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Allyship, authenticity and agency: The triple a model of social justice mentoring Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-27 Belle Rose Ragins
This conceptual review explores the full potential of mentoring for diversity initiatives. Using a positive relationships lens, I describe how focusing on average relationships obscures the benefits of high-quality mentoring and how traditional views of mentoring as hierarchical, one-way relationships limit our understanding of its role in advancing social justice. Addressing these limitations, I extend
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Inside the funhouse mirror factory: How social media distorts perceptions of norms Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-26 Claire E. Robertson, Kareena del Rosario, Jay J. Van Bavel
The current paper explains how modern technology interacts with human psychology to create a funhouse mirror version of social norms. We argue that norms generated on social media often tend to be more extreme than offline norms which can create false perceptions of norms–known as pluralistic ignorance. We integrate research from political science, psychology, and cognitive science to explain how online
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Bottom-up influences on social norms: How observers’ responses to violations drive norm maintenance versus change Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Gerben A. van Kleef
Human behavior is heavily influenced by social norms. But when and how do norms persist or change? Complementing work on the role of top-down factors in the enforcement of normative behavior (e.g., sanctioning systems, organizational culture, formal leadership, corrective actions), I introduce a model of bottom-up influences on norm development. I argue that the trajectories of social norms are shaped
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Proximate and ultimate drivers of norms and norm change Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Ingela Alger, Sergey Gavrilets, Patrick Durkee
We describe a formal model of norm psychology that can be applied to better understand norm change. The model integrates several proximate drivers of normative behavior: beliefs and preferences about a) material payoffs, b) personal norms, c) peer disapproval, d) conformity, and e) authority compliance. Additionally, we review interdisciplinary research on ultimate foundations of these proximate drivers
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A cognitive approach to learning, monitoring, and shifting social norms Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Uri Hertz
Social norms govern and prescribe how group members behave. Since norms manifest in individuals' behavior, it is important to consider the cognitive demands associated with detecting and monitoring norm behaviors. Here I describe three types of norms that differ in the behavior they prescribe, the cognitive processes of behavior detection and monitoring they require, and the compliance and cooperative
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Integrating social learning and network formation for social tipping towards a sustainable future Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Lukas von Flüe, Sonja Vogt
Numerous psychological biases shape how we respond to observing others conforming to or diverging from social norms. Depending on our social networks, we may be more influenced by societal majorities, such as the widespread consumption of meat or frequent air travel, or by the sustainable lifestyles of our closest friends. The evolution of social norms is shaped by personal preferences, values, beliefs
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Resisting harmful social norms change using social inoculation Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-24 Shaon Lahiri
Social norms are thought to spread through processes of collective contagion, requiring multiple social contacts for diffusion. The spread of harmful social norms is heightened with the spread of misinformation online, especially as falsehoods spread faster than truth. Social inoculation, an intervention approach developed in the 1960s, is an effective prophylactic against harmful social norms spread
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Perceptions and behaviors toward first-generation, low-income individuals Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Alice Choe, Stéphane Côté
As universities and employers strive for greater socioeconomic diversity, understanding First-Generation, Low-Income (FGLI) status as a dimension of diversity is crucial. This review examines how FGLI individuals—who are the first in their families to attain higher education, achieve professional occupations and/or come from low-income backgrounds—are perceived and treated in academic and professional
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Do institutions evolve like material technologies? Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Catherine Molho, Jorge Peña, Manvir Singh, Maxime Derex
Norms and institutions enable large-scale human cooperation by creating shared expectations and changing individuals’ incentives via monitoring or sanctioning. Like material technologies, these social technologies satisfy instrumental ends and solve difficult problems. However, the similarities and differences between the evolution of material technologies and the evolution of social technologies remain
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How men react to women’s presence: A review and an agenda to expand team gender diversity research Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-21 Corinne Post, Jamie L. Gloor, Kris Byron
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Inclusion as a multi-level concept Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Lynn M. Shore, Beth G. Chung
Research on inclusion has proliferated in the last twenty years yielding over 188 articles [1] as both academics and practitioners have come to recognize that inclusion provides an opportunity for people of different backgrounds and identities to work together successfully. Inclusion research is wide-ranging and includes multiple actors from different levels of an organization. Studies of inclusion
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Discrimination on the basis of race and color Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Dillon Stewart, Hwayeon Myeong, Elisabeth Silver, Eden King, Jackson Matos, Heavenlei Thomas, Mikki Hebl
The heightened focus on racism and colorism in recent years has deepened scholarly attention to the pervasive emergence and impact of racism and colorism within organizations. In this review, we begin by exploring the diverse ways in which racism manifests within organizations. We then address the complexities and variations that exist within racial categories - exploring colorism and the ways targets
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Heteroprofessionalism: The power of the gender/sex binary in the workplace Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-19 Thekla Morgenroth, Teri A. Kirby, Jojanneke van der Toorn
LGBTQ + people continue to face bias and discrimination in the workplace. In this article, we focus on one subtle yet insidious manifestation of such bias: heteroprofessionalism. In workplace contexts, professionalism is generally encouraged. However, what is considered professional is subjective and often shaped by those with high status identities such as cis-heterosexuality. LGBTQ + identities are
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Collective action control: Ubiquitous processes and cultural differences Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 J. Lukas Thürmer, Kaiyuan Chen, Sean M. McCrea
Humans have two superpowers: reaching desired end-states (goals) and working together (cooperation). We conceptualize these two capabilities as one: collective action control. We discuss ubiquitous processes and (potential) cultural differences in collective action control in the context of two established frameworks—social identity and norms—as well as an emerging attribution of intent perspective
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The power of cultural habits: The role of effortless control in delaying gratification Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-18 Kaichi Yanaoka, Rachel Foster, Laura E. Michaelson, Satoru Saito, Yuko Munakata
What factors lead children to delay gratification, holding out for larger rewards later instead of taking smaller rewards now? Traditionally, delay of gratification has been associated with effortful control and willpower. However, we propose that delay of gratification may be partially supported by effortless control employed through habits shaped within sociocultural contexts. Specifically, in sociocultural
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Broadening our sights: Expanding the consequences of allyship for allies Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Alyssa Tedder-King, Melanie Prengler, Elad N. Sherf
Scholars are increasingly recognizing that allyship affects allies themselves. Although existing scholarship covers a multitude of constructs, most of the literature focuses on social evaluations and their effects on allyship persistence. We posit that the dual focus on social evaluations and allyship persistence has limited the theoretical insights and applied relevance of scholarship on the consequences
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Hear, hear! A review of accent discrimination at work Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-16 Ivona Hideg, Winny Shen, Christy Zhou Koval
Research on diversity in organizations has mostly focused on attributes that rely on visual cues (e.g., gender, race, age) and overlooked an important source of difference that relies on auditory cues – accents. However, workers with non-standard accents (i.e., non-native accents, regional accents) often experience discrimination and negative outcomes at work. We first review prior accent research
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Personnel selection systems and diversity Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-16 Christopher M. Berry
Personnel selection systems affect diversity because they are the way organizations choose who is hired. Research on personnel selection systems and diversity is reviewed, with a particular focus on racial/ethnic diversity. Topics covered include the interrelated concepts of adverse impact and subgroup mean differences, research on why mean differences exist, and which selection predictors (particularly
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Diversity in top management teams and upper echelons of firms Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-16 Quinetta Roberson, Emily Gerkin, Aaron Hill
Research on top management team (TMT) diversity has grown over the past decade as organizations are increasingly recognizing the purported benefits of diverse perspectives. In synthesizing recent research, we review the current state of the top management team diversity literature to answer for questions: (1) What features of TMT contexts make diversity an important consideration? (2) What types of
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Organizational diversity training programs Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-14 Kate Bezrukova, Chester Spell, Jamie Perry
Managing diversity is becoming increasingly important as the population and workforce become even more diverse and global. Diversity brings both opportunities as well as challenges due to the many types of biases embedded within diversity itself. Diversity training and related initiatives are intended to attack such biases and bring awareness to the destructive nature of bias that can only lead to
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Norm learning, teaching, and change Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-13 Bertram F. Malle, Vivienne Bihe Chi
We present a broad notion of norms that can accommodate many of its interdisciplinary variants and offers a framework to ask questions about norm change. Rather than examining community norm change, we focus on changes in the individual's norm representations. These representations can be characterized by six properties (including as context specificity, deontic force, prevalence), and we examine which
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Beliefs about self-control Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-13 Jinyao Li, Marleen Gillebaart, Tim van Timmeren
It is increasingly recognized that successful self-control is not only determined by sheer willpower, but also by people's beliefs about self-control. While early research has provided evidence that people's implicit theories can moderate their subsequent self-control performance, recent research considers the role of metacognition in self-control more comprehensively. In this review, we present an
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Individual differences in adolescent self-control: The role of gene-environment interplay Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-13 Yayouk Eva Willems, Jian-Bin Li, Meike Bartels, Catrin Finkenauer
Self-control – the ability to alter unwanted impulses and behavior to bring them into agreement with goal-driven responses – is key during adolescence. It helps young people navigate through the myriad challenges they encounter while transitioning into adulthood. We review empirical milestones in our understanding of how individual differences in adolescent self-control exist and develop. We show how
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AI-induced hyper-learning in humans Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Moshe Glickman, Tali Sharot
Humans evolved to learn from one another. Today, however, learning opportunities often emerge from interactions with AI systems. Here, we argue that learning from AI systems resembles learning from other humans, but may be faster and more efficient. Such ‘hyper learning’ can occur because AI: (i) provides a high signal-to-noise ratio that facilitates learning, (ii) has greater data processing ability
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Beyond deliberate self-control: Habits automatically achieve long-term goals Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Marco Stojanovic, Wendy Wood
Habits are often beneficial to goal pursuit. They reduce the need for self-control by automating behavior, thereby streamlining decision-making and decreasing temptations and motivational interference. Given that habits outsource behavioral control to the environment, stable performance contexts are critical for habit formation and performance. However, when goals change, unwanted habit memories still
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‘Pleasureful self-control’? A new perspective on old problems Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-07 Daniela Becker, Katharina Bernecker, Aiste Guobyte, Daniel Ganama
Many societal challenges, for example regarding health and sustainability, are conceptualized as problems of too little self-control: people's long-term goals are jeopardized (e.g., healthy weight, small carbon footprint) because one cannot resist attractive alternatives (e.g., chocolate cake, vacation in the sun). Here, we introduce a different way of conceptualizing those challenges, namely as problems
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Believe in your self-control: Lay theories of self-control and their downstream effects Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-07 Juan Pablo Bermúdez, Samuel Murray
Self-control is the ability to inhibit temptations and persist in one's decisions about what to do. In this article, we review recent evidence that suggests implicit beliefs about the process of self-control influence how the process operates. While earlier work focused on the moderating influence of willpower beliefs on depletion effects, we survey new directions in the field that emphasize how beliefs
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How language framing shapes the perception of social norms Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-05 Jinyi Kuang, Cristina Bicchieri
Language plays a crucial role in the transmission of social norms. The way language is used, referred to as language framing, shapes perceptions of social norms. This review synthesizes recent research from various fields to explore the mechanisms through which language framing influences social norm perception. We highlight five key mechanisms: attention redirection, context-specific pragmatic inference
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Majority rule: Do minorities live in ‘tighter’ social worlds? Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-05 Morgan Weaving, Michele J. Gelfand
Exploring social norms through a diversity perspective, this review examines whether minorities live in ‘tighter’ worlds, wherein they are subject to stricter rules and punishments. Integrating research from psychology, economics, and organizational behavior, we first examine whether minorities are more likely to have tightness imposed on them—i.e., receive more monitoring and harsher penalties in
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Trait self-control as a determinant of health behavior: Recent advances on mechanisms and future directions for research Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-05 Martin S. Hagger, Kyra Hamilton
We summarize theory and research testing a mechanistic explanation for the trait self-control-health behavior relationship. Specifically, social cognition constructs summarizing individuals' utility, normative, risk, and capacity beliefs with respect to future health behavior performance are proposed to mediate the self-control-health behavior relationship. The effect represents the informational function
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Self-control and limited willpower: Current status of ego depletion theory and research Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-05 Roy F. Baumeister, Nathalie André, Daniel A. Southwick, Dianne M. Tice
Ego depletion theory proposes that self-regulation depends on a limited energy resource (willpower). The simple initial theory has been refined to emphasize conservation rather than resource exhaustion, extended to encompass decision making, planning, and initiative, and linked to physical bodily energy (glucose). Recent challenges offered alternative explanations (which have largely failed) and questioned
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Team diversity and team performance: Paths to synergetic and disruptive effects Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-05 Daan van Knippenberg
Team diversity holds promises and challenges for team performance. The promise of diversity lies in synergy generated from exchange and integration of diverse perspectives; the challenge lies in social categorization processes that give rise to biases favoring similar others over dissimilar others that disrupt team collaboration. I discuss theory capturing these paths to synergetic and disruptive effects
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Metamotivation: The regulation of motivation in self-control Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Kentaro Fujita, Abigail A. Scholer, David B. Miele
Psychological research on self-control—the forgoing of immediate rewards in favor of global goals—focuses largely on how people monitor and control their thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Comparatively less work has examined the regulation of motivational states. This is surprising given the motivational roots of self-control dilemmas: people desire an immediate reward on the one hand, but also recognize
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Computational modeling of social decision-making Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Sarah Vahed, Elijah P. Galván, Alan G. Sanfey
Social decision-making is guided by a complex set of social norms. Computational modeling can play a significant role in enriching our understanding of these norms and how precisely they direct social choices. Here, we highlight three major advantages to using computational modeling, particularly models derived from Utility Theory, in the study of social norms. We illustrate how such models can help
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Challenging the law of least effort Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-03 Veronika Job, Christopher Mlynski, Jana Nikitin
Popular conceptions hold that effort is costly and aversive, causing people to generally avoid effort unless justified. We critically discuss evolutionary, phenomenological, and behavioral arguments supporting this “law of least effort”, proposing that people may approach effort without direct extrinsic benefits. First, a “need for effort” is functional for health and learning. Second, experiencing
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Self-regulatory flexibility Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-02 Malte Friese, Sebastian Bürgler, Wilhelm Hofmann, Marie Hennecke
Robust associations of self-control with successful goal pursuit have been amply demonstrated. Much less is known about the psychological processes that occur when people grapple with self-control conflicts and that may contribute to successful goal pursuit. Influenced by the neighboring fields of emotion regulation and coping, self-regulatory flexibility has been identified as one of such potential
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Can self-control make you happy? Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-31 Denise de Ridder
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Can nudges be leveraged to enhance diversity in organizations? A systematic review Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-30 Jose A. Cervantez, Katherine L. Milkman
In this article, we review and summarize key findings from a growing literature exploring how nudges can facilitate efforts to diversify organizations. Nudges are psychologically-informed interventions that change behavior without restricting choice or altering incentives. We focus on two types of nudges to enhance organizational diversity: (1) nudges that target organizational processes directly or
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From willpower to strategies: Existing insights and outstanding issues in self-control strategy use in daily life Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-28 Marina Milyavskaya, Tyler Thorne, Mike Sullivan
This paper focuses on recent advances in research on strategies that support self-control in everyday life. No one strategy or set of strategies appears to be effective at all times and in all situations. To understand effective self-control, we must expand our understanding of how strategies fit the situation and the person. To this end, we propose researching unexplored aspects of situations, how
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Self-control and behavioral public policy Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-23 Wilhelm Hofmann, Sonja Grelle, Kristian Steensen Nielsen, Charlotte Anna Kukowski
How everyday self-control conflicts are resolved can have significant long-term personal and societal consequences, as readily illustrated by obesity, smoking, and unsustainable consumption. Here, we delineate connections between current self-control research and policymaking. We first discuss the achievements and shortcomings of the prevailing individual-level focus in self-control research. Next
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The good, the bad, and the GPT: Reviewing the impact of generative artificial intelligence on psychology Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-21 Mohammed Salah, Fadi Abdelfattah, Hussam Al Halbusi
This review explores the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI)—a technology capable of autonomously creating new content, ideas, or solutions by learning from extensive data—on psychology. GenAI is changing research methodologies, diagnostics, and treatments by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, personalizing therapeutic interventions, and providing deeper insights into cognitive processes
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What do highly motivated people know? Balancing goals, prioritizing actions Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-14 Ayelet Fishbach, Jiabi Wang, Ibitayo Fadayomi
Highly motivated individuals are healthier, more academically and professionally successful, and have stronger relationships. What sets these individuals apart? We propose that highly motivated individuals know when to balance versus prioritize goals. Specifically, they seek harmony between their multiple goals: they see these goals as advancing or complementing each other (e.g., balancing work and
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Metacognitive knowledge about self-control Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 Marie Hennecke, Pooja Kulkarni
Good self-control is highly valuable, but the processes that promote it are not fully understood. This review emphasizes that self-control is “inherently metacognitive” (p. 204, Duckworth et al., 2014) and describes the potential benefits of metacognitive knowledge for self-control. In line with research on metacognition in academic goal pursuit, we elaborate how three distinct types of metacognitive
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Effortless self-control Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 Marleen Gillebaart, Iris K. Schneider
Self-control is essential for outcomes in several life domains but is often seen as effortful. We discuss recent research indicating the possibility of self-control. First, we discuss how high levels of self-control are associated with quicker self-control conflict identification and resolution. Second, we describe two pathways that may lead to these associations: (1) How of behaviors plays a role
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Motivational dynamics of self-control Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 Kaitlyn M. Werner, Elliot T. Berkman
How people respond to desires varies substantially across time and situations. Building on recent theoretical developments, we propose that motivation plays a central role in the dynamics of self-control as it unfolds across time. We illustrate the role of motivation in self-control by highlighting evidence that pursuing goals for intrinsic (vs. extrinsic) reasons plays a key role in shaping and people
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Trait self-control: A Process Model perspective Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 Christopher M. Napolitano, Angela L. Duckworth, James J. Gross
What do self-controlled individuals do that distinguishes them from those who are more impulsive? That is, why are some people better able to align their behavior with personal long-term goals despite alternatives that would be more immediately gratifying? To address this question, we use the Process Model of Self-Control [1], which posits that all impulses are generated via a four-stage, recursive
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Nudging for improving mental health treatment-seeking Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-06 Frederick T. Schubert, Norman B. Schmidt
Underutilization of mental health services is a complex problem that requires the investigation of new strategies to facilitate treatment-seeking. Nudging is a relatively new approach which has shown promise in promoting healthy behaviors in a variety of domains, though little work has investigated how nudges may be applied to the initiation of mental health treatment. In this paper, we review the
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A critical review of clinician-directed nudges Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-02 Briana S. Last, Rinad S. Beidas, Katelin Hoskins, Claire R. Waller, Gabriela Kattan Khazanov
As nudges—subtle changes to the way options are presented to guide choice—have gained popularity across policy domains in the past 15 years, healthcare systems and researchers have eagerly deployed these light-touch interventions to improve clinical decision-making. However, recent research has identified the limitations of nudges. Although nudges may modestly improve clinical decisions in some contexts
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Integrating insights from implementation science and behavioral economics to strengthen suicide screening strategies for pediatric populations Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Nathan Hodson, Christina Johnson, Rinad S. Beidas
Suicide is a leading cause of death for young people globally. Professional organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommend suicide screening for every young person at every healthcare contact and these guidelines are now being implemented across the US. To optimize deployment of these guidelines, we draw on insights from two parallel fields, implementation science – or the
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Bypassing as a non-confrontational influence strategy Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Javier A. Granados Samayoa, Dolores Albarracín
Psychological interventions tend to be confrontational in nature. That is, when psychologists seek to bring about change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors, they often do so by directly confronting the presumed barrier to change. Confrontational approaches can be effective, but suffer from limitations to their efficacy, such as the possibility of arousing discomfort or defensiveness from the recipient
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Episodic future thinking and psychopathology: A focus on depression and suicide risk Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Rachel J. Nam, Nathan J. Lowry, Olivia C. Lawrence, Layne J. Novotny, Christine B. Cha
Episodic future thinking (EFT), the ability to imagine future autobiographical events, is both an everyday and clinically significant cognitive process. With a focus on depression and suicidality, here we discuss evidence connecting EFT with psychopathology. Emotional valence of imagined future events has emerged as the most widely established feature of EFT detected to date, with less positive EFT
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Social norm dynamics and cooperation in changing groups Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-30 Kasper Otten, Vincent Buskens, Wojtek Przepiorka, Naomi Ellemers
Social norms promote cooperation in human groups. How are these norms and cooperation affected when groups change due to new members arriving and old members leaving? In this review we highlight the scant literature that researches the effects of group changes on social norms and cooperation. Thus far evidence suggests that newcomers cooperate less than incumbents but adjust their cooperation levels
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Persuasive communication, financial incentives, and social norms: Interactions and effects on behaviors Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-29 Maria Knight Lapinski, John M. Kerr, Hubert W. Miller, Moonsun Jeon, Kayla Tracey
Social norms and financial incentives are both known to shape the decisions people make about prosocial actions. This paper reviews the financial incentives in normative systems (FINS) model, which integrates theories of social norms from communication, social psychology, and behavioral economics to predict relationships among incentives, norms, and behaviors. It addresses how incentives can affect
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Social sanctions in response to injunctive norm violations Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-29 Benjamin D. Douglas, Kendall Holley, Naomi Isenberg, Kevin R. Kennedy, Markus Brauer
Injunctive social norms are societal standards for how people are expected to behave. When individuals transgress these norms, they face social sanctions for their behavior. These sanctions can take many forms ranging from verbal or non-verbal reactions and from disapproval to ostracism. We review the stable characteristics and situational variables that affect a bystander's tendency to enact social
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The fable of state self-control Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-25 Michael Inzlicht, Brent W. Roberts
Trait self-control is highly valued, often equated with moral righteousness and associated with numerous positive life outcomes. This paper challenges the conventional conflation of trait self-control and state self-control. We suggest that while trait self-control is consistently linked to success, state self-control is not the causal mechanism driving these benefits. Trait self-control, sometimes
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The relevance of top-down self-regulation for children's and adolescents' developmental outcomes Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-23 Nancy Eisenberg, Maciel M. Hernández, Antonio Zuffianò, Tracy L. Spinrad
A popular topic in developmental science is self-regulation, an aspect of functioning viewed as contributing to optimal development. Of particular theoretical importance is top-down (frontal cortically based) self-regulation (TDSR). This article briefly reviews recent research on TDSR's relation to four areas of development: maladjustment, social competence, prosocial development, and academic development
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Self-control and self-expression Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Michail D. Kokkoris
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Clicks and tricks: The dark art of online persuasion Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Patrick Fagan
Internet users are inundated with attempts to persuade, including digital nudges like defaults, friction, and reinforcement. When these nudges fail to be transparent, optional, and beneficial, they can become ‘dark patterns’, categorised here under the acronym FORCES (Frame, Obstruct, Ruse, Compel, Entangle, Seduce). Elsewhere, psychological principles like negativity bias, the curiosity gap, and fluency
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A review of the peak-end rule in mental health contexts Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-07 Adam G. Horwitz, Kaitlyn McCarthy, Srijan Sen
The peak-end rule, a memory heuristic in which the most emotionally salient part of an experience (i.e., peak) and conclusion of an experience (i.e., end) are weighted more heavily in summary evaluations, has been understudied in mental health contexts. The recent growth of intensive longitudinal methods has provided new opportunities for examining the peak-end rule in the retrospective recall of mental
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Bridging the digital and physical: The psychology of augmented reality Current Opinion in Psychology (IF 6.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Rhonda Hadi, Eric S. Park
By blurring the boundaries between digital and physical realities, Augmented Reality (AR) is transforming consumers' perceptions of themselves and their environments. This review demonstrates AR's capacity to influence psychology and behavior in profound ways. We begin by providing a concise introduction to AR, considering its technical, practical, and theoretical properties. Next, we showcase a multi-disciplinary