Heat and drought are two important constraints to global wheat productivity; understanding the genotypic responses for quality parameters under harsh production conditions (drought and heat) is very important for developing nutrient‐dense wheat varieties. A set of 15 modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) cultivars were tested in nine environments, including three different production conditions (normal, heat and drought) during 2020–21. Genotype stability performance for yield, nutrition and quality parameters is assessed using multienvironment trials through AMMI and GGE Biplot analysis. We discovered intriguing stress dynamics in grain zinc content (Zn) and grain iron content (Fe). Under heat stress, zinc concentration increases but decreases under drought stress, while iron does the opposite. Selecting zinc, starch and kernel weight under terminal heat stress can boost yield. Protein content and yield are inversely related, making it difficult for breeders to optimise both traits. G × E interactions and stability indices across all environments have found genotypes with high‐yielding stable genotypes, G12 (MP1358) (42.09 ppm) and G5 (HI1544) (42.41 ppm) have high Fe content. G12 (MP1358) (14.98%) ranked highest in protein concentration. Meanwhile, for Zn content, G11 (MACS 4058) (45.23 ppm) and G15 (WH730) (42.44 ppm) were top performers across environments. G7 (HI 1636) and G12 (MP1358) stand out as a win‐win genotype for their high potential and stability in yield, protein, Zn and Fe content. Our study shows the complex relationships and possible suggestions for targeted breeding programmes under heat and drought stress conditions to improve wheat grain quality and micronutrient profiles without yield loss.

中文翻译：

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面包小麦和硬粒小麦干旱和终热胁迫下与产量相关的营养和谷物品质性状的多环境分析


高温和干旱是全球小麦生产力的两个重要制约因素；了解恶劣生产条件（干旱和高温）下质量参数的基因型响应对于开发营养丰富的小麦品种非常重要。 2020-21 年期间，在九个环境中测试了一组 15 个现代面包小麦（Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum）和硬粒小麦（Triticum turgidum subsp. durum）品种，包括三种不同的生产条件（正常、炎热和干旱）。通过 AMMI 和 GGE Biplot 分析，使用多环境试验评估产量、营养和质量参数的基因型稳定性表现。我们发现了谷物锌含量 (Zn) 和谷物铁含量 (Fe) 中有趣的应力动态。在热胁迫下，锌浓度增加，但在干旱胁迫下降低，而铁则相反。在终末热胁迫下选择锌、淀粉和籽粒重量可以提高产量。蛋白质含量和产量呈负相关，因此育种者很难优化这两个性状。所有环境下的G×E相互作用和稳定性指数都发现了具有高产稳定基因型的基因型，G12（MP1358）（42.09 ppm）和G5（HI1544）（42.41 ppm）具有高Fe含量。 G12 (MP1358) (14.98%) 的蛋白质浓度排名最高。同时，就锌含量而言，G11 (MACS 4058) (45.23 ppm) 和 G15 (WH730) (42.44 ppm) 是各个环境中表现最好的。 G7 (HI 1636) 和 G12 (MP1358) 因其在产量、蛋白质、锌和铁含​​量方面的高潜力和稳定性而脱颖而出，成为双赢基因型。 我们的研究表明了在热和干旱胁迫条件下有针对性的育种计划的复杂关系和可能的建议，以在不损失产量的情况下改善小麦籽粒质量和微量营养素特征。