To restore their reputation, people from honor cultures (e.g., U.S. South) are more likely than people from dignity cultures (e.g., U.S. North) to retaliate against conflict partners who insult them. If a conflict partner does not insult them, however, they are more polite than dignity culture individuals, so that they don't provoke the person unnecessarily. Previous research has not examined the implicit person perception phase in these interactions. In this research, we focused on spontaneous trait inferences (STIs) that people can make from others' potentially offensive behaviors. In four studies ( = 1126), we tested whether being from a U.S. honor or dignity culture or the endorsement of these values was associated with hostile and nonhostile STIs, and whether honor and dignity influenced the relationship between STIs and behavioral intentions. In Study 1 and 2, honor culture participants made both types of STIs, whereas dignity culture participants only made hostile STIs. Study 3 revealed a positive association between individual honor endorsement and nonhostile STIs. In Study 4, we replicated most of these results and also found a positive association between hostile STIs and confrontation intentions in the honor (but not dignity) group. These results suggest that people from honor (vs. dignity) cultures tend to make rather simultaneous inferences of hostile and nonhostile traits from potentially offensive behaviors and making spontaneous hostile inferences can be more consequential for them. This research highlights the complexity of culture's influence on interpersonal processes and can have implications for diverse social contexts.

中文翻译：

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粗鲁还是直率？荣誉、尊严和来自潜在冒犯行为的自发特质推断


为了恢复声誉，来自荣誉文化（例如美国南方）的人们比来自尊严文化（例如美国北方）的人们更有可能对侮辱他们的冲突伙伴进行报复。然而，如果冲突伙伴没有侮辱他们，他们就会比有尊严文化的人更有礼貌，这样他们就不会不必要地激怒对方。先前的研究尚未检验这些互动中的内隐人知觉阶段。在这项研究中，我们重点关注人们可以从他人潜在的冒犯行为中做出的自发特质推断（STI）。在四项研究 (= 1126) 中，我们测试了来自美国荣誉或尊严文化或对这些价值观的认可是否与敌意和非敌意性传播感染相关，以及荣誉和尊严是否影响性传播感染与行为意图之间的关系。在研究1和2中，荣誉文化参与者产生了两种类型的性传播感染，而尊严文化参与者只产生了敌对性传播感染。研究 3 揭示了个人荣誉认可与非敌意性传播感染之间存在正相关关系。在研究 4 中，我们复制了大部分结果，并且还发现荣誉（但不是尊严）群体的敌意性传播感染与对抗意图之间存在正相关。这些结果表明，来自荣誉（相对于尊严）文化的人们倾向于从潜在的冒犯行为中同时推断出敌对和非敌对特征，并且自发地做出敌对推断对他们来说可能更重要。这项研究强调了文化对人际交往过程影响的复杂性，并对不同的社会背景产生影响。