The increase in crop yield can be primarily attributed to the combined effect of genetic advancements, as well as increased contributions from nitrogen (N) and water. The accumulation of dry matter plays a crucial role in determining grain yield in winter wheat. The current study aimed to better understand the source‐sink dynamics, analyse the dry matter transport (DMT) before and after anthesis and calculate its ratio to grain yield. In this experiment, eight main cultivars of winter wheat that have been widely cultivated in Shaanxi Province since the 1940s were selected as planting material. Field examinations were conducted using three levels of both irrigation and N. The yield‐related parameters, dry matter accumulation, dry matter distribution, DMT and DMT efficiency were measured. The results showed that irrigation prolonged the time of dry matter accumulation, and the application of N fertiliser increased the rate of dry matter accumulation. The analysis of the dynamic characteristic parameters of dry matter in winter wheat showed that irrigation and N had a significant impact on rate of dry matter accumulation. The proportion of stems, leaves and spikes of new varieties increased significantly (p < 0.05), which increased by 56.67%–69.7%, 13.26%–18.07% and 15.78%–28.26%, respectively, with the varietal improvement. The DMT efficiency increased with varietal improvement and also with increased irrigation and N application. The response of irrigation treatment to DMT and dry matter was more significant. In addition, the irrigation treatment had a higher effect on the DMT efficiency of vegetative organs after anthesis. The logistic equation analysis revealed that water stress accelerated the fulfilment of maximum daily temperature (Tmax), while both the maximum growth rate (Gmax) and dry matter weight (Wmax) decreased as water stress increased. There was a positive linear relationship between dry matter accumulation after anthesis and grain yield. The structural equation model showed that varieties, N application and irrigation had significant positive effects on DMT, post‐anthesis dry matter and grain yield, while irrigation had significant negative effects on DMT efficiency. The accumulation of dry matter in winter wheat after anthesis showed a significant increase with the succession of varieties. The combination of moderate deficit irrigation and fertilisation improved transportation and dry matter accumulation after anthesis in winter wheat, thereby enhancing its production capacity.

中文翻译：

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灌溉和氮肥管理决定旱地条件下冬小麦的干物质积累和产量


作物产量的增加主要归因于遗传进步以及氮（N）和水贡献增加的综合影响。干物质积累对冬小麦产量起着至关重要的作用。当前的研究旨在更好地了解源库动态，分析开花前后的干物质运输（DMT）并计算其与谷物产量的比率。本试验选取20世纪40年代以来陕西省广泛种植的8个冬小麦主栽品种作为种植材料。采用三个灌溉水平和施氮水平进行了田间检查，测量了产量相关参数、干物质积累、干物质分布、DMT 和 DMT 效率。结果表明，灌溉延长了干物质积累的时间，施用氮肥提高了干物质积累的速率。对冬小麦干物质动态特征参数的分析表明，灌溉和施氮对冬小麦干物质积累速率有显着影响。新品种茎、叶、穗比例显着增加（ p < 0.05），随着品种改良，分别提高了56.67%~69.7%、13.26%~18.07%和15.78%~28.26%。 DMT 效率随着品种改良以及灌溉和施氮量的增加而提高。灌溉处理对DMT和干物质的响应更为显着。此外，灌溉处理对花后营养器官的DMT效率有较高的影响。 Logistic方程分析表明，水分胁迫加速了日最高气温的实现（时间最大限度），同时最大增长率（ G最大限度）和干物质重量（瓦最大限度）随着水分胁迫的增加而减少。花后干物质积累与籽粒产量呈正线性关系。结构方程模型表明，品种、施氮量和灌溉对DMT、花后干物质和籽粒产量有显着的正向影响，而灌溉对DMT效率有显着的负向影响。冬小麦花后干物质积累随品种演替显着增加。适度亏水灌溉与施肥相结合，改善了冬小麦花后运输和干物质积累，从而提高了其生产能力。