Reusing treated wastewater (TWW) with high concentrations of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in Agricultural-Based Managed Aquifer Recharge (AgMAR) presents various challenges to soils, crops, water resources, microbes, public health, and economics. This study investigates the behavior of macronutrients in agricultural soil during TWW recharge through AgMAR, focusing on the effects

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is extensively employed for monitoring soil water content (SWC) in agricultural fields. However, the direct impacts of roots and the indirect effects of root water uptake on soil electrical resistivity (ER) have been largely neglected. Furthermore, the application of ERT technology for precise measurements of crop roots in various conditions (such as cultivars

Sustainable agricultural management is one of the important factors for ensuring food security. In recent years, many wheat and maize fields on the Loess Plateau of China have been transformed into apple orchards for better economic returns. However, the evapotranspiration of apple orchards is far greater than the precipitation supply, resulting in a reduction in water resources that are available

Efficient water management is critical to sustainable crop production in arid and semi-arid southwestern United States. A study was designed to evaluate the variations in soil water content (SWC) and nitrogen (N) dynamics within the 0–100 cm soil profile and forage maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) yields in winter cover crop integrated crop rotations in a semi-arid environment using

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivation in the Arabian Peninsula is crucial for regional agriculture and global markets. The Arabian Peninsula is dominant in date production, contributing approximately 34 % of the global output. Recent advancements in agricultural technologies have improved fruit yield and quality, expanding date palm cultivation globally. However, sustainability challenges

Water and nitrogen (N) are essential factors affecting the tomato plant-fruit system. However, little is known about to what extent water and N could regulate the water and carbon fluxes between the source-sink system, thus influencing fruit growth. In this study, the source-sink ratio (Rss) was proposed and then related to water and N supply by a WN-Jensen function, according to the experimental observations

Water storage dynamics in on-farm reservoirs (OFRs) are crucial for irrigation water allocation and utilization, ensuring agricultural development sustainability. Previous studies have primarily relied on the area-storage model to estimate reservoir water storage using meter-level remotely sensed data, which often falls short of accurately capturing the water storage dynamics of OFRs, especially in

The increased frequency of severe drought events has increased the global water supply security risks, posing a substantial threat to food crop yields such as rice. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately regulate rice irrigation thresholds and optimize the coordination between rice irrigation and the water demand of other industries under severe drought conditions. This study employed the WOFOST model

Evapotranspiration (ET), as a key process in the water cycle and energy cycle, is closely related to the growth and yield of crops. As the basis of efficient irrigation decision, the accurate estimation of ET is critical for agricultural management measures. The Penman-Monteith (PM) model is widely used to estimate ET, for which the determination of canopy resistance (rc) is crucial. Variant formulas

Accurate soil moisture estimation is fundamental for optimizing irrigation strategies, enhancing crop yields, and managing water resources efficiently. This study harnesses time-series RGB-thermal imagery to assess soil moisture throughout various growth stages of corn, emphasizing depth-specific soil moisture estimation and time-series analysis of canopy information such as canopy structure and canopy

Jujube trees play a crucial role in sustainable agriculture in China's water-scarce regions due to their exceptional drought resistance and adaptability to arid environments. However, there is an urgent need to enhance water use efficiency and improve fruit quality in jujube cultivation to meet the growing agricultural demands. This literature review explores current strategies for water utilization

With global climate change, compound extreme weather events are occurring more frequently in many parts of the world. Air temperature and precipitation are the most important weather elements that influence maize growth and yield formation, especially under rainfed cultivation. A consensus has developed that combined temperature and precipitation stresses cause more serious damage to crops than a single

Crop growth simulation models are valuable for understanding and managing agro-ecological systems, especially in arid regions. The DSSAT-CERES-Wheat model is widely used to simulate wheat growth and development, but its accuracy diminishes under water stress conditions. This study evaluated the effects of different types of water stress response functions on the CERES-Wheat model, focusing on unit

China’s rapid economy growth has intensified the pressure on water resources, with agriculture being the largest consumer. Insufficient water in agriculture can constrain production and lead to significant economic losses. Water rights trading (WRT) is a key mechanism for reallocating water resources within and across water-scarce regions and industries. However, WRT often reallocates saved agricultural

Water resources scarcity is an important factor limiting agricultural development in arid and semi-arid areas. In addition, arid and semi-arid regions are often accompanied by soil salinization. This suggests that water-saving irrigation is necessary in salinized soils. Regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is an important water-saving irrigation technology. However, for tomato, which has prolonged flowering

Climate change affects hydrology and water quality. Quantifying climate's dynamic effects on runoff and nutrient yields is critical for advancing climate–adaptive watershed management. This study first constructed the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for a large-scale agricultural watershed in southern China, using multi–site zoning calibration approach and the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting algorithm

Climate change will lead to an increase in the frequency of droughts and extreme rainfalls, with a potential negative impact on rice production. Many studies have been conducted to assess the impact of water stress on yields, but much less attention was paid to rice quality, leading to a poor understanding of the effect of water stress on rice grain quality traits, especially in China - a major rice

As an energy and agricultural product export region that plays a crucial role in Chinese grain and energy security, the grain and energy base in northern China is a widely known ecologically fragile region, suffering from severe water scarcity. This study introduced the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus to assess the impact of agriculture and energy trade on the water stress in the study area. We find

Soil salinization readily occurs in artesian irrigation areas within arid regions due to prolonged irrigation, leading to diminished soil productivity and consequential impacts on regional food security and ecological stability. The present study focuses on the northern area of Qingtongxia artesian irrigation district in Ningxia, the spatial characteristics of soil salinity were investigated using

Realism about productivity gains in agriculture and water is critical to understand if the world can feed itself while protecting nature. We use government-reported data to review progress over 2000–2020 compared to projections for irrigated and rainfed agriculture and trade. Our results over the period 2000–2020 show that productivity gains largely did not materialize. Instead of consolidating cereal

Saline water irrigation offers a potential solution for sustaining crop yields under freshwater scarcity. However, it carries risks such as soil structure deterioration and soil organic matter decomposition, which could accelerate nutrient release. Elevated soil salinity further hampers crop growth and reduces nutrient uptake, particularly affecting phosphorus absorption. This study investigated the

The individual effects of cropping patterns and planting densities on cotton yield formation and resource utilization have been extensively studied in the arid regions of western China, but research on their combined impacts remains limited. This study hypothesized that optimizing cropping patterns and planting densities would enhance hydrothermal resource productivity and cotton yield in the region

Accurate predictions of irrigation’s impact on crop yield are crucial for effective decision-making. However, current research predominantly focuses on the relationship between irrigation events and soil moisture, often neglecting the physiological state of the crops themselves. This study introduces a novel intelligent irrigation approach based on distributional reinforcement learning, ensuring that

Estimation of crop residue cover is important for energy balance in agroecosystem and sustainable development of agriculture. We evaluated the dimidiate pixel model, widely used for estimating photosynthetic vegetation cover, for non-photosynthetic vegetation (such as winter wheat residue) cover estimation. In this study, based on spectral and cover data of winter wheat residue in dry and wet soil

Nitrogen (N) –loaded clinoptilolite is renowned for its high–water retention and nutrient supplementation properties, which benefit crop growth. However, its combined effects with water–saving irrigation regime on N mineralization, root system characteristics, and nutrient yield, particularly their regulatory pathways, remain underexplored. This two–year split–plot experiment evaluated the impact of

Aerated irrigation can enhance soil conditions such as soil oxygen, soil temperature, and soil moisture content and alter the structure of soil microbial communities. However, there is a dearth of research on the specific mechanisms and their mutual influence. Rhizosphere soil microbes are sensitive to changes in the soil environment, and the delivery of air or oxygenated water to rhizosphere soil

Emitter clogging is one of the most significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). This research focused on a five-year-old corn SDI system operating in the North China Plain, where the flow rates and internal clogging material content of 3384 non-pressure compensation emitters (accounting for 51.2 % of the total number of emitters) were measured through excavation

Agricultural activities due to fertilization contribute significantly to nutrient loadings and other environmental burdens, posing a severe threat to ecosystems. Although a portfolio of green agricultural practices is recommended, few studies address the environmental benefits from a life-cycle perspective. This study comprehensively evaluates the cradle-to-gate environmental benefits of integrating

Almond and pistachio are socio-economically significant tree crops grown in California’s San Joaquin Valley (SJV). Continuing commercial production with efficient irrigation planning under changing climate requires an extensive understanding of their biophysical interactions such as altered phenology, biomass accumulation, transpiration, and other processes. This study examines the phenology and water

The rapid green fodder expansion in native grassland and cropland in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau (a rain-fed region), driven by the increasing forage demand, has altered vegetation patterns and potentially affected carbon and water cycles. To clarify the elusive effects of green fodder expansion on the carbon sequestration and water consumption in this region, we examined its impacts on productivity

Dry-wet cycling and soil moisture are key factors affecting cadmium (Cd) remediation in soils by biochar; however, their long-term effects on the transport of Cd between soil and biochar, Cd fraction distribution, and Cd potential risks are still unclear. To reveal the long-term Cd remediation mechanisms and potential risks in soil under biochar treatment, 180 days of artificial dry-wet cycling was

Deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) have been applied widely to satellite data of vegetation indices to infer indirect features associated with soil characteristics that affect crop performance in rain-fed environments. In this paper, we propose a DL model for prediction of plant available water capacity (PAWC) of the soil from sequential multi-modal data including time series of biomass,

Excessive irrigation in orchards can lead to wastage of water resources and instability or reduction in fruit yield. Therefore, this study aims to comprehensively explore the relationships among growth indicators, photosynthetic parameters, apple yield, and water productivity (WP) based on structural equation modeling (SEMD), and develop the appropriate irrigation management strategy for sustainable

Seasonal droughts and extreme weather events are threatening citrus production in south China. Investigating the effect of deficit irrigation (DI) on leaf physiology, fruit growth, yield and crop water productivity (WPc) is significantly important for the sustainable development of citrus industry. In this study, a full irrigation treatment (CK) and 16 DI treatments were designed including the low

Plastic film mulching (PM) combined with irrigation is widely adopted to improve crop yields, water and nitrogen efficiency, especially in arid farming areas. Despite its benefits, the effects of this method on soil quality and its subsequent impact on crop productivity and resource efficiency have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we formulated a soil quality indicator (SQI) from five

Accurately simulating stomatal behavior is crucial for understanding water, carbon, and energy fluxes between land and atmosphere. Given the significant impact of plastic film mulching on water and temperature, it is essential to incorporate water and temperature modifications into stomatal conductance models under these conditions. In this study, we evaluated three commonly used stomatal conductance

Winter cover crops can provide multiple ecosystem services but can reduce succeeding maize (Zea mays L.) yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) by depleting soil water compared with no cover crop in arid and semi-arid regions. We examined the impacts of winter cover crops (lentil [Lens culinaris L.], oat [Avena sativa L.], lentil/oat mixture, and no cover crop) and nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 165

Changes of crop planting area and structure generally cause much uncertainty in water sustainability. As the main grain producing area in China, the Black Soil Granary area (covering the whole Songhua River Basin) is facing the contradiction between water resources and grain production. Thus, assessing the effects of shifting crop areas and structures on water supply/demand is vital for ensuring China’s

Water scarcity is a major threat to food security and sustainable agriculture. Among the most vulnerable groups are farmers, who are increasingly exposed to the adverse impacts of water Scarcity. Regarding this issue, farmers need to adapt to water scarcity. Thus, understanding the factors influencing farmers' adaptative behavior is important. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the constructs

Applications of the two-source energy balance (TSEB) scheme require either in-situ meteorological data to characterize the upper boundary conditions or the implementation of complex multi-scale approaches (ALEXI/DisALEXI). Over remote areas, detailed meteorological forcing (i.e., air temperature and wind speed) are often missing, limiting the quality of the simulated fluxes. To compute surface energy

Water scarcity under global climate change has impacted decreased agricultural productivity. Determining the suitable crop rotation strategy under water scarcity applicable to a specific region requires an evaluation of crop suitability, water scarcity, and economic benefits to farmers. This paper aims to improve agricultural productivity and economic benefits through crop rotation strategies under

Estimating actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc act) is a fundamental requirement for effective crop water management, aiming to achieve precision irrigation amidst changing environmental conditions. Despite the introduction of various methods for estimating ETc act values, these methods are still associated with several challenges and limitations. Motivated by the robustness of deep learning models

Open ditches and subsurface drainage are effective measures for improving saline soils. Installations of subsurface drainage are now complementing surface drainage in Northwest China, but their optimisation has not been attempted. Therefore, the drainage and desalination performance of a combined subsurface drainage-open ditch system was analysed using two years of field experiments. The data were

The global challenge of water scarcity, particularly in agriculture, demands urgent attention due to the overexploitation of water resources and the escalating impacts of climate change. This study focuses on the unique challenges faced by Poland, experiencing increasing concerns related to droughts. It explores the utilization of supplemental irrigation, specifically in the context of Central Europe

Water scarcity is increasingly driven by socio-economic dynamics, climate change, and population growth. Conflicts among water users, including states, complicate sustainable water management, necessitating collaborative solutions. Building on important studies in water resource management, this study integrates the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model with the Nash bargaining solution to develop

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a crucial hydrological process in terrestrial and agricultural ecosystems, and is a key factor driving climate change dynamics. Understanding the variability of ET and how it responds to controlling factors helps describe the impact of environmental changes on agricultural ecosystems. This study analyzes long-term continuous measurements from an Eddy Covariance (EC) system

Large-scale center pivots have been imported into Algeria since the 1980s to promote cereal production in the Sahara, but these pivots did not match either user needs or smallholder farming systems. In response, local artisans designed a smaller, cheaper, more robust center pivot in an incremental open innovation process that lasted 10 years. Currently, around 35 % of the Algerian potato production

Nature-based solutions (NBS), exemplified by external green walls, play a crucial role in bolstering the sustainability of cities by mitigating heat islands and moderating temperatures. Nevertheless, owing to the lavish consumption of urban water in green walls, the adoption of recycled water for irrigation within these infrastructures emerges as a widely employed strategy. We conducted an investigation

Crop specialization has become an important way to promote agricultural efficiency and increase incomes for farmers in China. Under extreme weather conditions, this is likely to increase resistance to drought risk mitigation and lead to greater drought damage. In order to make more sophisticated mitigation policy decisions, it requires efforts to assess crop drought risk variability and its risk mitigation

Changes in reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) due to climate change (CC) can severely impact food and water security, emphasizing the need for integrating ETo projections into agricultural water management strategies. In this study, ETo changes were projected for two future time slices with respect to the baseline using several machine learning techniques, incorporating minimum and maximum temperature

The leaf rolling index (LRI) is a phenotype with significant physiological implications under drought stress. However, research on the quantification of the cotton LRI is lacking, limiting its application in drought diagnosis, irrigation guidance, and physiological assessments. This study conducted a 3D reconstruction of cotton using Structure from Motion (SFM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS). Algorithms

Optimizing fertilizer and water application and using standardized and clean production methods are important for achieving green and sustainable agricultural development. The study was conducted from 2018 to 2021, arranged in a split-plot experimental design. Three fertilization levels (main plots) and four supplementary irrigation treatments (secondary plots) were set through three consecutive years

Zebra mussel infestation has become a serious problem affecting pressurized networks. Larvae settle in pipeline walls creating relevant obstructions to flow as they grow and develop shells. Oxidant injections in the stream are commonly used to control the infestation. A model is proposed for simulating the transportation, settlement and death of mussels in pressurized networks. This model is coupled

Accurate estimation of transpiration (T) in kiwifruit trees is essential for effective irrigation and water management. Canopy resistance (rc) is crucial for estimating T, but existing models do not fully consider the unique canopy structure and microclimate variations in kiwifruit trees. This study established a rc estimation model based on a synthesis of sunlit and shaded leaves (SSL) and optimized

The Songhuajiang River basin (SRB) in Northeast China underwent obvious changes in land use in recent years, which might lead to intense changes in basin hydrology and water conservation. Therefore, to evaluate the effects of land use changes on the hydrological cycle and associated water conservation in the SRB, a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used. The model auto-calibration

Grapevine production worldwide is adversely impacted by climate change, including limited water availability, low-quality or sudden excess of water, and more frequent, severe, and prolonged heatwaves. As a result, grapevine growers require reliable spatial and temporal information on vine water status to adapt practices. This research evaluates the use of Landsat 8 satellite imagery in conjunction

Soybean is a vital oil crop in Ethiopia to attract foreign income. In southwest Ethiopia's irrigated conditions, phosphorus fertilization and water stress limits soybean yield. A three-year field experiment (2018/19–2020/21) assessed the impact of deficit irrigation (DI) and phosphorus rate (P rate) on crop water productivity (WPc), agronomic efficiency of phosphorus (AEP) and soybean yields. It included

Sainfoin has gained considerable attention in the forage, medicinal, and food industries due to its exceptional nutritional profile and rich bioactive compounds. However, knowledge of agricultural practices for its seed production, particularly in arid and semiarid regions, remains limited. We conducted a three-year field experiment from 2021 to 2023 to evaluate the effects of four irrigation frequencies

The Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) is a degraded ecosystem that has not been fully restored, characterized by perennial drought and erosion. Oil peony is an important plant that can tolerate drought and produce abundant seeds for high-quality edible oil. As a result, it will be widely planted as part of a vegetation restoration project to control soil erosion in the CLP and increase farmers' income. However

Direct incorporation of straw into the flooded paddy has been widely confirmed to induce substantial methane (CH4) emissions. Exploring innovative modes of straw return and associated field water management is necessary to mitigate CH4 emissions without compromising crop yield. Here, a 2-year field experiment was conducted with two wheat straw returning modes [straw evenly-plowed returning (SR) with