The increasing concentrations of ground‐level ozone (O3) resulting from industrialisation and anthropogenic activities present a substantial environmental threat to agricultural productivity, particularly affecting O3‐sensitive crops such as soybeans. The effects of acute O3 exposure on soybean yield attributes and seed quality and whether soybean showed different detoxification mechanisms in response

A better comprehension and analysis of climate impacts on crop traits allows the implementation of more appropriate adaptation strategies and, therefore, a higher resilience of the future cropping systems. The aims of this study were: (i) to assess how the climate changed in the last 32 years in a Mediterranean‐type climate, (ii) to understand how crop traits evolved over time in early and late durum

Globally, climate changes have significantly shifted the phenological phases and stages of rice, altered the duration of the growing season and negatively affected rice productivity due to flooding and drought. However, in the present study, the positive and negative impacts of inter‐annual climate variability on rice crops during phenological stages in agro‐climatic zones of Punjab for the period

Crop lodging is recognised as one of the yield‐limiting factors in agricultural production. Therefore, better understanding to improve lodging resistance and to prevent lodging‐induced losses in agronomic crops is necessary. Besides yield losses, lodging severely affects the crop harvesting process and increases the production cost. However, achieving the objective of higher crop yields and yield quality

Salinity stress presents a challenging dilemma for plant growth and development. It disrupts cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield through an immediate osmotic and a slower ionic phase, ultimately diminishing its fibre quality. Seed priming, a low‐cost seed pre‐treatment, mitigates these effects by triggering prior metabolic processes and subsequent gene expression. This pioneering work aimed to improve

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) improve crop growth and mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress. This study explores the effects of various PGRs including melatonin (MT), indole‐butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on drought‐tolerant Zhongzhe 9 (ZZ9) and Xintaitang 22 (ROC22), as well as drought‐sensitive varieties Guitang‐44 (GT44) and Funong 41 (FN41) varieties. A pot experiment was

Grain‐filling rate and duration largely affect the grain‐filling capacity, which determines the grain yield of maize (Zea mays L.). Nevertheless, there is little about the mechanism of how various soil mulching practices affect the leaf photosynthetic potential and subsequent grain‐filling capacity of maize. Field experiments were undertaken on rainfed summer maize in northwest China under flat cultivation

Maize, a cereal crop of global significance, encounters cultivation challenges in the subtropical regions of Guangxi, mainly due to variable rainfall and low soil fertility, exacerbating the effects of drought. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on overcoming these challenges and improving maize growth and yield. Between 2020 and 2021, a split‐plot experiment

Elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) can modulate the response of crop plants to drought stress (DS). This study aimed to investigate the response of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant activities, osmotic adjustment substance, phytohormone and signal transduction regulatory enzymes, as well as related genes in foxtail millet to DS (water stress for 10 days), ambient condition (aCO2

The Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) is a widely used method for quantifying crop water status and predicting yield. However, its evaluation across different irrigation methods and its stage‐specific response to crop yield is rarely evaluated. In this study, controlled field experiments were conducted on winter wheat using drip irrigation (DI) and flood irrigation (FI) during the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023

Rice, a staple food crop for over half of the global population, is facing a serious threat of rising temperature due to climate change, especially in the areas producing Basmati rice. The main objectives of the study were to compare the promising cultivars of Basmati rice for heat stress tolerance and to assess how elevated temperature affects leaf physiological and morphological parameters of fine

Cereal crops are cultivated across diverse regions globally, facing numerous environmental challenges, with salinity posing a significant threat to their growth and productivity. Plants respond to salinity stress (SS) through various morphological and physiological mechanisms. Notably, root system architecture (RSA) has emerged as a crucial factor in aiding nutrient uptake and ensuring efficient water

Waterlogging during the anthesis, exacerbated by continuous rainy weather and heavy soil, has become a primary limiting factor affecting wheat yield in southern China's rice‐wheat rotation regions. Previous research indicates that utilizing exogenous 6‐benzylaminopurine (6‐BA) can effectively alleviate the adverse effects of continuous rain on wheat yield, while the fundamental process is yet to be

Silicon (Si) has emerged as a pivotal element influencing various aspects of plant growth and development. This review explores the multifaceted effects of Si on plants, encompassing both biotic and abiotic dimensions. Si, primarily absorbed by plants in the form of orthosilicic acid, demonstrates a diverse range of roles in enhancing plant resistance to environmental stresses. Biotic stresses, including

Waterlogging is a critical abiotic stress increasing in importance due to more intense, erratic rainfall associated with climate change. Waterlogging leads to significant yield losses in sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Identifying soybean genotypes and traits associated with better waterlogging tolerance is of high interest. We assessed the response of six soybean genotypes

In regions of South Asia where rainfed maize is grown, effective crop management during drought is essential for maximising yield. A variety of water‐conserving planting practices are used, and more recently, techniques such as foliar supplementation to maintain nutrients during drought have also shown promise. However, specific combinations of these approaches are often untested for optimality. Here

Nitrogen (N) is crucial for crop production. Crop sequences with different legume participation affect N availability and therefore N fertiliser management. The study aimed to assess the inclusion of winter crops (WC) with different amounts of residues and different C:N ratios on the following: (i) the response to N fertilisation in the following late‐maize (Zea mays L.), and to carry that comparison

Integrating grain yield, component traits and metabolite profiles aids in selecting drought‐adapted and climate‐smart crop varieties preferred by end users. Understanding the trends and magnitude of grain‐based metabolites is vital for selecting wheat genotypes with higher grain yield, drought tolerance, water use efficiency and product profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the response

Waterlogging affects a high proportion of cultivated land worldwide. Sunflower, soybean and sorghum growth and yield can be affected differently depending on the moment and duration of waterlogging stress. If stress conditions occur during the critical period for yield potential definition (flowering in, sunflower and sorghum and end of pod formation in soybean) they directly reduce grain number, but

Heat and drought are two important constraints to global wheat productivity; understanding the genotypic responses for quality parameters under harsh production conditions (drought and heat) is very important for developing nutrient‐dense wheat varieties. A set of 15 modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) cultivars were tested in nine

A significant basis for winter wheat production in China is the North China Plain (NCP). However, winter wheat production is severely hampered by water shortages in this area. Transpiration co‐occurs with photosynthesis, affecting crop water productivity (CWP). The purpose of this experiment is to use Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) to study actual transpiration (AT) and evaporation (AE) under

Ridge–furrow cropping patterns, nitrogen fertilisation and seed rate regulation are popular management strategies for improving crop yields in the semi‐arid areas of Northwest China, but their interactive effects on grain yield and water use efficiency remain poorly understood. In 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, a two‐season field experiment was conducted on winter wheat. There were two cropping patterns

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in legume crops is a crucial ecosystem service that enhances soil nitrogen and reduces the need for chemical fertilisers. This study evaluates the factors influencing the proportion of plant nitrogen derived from atmospheric fixation (Ndfa) in legume crops. We compiled a global dataset spanning from 1980 to 2018 and used the 15N method to assess the impacts of crop

Antioxidant enzymes in plants are critical for protection against oxidative stress and for the overall health and resilience of plant systems. However, antioxidant responses of plants grown in shallow and saline groundwater are poorly understood. Therefore, understanding the biochemical responses of plants to shallow groundwater significantly affects food security and environmental conservation. With

Drought stress significantly challenges wheat production globally, and drought priming has emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate yield loss under drought stress events. However, the effect of drought priming on plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the effects of drought priming at the six‐leaf stage on NUE under drought stress during

The increase in crop yield can be primarily attributed to the combined effect of genetic advancements, as well as increased contributions from nitrogen (N) and water. The accumulation of dry matter plays a crucial role in determining grain yield in winter wheat. The current study aimed to better understand the source‐sink dynamics, analyse the dry matter transport (DMT) before and after anthesis and

High temperature during early grain‐filling stage is one of the serious abiotic stresses limiting maize yield in the North China Plain. Nitrogen (N) fertiliser has an important role in promoting crop growth, especially under abiotic stresses. However, its contribution to alleviating heat stress (HS) inhibition on maize photosynthesis during early grain‐filling stage is still unclear. Experiments with

The responses of eco‐physiological processes such as leaf expansion, plant transpiration and senescence to soil water deficit have been reported to be genotype‐dependent in different crops. To study such responses in soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.), a 2‐year (2017 and 2021) outdoor pot experiment was carried out on the Heliaphen automated phenotyping platform at INRAE in Toulouse (France). Six soybean

Due to increasingly serious soil salinisation, exploring high‐quality closely related wild species is an effective means to solve food security problems. In this study, based on comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of the types, quantities, metabolic pathways and gene expression of small molecule metabolites in cotyledons and embryo axis/root, we report the strategies used by barren‐tolerant

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a globally significant crop, valued for its economic importance in sugar production. Saline‐sodic soil environments negatively impact sugar beet productivity. This study investigates the effects of using compost, glauconite enriched‐K and their combinations in mitigating the saline‐sodic soil environment, sugar beet productivity and extracted sugar quality. A two‐season

Identifying the genomic regions (quantitative trait loci (QTL)) significantly linked to grain yield under drought stress could expedite the development of novel rice cultivars suited for rainfed areas through marker‐assisted breeding. This study identified QTL regions linked to plant phenology and production traits by evaluating 122 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Danteshwari × Daggaddeshi under

Warm night frequency has increased steadily in the last years across maize production regions, but high night temperature (HNT) effects on growth, grain yield and maize dry matter allocation (DMA) to different plant organs remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to (i) analyse the DMA among reproductive and vegetative organs, (ii) evaluate the individual kernel weight through its determinants

The escalating population growth has spurred a demand for increased oilseed production, necessitating urgent attention. However, the expansion of saline‐affected regions posed a significant obstacle to maintain peanut productivity in these areas. Thus, to tackle the productivity decline in saline‐affected regions, we investigated whether substituting polythene mulch with straw mulch, as part of an

Nighttime warming decreased single rice production in southern China, while silicate supply increased the yield and stress resistance. It is still unclear regarding the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality in rice under nighttime warming. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing

Changes in precipitation and snow melt during warmer winters can increase low‐temperature waterlogging. Such conditions may bring about different effects when compared with a single stress trigger, such as low‐temperature or water excess. The effects of waterlogging are clearly related to water temperature, and the consequences of water excess might be less severe, as more oxygen is dissolved in colder

In many parts of the world, solar radiation has decreased during the past 50 years due to industrialisation‐induced elevations in air aerosols which has negatively impacted crop productivity. Climate change threatens rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production due to shade stress caused by reduced light radiation. However, studies on how shade affects photosynthetic mechanisms in rapeseed (leaves and pod

Drought is one of the most adverse factors affecting plant growth and productivity. Identifying elite genotypes and their ideotypic traits conferring high yield potential and drought tolerance is critical in selecting and breeding drought‐tolerant wheat cultivars. In this study, we conducted field experiments at the Xinxiang Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental station in the North China Plain from

Water deficit priming through regulated deficit irrigation has been shown to be beneficial for peanut cultivation, leading to improved water‐use efficiency during the crop cycle and enhanced stress acclimation. The effects of priming using water deficit can be heritable, but little is known about stress priming effects on the physiology and growth of successive generations undergoing water stress.

In the agricultural sector, crop yield prediction plays an important role as it helps farmers make decisions about the growing season and type of crops to get better yield. The main goal in the agricultural sector is to reduce operating costs and pollution by improving crop yields and quality. This paper proposes an effective method for soil analysis and crop yield prediction for intelligent agriculture

The sustainability of global agriculture at higher productivity level is a concern owing to climate change, serious environmental footprints, dipping factor productivity and shrinking availability of natural resources, especially. The situation is worsening in the ‘Food Bowl of India’—Indo‐Gangetic plains (IGP) by several amalgamated factors, such as declining groundwater, unpredictable precipitation

Freeze tolerance is a complex agronomic trait that is difficult to evaluate in the field because of year‐to‐year variation in weather. Discovering plant characteristics closely related to freeze tolerance would enable more effective selection for this important trait. To explore possible physiological mechanisms and search for useful characteristics related to freeze tolerance in winter barley, we

Global warming has led to more frequent extreme weather events, such as heavy summer rains, in the Huang‐Huai‐Hai region. These events significantly impede the growth and development of waxy maize in the area and disrupt the stable progression of the industry. However, there is a lack of effective agricultural measures to mitigate the impact of waterlogging, and the underlying regulation mechanisms

Chickpeas are well adapted to rainfed conditions, but a lack of moisture during the reproductive phase can result in lower pod setting and ultimately reduced grain yield. The exact reasons for this reduction are not fully understood, partly because of the lack of information on soil moisture content (SMC) and water use during podding. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by quantifying the

Precision agriculture (PA) has great potential to increase agricultural productivity and profitability while reducing input costs and environmental impacts. Within PA, site‐specific crop management (SSCM) is considered the main premise, in which tillage operations and precise crop inputs (such as seed, fertiliser, water, pesticide and agrochemical) are applied according to field variability. The main

In the eastern Indo‐Gangetic plains, chickpea is grown postrice cultivation mostly under rainfed condition with residual soil moisture which adversely affects branching as well as pod and seed development, ultimately resulting in substantial yield losses. The current study analysed the moisture stress response of 12 chickpea genotypes with control for different morpho‐physiological traits in two sets

Accelerated senescence under elevated CO2 (eCO2) has not received sufficient attention, and its impact on the effect of CO2‐fertilization is unclear. To investigate the relationship between plant senescence and CO2 concentration, a pot experiment was conducted in four potato genotypes under low CO2 (LC), medium CO2 (MC) and high CO2 (HC) conditions. Nitrogen (N) uptake and cumulative transpiration

There is a need for increasing cropping intensity in South Asia including India to ensure food security of burgeoning population. Accordingly, increasing cropping intensity in rainfed rice fallows can be a futuristic strategy. Identification of suitable cultivar and exploration of genetic variability of specific crops/traits are imperative for genetic improvement, drought resistance and yield gain

Soil salinisation poses a significant threat to global agricultural production and food security. China is among the countries most severely impacted by soil salinisation. To investigate the improvement technology for saline–alkali stress in buckwheat, a typical multigrain crop in northwest China, a coupling regulation study using desulfurisation gypsum and polyacrylamide (PAM) was conducted in 2019

This comprehensive review examined the intricate relationship between climate change and rye (Secale cereale L.) production, focusing on the multifaceted challenges and opportunities posed by changing environmental conditions. Rye is a versatile cereal crop cultivated in temperate regions and is known for its resilience and adaptability to adverse growing conditions. However, as global temperatures

The brown midrib bmr6 and bmr12 mutants of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) have alterations to the phenylpropanoid pathway impairing the activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and/or caffeate5/hydroxyferulate O‐methyl transferase (COMT) enzymes, which inhibit lignin synthesis. Interestingly, these phenylpropanoids can also act as sunscreen compounds in plants and potentially attenuate ultraviolet

Drought is one of the major yield‐limiting factors under climatic adversaries. The positive role of silicon (Si) in drought tolerance of plants has unfolded a new avenue for enhancing crop productivity through better Si use efficiency. It is hence interesting to understand the mechanistic insights pertaining to its beneficial roles under drought stress conditions. Higher plants sense drought stress

The carbon cycle of saline–alkali ecosystems will be affected to some extent in the context of future global warming. Therefore, we investigated the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of three typical crops (wheat, maize and soybean) in the saline–alkaline land of the Yellow River Delta. To further investigate CO2 fluxes, NEE was decomposed into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration

The responses of leaf gas exchange of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) were often investigated within a single generation, while the long‐term acclimation of photosynthesis to growth in e[CO2] over multiple generations has not been systematically studied. Here, five wheat cultivars were grown under either ambient (a[CO2], 400 ppm) or elevated (e[CO2],

Soybean film mulching has shown promise in maintaining consistent and high yields in semi‐arid regions. However, the specific impacts of full‐film and semi‐film mulching on soybean growth, root nodule traits and grain yield are poorly understood. This 2‐year study (2021–2022) investigates the effects of full‐film and semi‐film mulching on soil moisture, soybean growth and yield. Our findings revealed

Climate change is causing drastic reduction in crop yields around the globe due to increase in soil salinity, drought and heat stress. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is regarded as a very significant food security crop considering the climate change scenario. Two quinoa genotypes (Puno and Titicaca) were cultivated on salt affected soil under drought stress with different sowing dates. Compared

Rice–wheat rotation cropland is one of the most important agroecosystems in South China, the escalation of conflict between food demand augment and water supply shortage increased with climate change. Water use efficiency plays a more significant role in optimising water and carbon management. Thus, the diurnal and seasonal variations of water use efficiency were assessed by the 3‐year eddy covariance

Sugarbeets are largely produced without irrigation, making drought stress inevitable when rainfall is insufficient. Whether drought stress impacts root storage, however, is currently unknown. Research was conducted to determine the effect of preharvest water stress on postharvest sugarbeet root respiration rate and susceptibility to storage rots as these traits are the primary determinants for sucrose