BackgroundHigh-quality estimates of the epidemiology of the autism spectrum and the health needs of autistic people are necessary for service planners and resource allocators. Here we present the global prevalence and health burden of autism spectrum disorder from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 following improvements to the epidemiological data and burden

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BackgroundThe comparative benefits and harms of available interventions for ADHD in adults remain unclear. We aimed to address these important knowledge gaps. MethodsIn this systematic review and component network meta-analysis (NMA), we searched multiple databases for published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for

ImportanceThe brain enters distinct activation states to support differential cognitive and emotional processes, but little is known about how brain activation states differ in youths with clinical anxiety.ObjectiveTo characterize brain activation states during socioemotional processing (movie stimuli) and assess associations between state characteristics and movie features and anxiety symptoms.Design

ImportanceNew pharmacotherapy options are needed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of brexpiprazole and sertraline combination treatment (brexpiprazole + sertraline) compared with sertraline + placebo for PTSD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a parallel-design, double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted from October

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Importance Neurofeedback has been proposed for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but the efficacy of this intervention remains unclear. Objective To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using probably blinded (ie, rated by individuals probably or certainly unaware of treatment allocation) or neuropsychological outcomes to test the efficacy of neurofeedback

ImportanceLarge-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) should ideally inform the development of pharmacological treatments, but whether GWAS-identified mechanisms of disease liability correspond to the pathophysiological processes targeted by current pharmacological treatments is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate whether functional information from a range of open bioinformatics datasets can elucidate

OBJECTIVE Binge-eating disorder (BED) is a prevalent, costly public health problem associated with serious functional impairments and heightened rates of psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Few evidence-based treatments are currently available for BED. We tested the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), lisdexamfetamine (LDX), and combined CBT+LDX, for BED comorbid with obesity. METHODS

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of the leading smoking cessation medications among individuals with current versus past major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind trial over 12 weeks with varenicline or bupropion, followed by a 12-week assessment, in participants ages 18-75 with past (N=2,174) or current

Gambling disorder is the only behavioral addiction recognized as a clinical disorder in DSM-5, and Internet gaming disorder is included as a condition requiring further research. ICD-11 categorizes gambling and gaming disorders as disorders due to addictive behaviors. Additional behavioral addictions may include compulsive sexual behavior disorder, compulsive buying-shopping disorder, and problematic

OBJECTIVE Xanomeline and trospium chloride (formerly known as KarXT), a novel M1/M4 muscarinic receptor agonist, demonstrated efficacy across phase 2 and 3 trials as monotherapy for the treatment of inpatients with acute schizophrenia on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score primary endpoint. In the phase 2 trial, xanomeline/trospium improved performance on a cognitive outcome measure

This randomized controlled trial secondary analysis examines the association between treatment expectancies and the relative efficacy of psilocybin compared with escitalopram for major depressive disorder.

Although studies of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy are accumulating, there is no consensus regarding best practice of the psychotherapeutic component. In this systematic review, we summarised the quality of reporting on psychological interventions in research about psychedelic treatments. The design followed PRISMA guidelines and was preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42022319221). We searched MEDLINE

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Zavlis O, Luyten P, Pilling S, Fonagy P. Pressing need for clinical trial research on dimensional personality disorder. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; published online Nov 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00365-1. In this Correspondence, the second sentence of the first paragraph should read, “However, national health guidelines (such as those from the UK's National Institute of Clinical Excellence)

BackgroundAdolescent mental health appears to be in crisis, yet few studies have comprehensively charted the course of common mental disorders (CMDs; depression and anxiety) across this key life stage. We aimed to describe the course of CMD symptoms in adolescence by summarising annual prevalence, cumulative incidence, and course for depression and anxiety, both separately and as comorbid CMDs, by

ImportancePediatric posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating mental disorder, yet a comprehensive network meta-analysis examining psychological interventions is lacking.ObjectiveTo synthesize all available evidence on psychological interventions for pediatric PTSD in a comprehensive systematic review and network meta-analysis.Data SourcesPsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and

ImportanceWhile access to psychotherapy has recently increased in the US, concern exists that recent gains may be unevenly distributed despite teletherapy expansion.ObjectiveTo characterize recent trends and patterns in outpatient psychotherapy by US adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a repeated cross-sectional study of psychotherapy use among adults (ages ≥18 years) in the 2018 to 2021

ImportanceReliance on abstinence-based treatment success rules may fail to capture the full continuum of treatment response to buprenorphine plus medical counseling (BUP+MC) for opioid use disorder (OUD).ObjectiveTo describe patterns of reduction in illicit opioid use of patients both labeled as a success and nonsuccess based on an abstinent-based treatment outcome rule.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis

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OBJECTIVE Homelessness is a serious and increasing public health concern. Childhood maltreatment and psychiatric problems have been associated with homelessness as risk factors; however, reliance on cross-sectional studies introduces ambiguity into interpreting previous findings. This study seeks to understand whether psychiatric symptoms in part explain the relationship between childhood maltreatment

Anxiety disorders are a leading source of human misery, morbidity, and premature mortality. Existing treatments are far from curative for many, underscoring the need to clarify the underlying neural mechanisms. Although many brain regions contribute, the amygdala has received the most intense scientific attention. Over the past several decades, this scrutiny has yielded a detailed understanding of

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that can become chronic and debilitating when left untreated. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments for PTSD among adults are individual trauma-focused psychotherapies. Other evidence-based treatments include specific antidepressant medications and non-trauma-focused psychotherapies. Despite the effectiveness

This cross-sectional study examines demographic characteristics of adults treated at outpatient mental health treatment centers using data from the 2022 US National Survey of Drug Use and Health.

ImportanceResearch suggests an increase in mental disorder incidence in recent years, but this trend remains unexplained, and there is a lack of large studies based on a representative sample that investigate mental disorders over the full spectrum.ObjectiveTo explore sex- and age-specific incidence of any mental disorder and 19 specific disorders according to birth cohort and calendar period.Design

This Viewpoint proposes applying a systematic curriculum for early management of traumatically injured patients as a framework for suicide risk screening after overdose.

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BackgroundPsychotherapy outcomes are typically measured in terms of symptom relief. However, this method might overlook important changes from clients' perspectives when they are asked to report on them. A more client-centred approach might bring a deeper understanding of psychotherapy outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes identified by clients within qualitative psychotherapy research. MethodsThe

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