptive stereotypes based on, respectively, agency and communality reflect how people expect men and women to behave. Deviating from such prescriptions limits opportunities for men and women in ways that reinforce traditional gender roles. In the current work, we examine whether people have expectations of gendered facial features based on agentic and communal descriptions of targets and if these
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Lower social class, better social skills? A registered report testing diverging predictions from the rank and cultural approaches to social class Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-23 Holly R. Engstrom, Kristin Laurin
Are people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) better than those with higher SES at empathic accuracy, or recognizing others' thoughts and feelings? Two psychological approaches to the study of SES say they are, but emphasize different reasons. The rank approach argues that because individuals with lower SES experience low rank, they feel less in control and more threatened by others, so it is more
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The threat of powerlessness: Consequences for affect and (social) cognition Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Robin Willardt, Petra C. Schmid
Throughout history, powerlessness has been associated with phenomena such as heightened conspiracy beliefs and perceived ingroup homogeneity and commitment, as well as increased conviction about one's own opinions and worldview. The goals of the present research were to examine whether such links are causal and to gain an understanding of the underlying mechanism. We hypothesized that the experience
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Power can increase but also decrease cheating depending on what thoughts are validated Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-22 Grigorios Lamprinakos, David Santos, Maria Stavraki, Pablo Briñol, Solon Magrizos, Richard E. Petty
Prior research has shown that power is associated with cheating. In the present research, we showcase that higher power can increase but also decrease cheating, depending on the thoughts validated by the feelings of power. In two experiments, participants were first asked to generate either positive or negative thoughts about cheating. Following this manipulation of thought direction, participants
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Hazardous machinery: The assignment of agency and blame to robots versus non-autonomous machines Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Rael J. Dawtry, Mitchell J. Callan
Autonomous robots increasingly perform functions that are potentially hazardous and could cause injury to people (e.g., autonomous driving). When this happens, questions will arise regarding responsibility, although autonomy complicates this issue – insofar as robots seem to control their own behaviour, where would blame be assigned? Across three experiments, we examined whether robots involved in
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From self to ingroup reclaiming of homophobic epithets: A replication and extension of Galinsky et al.'s (2013) model of reappropriation Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Mauro Bianchi, Andrea Carnaghi, Fabio Fasoli, Patrice Rusconi, Carlo Fantoni
Abstract not available
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Responsibility gaps and self-interest bias: People attribute moral responsibility to AI for their own but not others' transgressions Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Mengchen Dong, Bocian Konrad
In the last decade, the ambiguity and difficulty of responsibility attribution to AI and human stakeholders (i.e., responsibility gaps) has been increasingly relevant and discussed in extreme cases (e.g., autonomous weapons). On top of related philosophical debates, the current research provides empirical evidence on the importance of bridging responsibility gaps from a psychological and motivational
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What makes us “we”? The positivity bias in essentialist beliefs about group attributes Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-17 Kaiyuan Chen, Michael A. Hogg
Psychological essentialism refers to the tendency to view entities as having enduring properties that make them what they are (i.e., essences). Emerging research suggests people possess a positivity bias in essentialism (PBE), a preference to view positively (vs. negatively) evaluated attributes as the essences of an entity. Four experiments (total N = 1020) tested group attributes' association (ingroup
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Feeling known predicts relationship satisfaction Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-09 Juliana Schroeder, Ayelet Fishbach
Two forms of subjective relationship knowledge—the belief that one is known and knows one's partner—have separately been shown to positively predict relationship satisfaction, but which is more important for relational wellbeing? Seven studies show that believing one is known by their partner (i.e., “feeling known”) predicts relationship satisfaction more than believing that one knows their partner
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Conflict, cooperation, and institutional choice Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 Shuxian Jin, Simon Columbus, Paul A.M. van Lange, Daniel Balliet
Social situations may vary in the severity of conflict between self-interest and collective welfare, and thereby pose collective action problems that might require different institutional solutions. The present study examines the effect of conflict of interests on beliefs, norms, cooperation, and choice of sanctioning institutions in social dilemmas across two experiments (total N = 1304). In each
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Facial first impressions following a prison sentence: Negative shift in trait ratings but the same underlying structure Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Coral M. Coutts, Christopher A. Longmore, Mila Mileva
The first impressions we form of unfamiliar others can often guide many important decisions such as whether someone is guilty of a crime or the severity of their sentence, even in the presence of more relevant information. While most of the current work in this context has focused on their impact during trial proceedings and sentencing, little is known about the potential impact of first impressions
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Are rules meant to be broken? When and why consistent rule-following undermines versus enhances trust Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Michael W. White, Emma E. Levine, Alexander C. Kristal
Although consistency has long been positioned as a cornerstone of trust, the present paper examines when and why consistent rule-following undermines versus enhances trust. Across six preregistered experiments (total N = 2649), we study trust in decision-makers (e.g., police officers, managers) who either consistently punish offenders according to codified rules (e.g., laws, policies) or who exercise
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Harnessing dehumanization theory, modern media, and an intervention tournament to reduce support for retributive war crimes Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-25 Alexander P. Landry, Katrina Fincher, Nathaniel Barr, Nicholaus P. Brosowsky, John Protzko, Dan Ariely, Paul Seli
We demonstrate how psychological scientists can curate rich-yet-accessible media to intervene on conflict-escalating attitudes during the earliest stages of violent conflicts. Although wartime atrocities all-too-often ignite destructive cycles of tit-for-tat war crimes, powerful third parties can de-escalate the bloodshed. Therefore, following Russia's illegal invasion of Ukraine, we aimed to reduce
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Effects of ancestral information on social connectedness and life meaning Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Tami Kim, Maura Austin, Luca Cian, Gabrielle Adams
With the rise of biotechnological tools such as ancestral information tests, individuals today are able to discover previously inaccessible information about themselves. Here, we explore how obtaining ancestral information—information about family history and lineage—affects people's sense of social connectedness and perceived meaning in their lives. In addition, we investigate how ancestral information
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The effect of wearing college apparel on Black men's perceived criminality and perceived risk of being racially profiled by police Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-21 Gabriel Camacho
The current research examines whether a prejudice reduction strategy used by Black college students—signaling a college affiliation—mitigates the perceived risk that a Black man will be seen as a criminal and racially profiled by police. Across four studies, college students of color (study 1: N = 160; study 2: N = 203) and Black and White people (study 3A: N = 205; study 3B: N = 394) perceived a Black
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The position that awaits: Implications of expected future status for performance, helping, motivation, and well-being at work Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 Edward P. Lemay, Hyunsun Park, Jessica Fernandez, Jennifer C. Marr
Social status shapes many important aspects of people's experiences at work. Guided by research and theory on prospection, the authors tested the predictions that a) expectations of future status predict important outcomes at work independently of current status; and b) expectations of future status are based on current status and partially explain effects of current status. Eight studies using a combination
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Quantification of evaluations Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (IF 3.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Jinseok S. Chun, Michael I. Norton
While some evaluation scales ask people to express their judgments of targets using labels on a scale (e.g., very good), some other scales quantify these labels (e.g., 7 = “very good”). Although the quantified and non-quantified scales may seem identical in terms of the evaluation content, we suggest that quantification in itself significantly influences people's evaluations of targets. We find that