In the wake of significant advances in agronomy, biology, informatics, agricultural robots (Agri-robots), and artificial intelligence, modern agriculture is transforming from labor-intensive to data-driven mode. Precision agriculture (PA) is one of the most practical solutions for bridging the crop yield gap by performing the right treatments in the right place and at the right time. As a rising star

In-season nitrogen (N) management is a promising strategy to achieve high tuber yield/quality and N use efficiency in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. The SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter (SPAD) provides relative readings on plant N status using leaf chlorophyll transmittance and has the potential to replace the traditionally used expensive petiole analysis by estimating petiole nitrate-N (PNN)

Nitrate leaching has been widely studied in agricultural cropping systems, whereas there are few studies of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) leaching. Moreover, the factors determining variation of DON leaching in arable cropping systems remain unclear. Here, we examined variations in DON leaching from two organic crop rotations (Organic with Green Manure (OGM) and Organic with Grain Legume (OGL))

Grain filling and dehydration are synchronous but opposing processes in maize that occur during the process of grain development; large grains are often poorly dehydrated. The theoretical feasibility of coordinating grain filling and dehydration remains unclear. Here, we used an agronomic indicator, grain water weight, to analyze the relationship between grain filling and dehydration. Data from 61

Vegetation indices have long been used to monitor vegetation using spectral information. The red-edge (RE) bands have gained attention for improved yield prediction capabilities over traditional red/near-infrared-based indices. This study introduces the triple red-edge index (TREI), a novel vegetation index that leverages the three RE bands provided by the Sentinel-2 satellite. It aims to enhance the

Accurate extraction of soybean planting areas is inherently challenging owing to the close similarity in growth stage and spectral characteristics with maize, particularly during the early pod-ding phase. This research introduces a tiered and sequential extraction strategy leveraging Senti-nel-1 and Sentinel-2 (S-1/2) remote sensing data. The methodology integrates feature optimization aimed at minimizing

Continuous long-term simulations of an ensemble of nine crop models covering the 1961–2080 period was employed to assess the expected impacts of climate change on the crop yield and water use for distinct crop rotations (CRs) in Europe. In this study, the likelihood of changes in two differently managed CRs (conventional and alternative) involving four important field crops (winter wheat, spring barley

The synergism of grass-legume consortium in silvopastoral systems has a substantial contribution to improving soil organic matter, and N and C stocks compared to pastures under grass monocropping systems. This study hypothesizes that adding legume trees into long-term established pastures has little impact on soil stability, while can potentially increase soil C and N stocks. Three systems were compared

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop in Ghana. However, the variability of yields throughout the season and in space limits its potential to improve the lives of farmers.

Nutrient scarcity in organic farming is an important obstacle to the growth of the sector. This study aimed to design a novel anaerobic digestion system for enhancing nitrogen (N) availability and abundance by co-digestion of grass-clover biomass and cattle slurry and a series of post-treatments. The digestates were separated, and the solid fraction was dried and stripped of ammonia. By a novel approach

Increasing use of machine-learning (ML) algorithms in plant disease forecasting is one-way to reduce the global crop yield losses caused by plant pathogens. This study focuses on forecasting maize downy mildew (MDM) and developing a web application to disseminate the information for taking early precautions. The susceptible maize genotype, African Tall, was planted each month from October 2018 to September

The soil's variable capacity to store water, known as plant available water capacity (PAWC), may mitigate the adverse effects of drought on crop yields. Nonetheless, the extent to which this mitigation can decrease the probability of crop productivity loss under various drought scenarios, as well as the specific thresholds at which drought begins to restrict crop growth, remains unclear. In this study

Grassland leys are valuable for improving the performance of agricultural production systems. Multispecies mixtures have been proposed as a means of improving yields and reducing weed pressure in temporary grasslands, but the effect is influenced by both the length of the grass phase and fertilization. Based on a long-term organic dairy crop rotation experiment with four years of grass-clover in a

Investigation toward the understanding of the influence of organic amendment input (OAI) on soil quality and crop productivity is essential for farmland management and sustainable development. A systematic review of 196 research articles was conducted focusing on the application of organic amendments to saline-alkali land, resulting in a dataset comprising 1425 pairs of observations for meta-analysis

Silage maize (Zea mays L.) is a prominent forage crop in arid regions where water scarcity and the need for optimized nitrogen (N) fertilizer use pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity and sustainability. Interseeding leguminous cover crops with silage maize can enhance sustainable soil development and improve N management through biological N fixation. However, the competition interactions

Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a main pathway of nitrogen (N) loss from rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddies, which results in lower N use efficiency (NUE) and greater risk of environmental pollution. Excessive N fertilization has a negative effect on yield sustainability and NUE to varying degrees. NH3 emissions are affected by many factors, and the climatic conditions and planting patterns of rice fields

The effective, environmentally friendly, and optimally deployed management of regional agricultural water resources is crucial to ensuring food security and the sustainable use of water resources in the face of challenging agricultural issues, such as increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, water scarcity, and rapid population and economic growth. In this study, a multiobjective model for the optimal

Controlled release urea combined with normal urea (CRUNU) can potentially improve crop yields and reduce the associated environmental risk. However, the effects of CRUNU on farmland environmental benefits and the agroecosystem nitrogen (N) balance have not been evaluated in the winter wheat–summer maize multiple cropping system in northwest China, and few studies have quantified the impacts of CRUNU

The inappropriate use of fertilizers in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) production is widespread worldwide; however, there are few easily implementable methods of fertilizer application rates suitable for smallholders. We established a nutrient expert system for cabbage (NEc) using data collected in China’s cabbage-growing regions from 2000 to 2023. The NEc addressed issues related to nutrient-application

Rapid population expansion has led to a corresponding rise in the demand for sustenance. Researchers have found that traditional agricultural practices are insufficient to meet the demands of commodities, and their inefficiency poses the most pressing obstacle to addressing the growing global food demand. Precision agriculture (PA) is an advanced hierarchy farming system supported by multidisciplinary

Plant lodging prior to harvest is a potential yield limiting factor in soybean production, especially in high-yield, irrigated environments. The mechanism(s) through which lodging limits yield, and the benefits of lodging resistant genotypes are not clearly understood. The objectives of this study were (i) to measure temporal lodging dynamics of two soybean genotypes with contrasting lodging resistance

Automatic weed detection and classification can significantly reduce weed management costs and improve crop yields and quality. Weed detection in crops from imagery is inherently a challenging problem. Because both weeds and crops are of similar colour (green on green), their growth and texture are somewhat similar; weeds also vary based on crops, geographical locations, seasons and even weather patterns

The global production of crop straw has been steadily increasing as the demand for crops continues to grow, with current output reaching approximately 4 billion tons annually. Crop straw is a nutrient-rich resource, but if not properly managed, it can pose environmental risks. Effective utilization of straw remains a significant challenge in agricultural production. To address environmental issues

In the context of canola (Brassica napus L.)-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotational systems, the timing of canola stubble availability and effective weed management play a crucial role in the production of a subsequent winter wheat phase. This study, conducted from 2018 to 2022 across the Canadian prairies, applied a genotype × environment × management framework to examine how manipulations

Conservation agriculture practices are promoted to increase productivity, profitability, and sustainability across diverse cropping systems. Many studies have used these goals in decision support frameworks to identify the most effective treatment among those examined. While this approach is valuable, it lacks actionable guidance for farmers regarding maximizing return, while minimizing risk. It does

Including hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) in a crop sequence before maize (Zea mays L.) can enhance the cash crop grain yield and reduce nitrogen (N) fertilizer needs, though the effects are inconsistent. This study aimed to identify the variables influencing maize grain yield response to hairy vetch as a preceding cover crop and N fertilization in maize following hairy vetch. We conducted 70 experiments

Conservation management in dryland agriculture preserves water, improves soil health and yields. To comprehend the complex interactions of conservation management and environmental factors in a rainfed forage system of the US Great Plains, distinguish the superior influence of conservation over conventional management, and have a different perspective from simulation modeling, machine learning (ML)

Intensive agricultural practices to meet the current world food demand are the main cause of degradation of soil health and environmental pollution. In traditional agriculture, synthetic fertilizers are used which can impact soil health and result in environmental pollution. So, agricultural production in a sustainable way becomes a current issue. Different agricultural inputs may improve soil health

The increasing availability of remote sensing (RS) data and the advancement of computation abilities, combined with the demands for enhancing crop production, encourages the creation of a framework in which crop growth simulation can be updated sequentially to serve as a yield predictor and be part of a decision support system. However, crop model outputs and RS data must be linked via a radiative

The study aim was to analyze and interpret long-term trends in temperature and olive reproductive features, including full flowering dates and daily pollen concentrations, in central Italy. A 40-year database (1982–2022) of pollen and temperature records was utilized. Temperature changes significantly affect spring phenology and olive trees, sensitive to climate change, exhibit earlier flowering in

Long-term chemical fertilizer use poses sustainability challenges for achieving optimal crop yields and may even diminish yields and fertilizer use efficiency. Sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices must address these challenges by reducing fertilizer application. Biochar emerges as a promising solution, with significant potential for enhancing soil fertility and crop yields

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the major crops worldwide. Identification of environmental factors that improve both yield and N2-fixation remain of high importance.

Powdery mildew disease threatens wheat production worldwide, and early detection is of great significance for disease control and maximizing yield and quality. To improve early remote sensing detection of wheat powdery mildew, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) parameters were extracted using three-band Fraunhofer line discrimination (3FLD) and reflectance index approaches, and vegetation

The dwarfing gene Rht15 can significantly reduce plant height and improve lodging resistance, but has some negative effects on yield traits. Rht15 is a gibberellin-responsive (GAR) dwarfing gene that causes dwarfism by blocking the Gibberellin (GA) synthesis pathway in plants, and application of exogenous GA3 can increase the plant height phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate whether

The growing demand for food, fuel, and other agricultural products is reached to be met by increasing production on the land currently under cultivation. To tackle this challenge, we conducted 468 plots containing 263 maize hybrids during 2010–2021. Plots were divided into three yield bands: < 17.7, 17.7–21.0, and > 21.0 Mg/ha. The average yield was 19.2 Mg/ha, with a range of 9.8–24.9 Mg/ha. Dry matter

Oat is a functional resource in food processing, medical, and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to compare the influence of agronomic factors and physiological and climatic parameters on the grain yield of hulled and hulless oat. The following variables were evaluated in a three-year experiment: (i) agronomic factors – nitrogen fertilization, plant protection, and oat morphotypes, (ii)

Timely access to crop above-ground biomass (AGB) information is crucial for estimating crop yields and managing water and fertilizer efficiently. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery offers promising avenues for AGB estimation due to its high efficiency and flexibility. However, the accuracy of these estimations can be influenced by various factors, including crop growth stages, the spectral resolution

Global solar radiation has been decreasing, posing a great threat to food security by reducing photo-assimilation and disrupting carbon (C) partitioning in crops like maize. However, practical countermeasures to cope with source-sink balance in periodic shading stress are lacking. Here, we first simulated shading stresses with different degrees and occurring periods on field maize for two years. Results

Understanding the effects of climate change on cotton fiber quality will reduce the risks to production caused by global warming. Machine learning algorithms are effective for forecasting climate impacts on crops. However, the impact of climate change on cotton fiber quality is unclear. Hence, a hybrid machine learning-enabled approach, the Bayesian model average (BMA) method with multiple machine

The effects of temperature changes on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and its components have been widely documented. However, most existing studies are based on small-scale, short-term field experiments, with few assessing these effects on a large scale or over long periods. Here, the calibrated Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CERES)-Rice model was used for numerical simulations over six climate

The growth poses of citrus on trees are diverse. To ensure minimal loss during citrus harvesting, accurately estimating the pose of citrus is particularly important. To solve this problem, this research developed a real-time citrus pose estimation system based on neural networks and point cloud processing algorithms. Specifically, this method uses neural networks to identify citrus. After constructing

A well-designed drainage system can alleviate soil salinity and waterlogging, leading to increased crop yield if the drainage does not cause a water shortage late in the growing season. We conducted three field experiments with sunflower across two dry seasons (Experiment I in 2019–20, and II and III in 2020–21) in a tropical landscape to examine the effectiveness of shallow drains and mulch in overcoming

European agriculture policies emphasize the importance of agricultural sustainability, focusing on increase of biodiversity through crop diversification. In Mediterranean dryland cropping systems, the introduction of crops in rotation with cereals is challenged by scarce precipitation and high evapotranspiration. In this scenario, camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz), a low-input annual oleaginous

Accurate identification of crop growth stages is a crucial basis for implementing effective cultivation management. With the development of deep learning techniques in image understanding, research on intelligent real-time recognition of crop growth stages based on RGB images has garnered significant attention. However, the small differences and high similarity in crop morphological characteristics

In China’s Loess Plateau, plastic mulch (PM) is an effective agronomic practice for dryland maize (Zea mays L.) to increase grain yield (GY) and water use efficiency (WUE) under water-limited conditions. However, there is dearth of quantitative data on how PM affects field water use step by step, subsequently increasing GY and WUE. The study aimed to identify which changes in the field water use pathway

To promote the efficient utilization of groundwater and improve nitrogen fertilizer effectiveness, a reasonable range of nitrogen application rates and irrigation water temperature was investigated. A field experiment was conducted in Xinjiang, China, in 2022 and 2023, involving four irrigation water temperature levels (T0: 15 °C, T1: 20 °C, T2: 25 °C, and T3: 30 °C) and three nitrogen application

In the current study, the uncertainties of wheat modeling using gridded soil and weather datasets were analyzed under dry farming and irrigated conditions. In this regard, the performance of the CSM-CERES-Wheat model forced with different weather-soil data combinations was studied in some dryland regions in Iran based on normalized Root Mean Square Error (nRMSE), Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), and Percent

Tomatoes, globally cultivated and economically significant, play an essential role in both commerce and diet. However, the frequent occurrence of diseases severely affects both yield and quality, posing substantial challenges to agricultural production worldwide. In China, where tomato cultivation is carried out on a large scale, disease prevention and identification are increasingly critical for enhancing

Enhancing nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for the sustainable production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). The aims of this study were to assess i) the genotypic variation of the main components of NUE (N utilization efficiency (NUTE) and N recovery efficiency (NRE)), ii) the association between these components, related traits, and cultivars, and iii) the usefulness of N nutrition index

Photoperiod manipulation using supplemental lighting enables double-season production of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) under subtropical climatic conditions. In Florida, United States, the spring growing season (Spring) is from February to June, and the fall growing season (Fall) is from June to November. To develop the optimum trellis for this unique hop production system, we examined the effects of two

Manure substitution shows promise for nitrogen (N) management, food security, energy balance and environmental costs reduction. However, there is limited research on this practice in the Huanghuaihai Plain. This study aimed to investigate the energy use efficiency, economic benefits, carbon and nitrogen footprint under two types of N fertilizer (U, urea and M, organic manure), two application rates

The frequency of abiotic stress impairing wheat root growth and yield production has been increasing with global warming. Diverse root traits have been widely targeted to improve wheat adaptivity to different abiotic stress, but most research has been conducted under controlled environments with a single stress factor, hindering transferability to fields conditions with multiple stresses. It is essential

Conventional breeding of ideotypes for target environments is quite challenging because of the genotype by environment interaction and the nature of the genetic complexity for economic traits. Simulation of the adaptive capacity of existing and new germplasms using crop model and genetic information can efficiently assist in determining the potential of well-adapted genotypes for target environments

The Jyndevad field experiment, initiated in 1942 on a coarse sand soil in South of Denmark, explores the effect of four liming levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 Mg lime ha−1). These were in 1944 combined with two levels of mineral phosphorus (P) fertilizer (0 and 15.6 kg P ha−1 year−1), with or without a high initial dose of 156 kg mineral P ha−1. This study assesses interactions between liming and P fertilization

High temperature is known to reduce crop yield, while increased nitrogen (N) application will increase crop grain and protein yields to a certain extent. However, there are few studies on the effects of different N application treatments on crop yield and protein under climate warming in different wheat-maize rotation cultivation sites. Therefore, by utilizing the APSIM model, we investigated crop

Enhancing resilience of agroecosystems of Mediterranean area is a challenge that involves both researchers and different stakeholders and, in this context, increasing crop diversity by redesigning agricultural systems can be considered among the most important tools. Therefore, the response of agroecological practices to climate change effects was tested in a long-term experiment on organic horticultural

Straw return has been found to benefit soil fertility and crop yield, however, by which it affects microbial communities to mediate soil factors driving crop yields under maize continuous cropping systems in dryland areas is still unclear. To fill this gap, a 6-year field experiment was established with five straw return amounts (T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4, representing 0, 3000, 6000, 9000, and 12,000 kg ha−1