In this comprehensive review, we explore interatomic and intermolecular correlated electronic decay phenomena observed in superfluid helium nanodroplets subjected to extreme ultraviolet radiation. Helium nanodroplets, known for their distinctive electronic and quantum fluid properties, provide an ideal environment for examining a variety of non-local electronic decay processes involving the transfer of energy, charge, or both between neighboring sites and resulting in ionization and the emission of low-kinetic energy electrons. Key processes include interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay and its variants, such as electron transfer-mediated decay. Insights gained from studying these light-matter interactions in helium nanodroplets enhance our understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation on other condensed-phase systems, including biological matter. We also emphasize the advanced experimental and computational techniques that make it possible to resolve electronic decay processes with high spectral and temporal precision. Utilizing ultrashort pulses from free-electron lasers, the temporal evolution of these processes can be followed, significantly advancing our comprehension of the dynamics within quantum fluid clusters and non-local electronic interactions in nanoscale systems.

中文翻译：

---

量子流体簇中的原子间和分子间衰变过程


在这篇全面的综述中，我们探讨了在受到极端紫外线辐射的超流体氦纳米液滴中观察到的原子间和分子间相关电子衰变现象。氦纳米液滴以其独特的电子和量子流体特性而闻名，为检查各种非局部电子衰变过程提供了一个理想的环境，这些过程涉及相邻位点之间的能量、电荷或两者的转移，并导致电离和低动能电子的发射。关键过程包括原子间或分子间库仑衰变及其变体，例如电子转移介导的衰变。通过研究氦纳米液滴中的这些光-物质相互作用获得的见解增强了我们对电离辐射对其他凝聚相系统（包括生物物质）影响的理解。我们还强调了先进的实验和计算技术，这些技术使得以高光谱和时间精度解析电子衰变过程成为可能。利用来自自由电子激光器的超短脉冲，可以跟踪这些过程的时间演变，从而显着推进我们对量子流体团内动力学和纳米级系统中非局部电子相互作用的理解。