Biases in the perception and judgment of members of race-based and ethnicity-based minority groups are prevalent, often resulting in detrimental outcomes for these individuals. One such bias is a threat-related stereotype, associating specific race and ethnicity-based social groups with aggressiveness, violence, and criminality. In the US context, Black men are often victims of such bias. Recent evidence suggests that threat-related stereotypes are also linked to biased perceptions, such that perceivers overestimate the body size of Black relative to White men, even in the absence of perceptual differences between them. That is, mere top-down social category information was sufficient to induce perceptual biases in size perception related to threat (Wilson et al., 2017, Study 7). Considering the novelty of this finding and its theoretical importance, we suggested a registered replication of this finding to assess its robustness across laboratories, participants, and social groups. We conducted a direct replication (Study 1, N = 280) of the effect reported by Wilson and colleagues, followed by a conceptual replication (Study 2, N = 280) that tested the generalization of the original findings to another population (Israeli residents) and a different target social group (Muslim Israelis) frequently stereotyped as threatening in this population. Participants did not overestimate the body size of Black or Muslim Israeli targets, pointing to a failed replication of the original effect. These findings suggest that the effects of purely top-down social category information on threat-related perception and judgment are less robust than previously assumed.

中文翻译：

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体型感知中自上而下的种族偏见：对


基于种族和基于民族的少数群体成员在感知和判断方面存在偏见，这通常会给这些人带来不利的结果。其中一种偏见是与威胁相关的刻板印象，将基于特定种族和民族的社会群体与侵略性、暴力和犯罪行为联系起来。在美国，黑人男性经常成为这种偏见的受害者。最近的证据表明，与威胁相关的刻板印象也与偏见有关，因此感知者高估了黑人相对于白人男性的体型，即使他们之间没有感知差异。也就是说，仅仅自上而下的社会类别信息就足以在与威胁相关的大小感知中诱发感知偏差（Wilson 等人，2017 年，研究 7）。考虑到这一发现的新颖性和理论重要性，我们建议对这一发现进行注册复制，以评估其在实验室、参与者和社会群体中的稳健性。我们对 Wilson 及其同事报告的效果进行了直接复制（研究 1，N = 280），然后进行了概念复制（研究 2，N = 280），测试了原始发现对另一个人群（以色列居民）和不同的目标社会群体（穆斯林以色列人）的推广性，这些群体经常被刻板印象为该人群中的威胁。参与者并没有高估黑人或穆斯林以色列目标的体型，这表明原始效果的复制失败。这些发现表明，纯粹自上而下的社会类别信息对威胁相关感知和判断的影响不如以前假设的那么强大。