The diseases of tea leaves have a significant impact on their quality and yield, making the rapid identification of leaf diseases in tea crucial for prevention and control. We propose an LBPAttNet model, incorporating a lightweight coordinate attention mechanism into ResNet18 to enhance disease localization and reduce background interference. Furthermore, we employ the local binary patterns (LBP) algorithm

The acaricidal activity and efficacy of oxymatrine-based commercial biopesticide on the peanut red spider mite Tetranychus ogmophallos Ferreira and Flechtmann, 1997 were assessed under laboratory, semi-field, and field conditions. In the laboratory, the oxymatrine-based biopesticide provided high acute toxicity for T. ogmophallos larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, and adult females, in a manner dependent

Cedrus deodara, a tree species native to the slopes of the Himalayas, has been widely cultivated for timber and ornamental purpose in China. In September 2024, blight shoots of C. deodara were commonly noticed in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China, with an incidence rate of 67%. This disease reduces not only the growth but also the ornamental and economic value of affected C. deodara. Disease symptoms

Cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide commonly used against fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda; however, sublethal exposure of cyantraniliprole on different generations of S. frugiperda, has not been fully studied. This proposed study aimed to estimate the sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole on the biological and demographic parameters of parental generation (F0) and intergenerational

Plant diseases and insect pests present significant challenges to agricultural productivity, while nutritional deficiencies impede plant growth. Recent research has focused on plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), which regulate soil microbial populations and play an important role in geochemical nutrient cycles. Among the emerging strategies, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by soil

Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its significant economic and ecological values. However, with increasing acreage, diseases of this crop are becoming more frequent and severe, threatening yield and quality. Leaf spot is a common disease affecting this crop. In October 2022, leaf spots of Chinese prickly ash plants were found

Jute stem rot disease, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, presents a multifaceted challenge to jute cultivation. While diseases caused by this pathogen have been reviewed extensively in several other crops, a dedicated examination of its impact on jute (Corchorus capsularis and C. olitorius) is long overdue. Continued research and innovation in disease management will be crucial for ensuring the prosperity

Dragon Fruit Canker (DFC), caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, threatens the profitability of the dragon fruit industry worldwide. In the U.S., the number of fungicides registered for this crop is limited, challenging the effective control of DFC, particularly in South Florida, where frequent outbreaks occur. This study evaluated the in vitro sensitivity of N. dimidiatum isolates to 13 synthetic and

Faster and less expensive quality tests are essential for measuring the quality of microbial pesticides formulations for users. In this work, the conductivity of the suspensions of six commercial Bacillus thuringiensis products was compared with the International Units of Potency (IU) in labels, the concentration of the pesticide protein, the presence of Cry-type, virulence in the larvae of Spodoptera

The insecticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities of 13 phytochemicals belonging to the monoterpene, phenylpropene, and sesquiterpene classes against Bemisia tabaci adults were evaluated on plants of tomato in laboratories and greenhouses. In the fumigant toxicity assay, p-cymene, α-terpinene, and α-pinene exhibited the highest fumigant toxicity with LC50 values of 9.64, 11.74, and

Phytophthora syringae, classified into algae Eumycophyta, Oomycota, Pythiales, Pythiaceae, which is a quarantine pathogen that causes brown rot on fruits, stem rot and root rot in urban landscaping. Although the existence of P. syringae has not been proven in China. Since the first interception of P. syringae on navel oranges imported from the United States at the port of Tianjin in 2011, quarantine

As a major invasive injurious insect, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley poses a significant threat to cotton production. The presence of a wax coating on P. solenopsis impedes the efficacy of insecticides and contributes to the development of chemical pesticide resistance. Therefore, the synergistic effect and mechanism of croton essential oil (Co) and its components were investigated in combination with

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a nutritionally rich vegetable, but its production is hampered by downy mildew, caused by Hyaloperonospora parasitica. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various fungicides in managing downy mildew in broccoli under field conditions during the 2021-22 and 2022-23 growing seasons. Nine treatments, including fungicidal combinations and solo products

The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a primary pest and internal feeder of cereal grains, responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide, including in Indonesia. This study assessed the host preference and biological performance of the maize weevil on several Indonesian cereal grains, including milled rice (IR64), unhulled rice (Mekongga), maize

Cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) is a major agricultural pest that causes significant yield losses of crop plants each year. In the past few decades, the potent approaches of H. armigera control, including chemical insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins, have been constrained due to health hazards, environmental contamination, and development of resistance

Garlic is a major spice crop in Nepal. A number of pathogens, including viruses, are known to cause economically important diseases in garlic. Garlic leaves showing leaf curl and mosaic symptoms and thirteen garlic accessions were collected from 12 districts. The accessions were planted under both the field and vector-free conditions. The leaf samples, collected directly from the fields and representative

The sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an economically important polyphagous pest species with a global distribution. This pest not only causes direct damage by sucking plant phloem sap but also transmits viruses and excretes honeydew, which can lead to the formation of black sooty mould, thereby intensifying its significance in agricultural regions

Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) is one of the most nutritious fruits in China, with edible and traditional medicinal values. Brown rot, caused by different species of Monilia, is a common and severe postharvest disease of fruit. In September and October 2023, kiwiberry brown rot was observed in several fruit supermarkets in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province. Fungal isolates were obtained from the edges of

As a major invasive pest, Tuta (=Phthorimaea) absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) poses a substantial threat to tomato production. The use of egg parasitoids from the family Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) has been identified as a potential biological option for controlling T. absoluta. Furthermore, these parasitoids demonstrate effectiveness in parasitizing and managing pests in outdoor settings.

Panonychus citri, is a destructive pest in citrus orchards. The diversity of pests in citrus orchards leads to the improper pesticides application, and induced resistance may be an alternative mechanism for pest resurgence. In the present study, the acute toxicity of sulfoxaflor against P. citri adult females in leaf-dipping exposure experiment was determined at 24 h. Furthermore, the effects of sublethal

Early diagnosis of plant diseases is essential for reducing crop losses and improving agricultural production. Plant diseases markedly diminish output and food supply, highlighting the critical necessity for effective diagnostic instruments. Leaf analysis is an effective technique for evaluating plant health, providing information on diseases and deficiencies. This research underscores the significance

Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicines owing to its renown antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. During surveys conducted in the Zhijin County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province in China, prominent yellow-brown spots were observed on the leaves of P. odoratum. These spots eventually led to the death of the entire plant as they expanded, thus

Greenhouses are one of the most intensified agricultural production systems and where the impact of insect pests has been studied the most, yet there is little information on bird pests affecting crops grown under plastic. To uncover potential conflicts between birds and farmers in southeast Spain, where the highest concentration of greenhouses in Global North is found, we surveyed local farmers to

Kiwi is an important commercial fruit crop in China. Leaf spot diseases of kiwi caused by fungal pathogens seriously affect the growth of the fruit tree. In 2023, large areas of kiwi leaves suffered by black spot disease were observed in an orchard in Guizhou Province, China. A total of 230 leaves of twenty-five kiwi trees were randomly investigated, and the incidence of leaves with black spot symptoms

Chilli (Capsicum annuum) is a globally cultivated perennial herbaceous plant highly valued for its culinary importance and nutritional richness. In February 2024, during routine surveillance for diseases in solanaceous crops, a disease with leaf blight symptoms was observed on chilli in a plantation area in Dhubri district of Assam, India. The diseased symptom was characterized by small brown lesions

Polygala crotalarioides, a plant highly valued for its medicinal properties, suffered a severe root rot outbreak in a medicinal plant planting base in Yunnan Province, China, from 2022 to 2023. The affected plants exhibited typical root rot symptoms, beginning with localized browning of roots and rhizomes, progressing to basal petiole rot, and ultimately leading to leaf death and rhizome decay. This

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) from the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are promising biological control agents against various insect pests. However, one major limitation to their commercial use is their limited shelf life during storage. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of incorporating a super absorbent polymer (A200) into carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) formulations of infective

Climate change and increasing global trade are facilitating species’ introduction and establishment outside their native ranges. Predicting likely introductions and spread areas could help to lower the introduction and spread risk of new species through biosecurity measures. The citrus long-horned beetle (Anoplophora chinensis) is a polyphagous species native to Asia and causes significant damage to

Host-plant resistance is an important pest management tool that is often overlooked in stored grain systems where the mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated 13 varieties of rice for resistance toward the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae), one of the most devastating pests of stored rice. Over a two-month period, we measured each variety's

Plums (Prunus salicina) are highly valued for their diverse flavors and nutritional benefits, making them essential ingredients in processed foods such as juices and jams, making them one of the world's most popular fruits. However, their postharvest short shelf life, compounded by rapid deterioration and rot, presents significant challenges to maintaining fruit quality and extending shelf stability

The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is one of the most devastating pests, inflicting severe damage on a wide range of crops. The tetramic acid insecticides, spirotetramat and spiropidion, act as inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis by targeting acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), disrupting fatty acid biosynthesis and energy metabolism. In the present study, a total of 47 field populations

In the three-level nutritional structure of plant–phytophagous insect–natural enemies, plants exert direct and indirect effects on natural enemies. Additionally, the effect of the host diet on natural enemies also has an indirect impact on pest control. Herein, the effects of two diets of Ephestia elutella on the fitness of its natural enemy Habrobracon hebetor were studied using an age–stage, two-sex

Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) is a valuable fruit crop originating from Borneo and widely cultivated in Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Increasing consumer demand, particularly from China, has boosted its trade and value. However, the durian industry faces significant challenges from the devastating pathogens Phytophthora palmivora and Phytopythium vexans, which cause various

The escalating impacts of climate change are exacerbating the spread and intensity of Botrytis bunch rot (BBR), a devastating grapevine disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Growers have traditionally relied on synthetic fungicides to manage BBR, but the increasing resistance of B. cinerea to these chemicals, coupled with growing environmental concerns, has intensified the search

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a major insect pest affecting corn globally. S. frugiperda often coincides with maize diseases, as their damage periods overlap. Consequently, S. frugiperda may be exposed to varying types and quantities of these fungicides during the growing season. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of difenoconazole and pyraclostrobin on the biological and physiological

Codonopsis pilosula, an important genuine herb in Shanxi Province, is generally named Lu Dangshen, and is well-known for its high medicinal value. In 2023, Fusarium wilt, a newly observed severe disease on C. pilosula, is responsible for approximately 40% incidence in the field. It was noticed that the diseased C. pilosula roots were usually asymptomatic on the surface. The typical symptoms were vascular

Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a major weed problem worldwide, particularly in onion (Allium cepa L.) fields in Iran. No specific herbicide has been registered or reported for controlling purple nutsedge in onion fields in the country. To address this, two field experiments were conducted over two years (2021 and 2022) at the Jiroft Culture and Industry Company in Jiroft, Kerman, Iran, using

Meloidogyne enterolobii can reduce yield and quality of chickpea. Thus far, no resistant cultivars have been reported. Hence, a study was carried out to evaluate the relative performance of biological products for the management of M. enterolobii on chickpea. Greenhouse experiments were conducted with ten treatments (five formulations of antagonistic fungi and bacteria applied either individually or

Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem. Is widely used in landscaping. In August 2023, leaf spot disease in T. jasminoides was observed in the city parks and foresty districts of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. Symptoms of the disease include gray‒white spots of different sizes and round or irregular shapes, and late leaf spots are very prone to crumbling, the formation of perforation symptoms

Detection of weeds is essential to implement an intelligent weed control system in natural corn fields. Then, to address this issue, the Swin-UNet, Segmenter, and SegFormer deep learning transformer architectures have been implemented and compared. Furthermore, a simple thresholding method has been performed to enhance the segmentation. Moreover, a large pixel-level annotated image dataset acquired

The introduction of herbicide-resistant and Bt crops has led to significant disruption in weed and insect pest communities. Using pheromone-baited traps, we assessed the impact of varying levels of Amaranthus infestation on the population abundance of S. cosmioides in both Bt and non-Bt soybeans. Additionally, we monitored the abundance of S. cosmioides and other leaf-chewing larvae in these soybeans

The mealybug Planococcus ficus Signoret is an important vineyard pest, causing direct damage from feeding as well as vectoring important viral pathogens. Several species of ants tend P. ficus in California, including the pavement ant, Tetramorium immigrans Santschi. We tested the impact of polyacrylamide hydrogels loaded with a 25% sucrose solution and a variety of individual insecticide active ingredients

The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, is one of the main primary pests of stored grains in the world. Synthetic insecticides are the main means of controlling this pest, but environmental and health issues have been associated with their use. Therefore, natural insecticides have been sought to control pests like this. The objective of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of fixed oil

In this study, we investigated the application of three convolutional neural network models YOLOv5, YOLOR, and YOLOv7 for precisely detecting individual radish plants, radish rows, and weeds. A comprehensive dataset was created, capturing diverse conditions and annotated for three target classes: radish, radish-line, and weed. Through extensive experimentation involving 39 combinations of model types

Deep learning has been widely applied as a general technique for image classification in plant diagnosis. Despite the impressive performance verified by individual classification tasks, deep learning networks suffer from forgetting the knowledge of old-type when updating the input stream by new disease samples in the continual plant diagnosis. Recently, rehearsal-based class-incremental learning approaches

In 2019, an unknown wilting disorder on snow bush (Breynia disticha) was observed in Changhua County, Taiwan. Symptomatic snow bush plants exhibited wilting, necrotic, and vascular discoloration. Two strains Bre-RS1 and Bre-RS2 were isolated from symptomatic tissues. Based on physiological tests and molecular analysis, the two bacterial strains were identified as Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum biovar

Weeds prevent the growth of the lentil crop, which significantly reduces yield. Imazethapyr (IM), a post-emergence herbicide, primarily inhibited acetolactate synthase activity by reducing branched-chain amino acid contents which had an impact on plant growth. IM application has a secondary impact of increasing oxidative stress due to ALS inhibition. The objective of the present study was to elucidate

Herbicides are an important tool for weed management in water-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.); however, the reduced efficacy from available herbicides and the lack of new herbicides have encouraged research on new use of older herbicides for this production system. This research evaluated weed control and water-seeded rice response to pendimethalin applied post-emergence in a field trial. Pendimethalin

The agricultural crops, like corn, suffer from the presence of undesirable plants known as weeds, which compete for sunlight and water, leading to lower crop yields. Recognizing weeds during their early growth stage is vital for minimizing their impact on crop growth and maximizing yield. By leveraging a lightweight deep neural network, this research endeavours to classify corn and the weeds that often

Disease management using synthetic fungicides is the main strategy used by tomato growers to prevent tomato yield reductions caused by Septoria leaf spot (SLS). Despite the importance of this plant disease, there is little information about the sensitivity of Septoria lycopersici isolates to fungicides. The sensitivity of 94 isolates of S. lycopersici to azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, tebuconazole,

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), presents a significant threat to global agricultural production. While chemical pesticides have traditionally been effective in controlling such pests, the increasing demand for organic products has spurred the search for environmentally friendly alternatives. Biopesticides have emerged as a promising solution

Feathertop Rhodes grass (Chloris virgata Sw.) is a summer growing grass weed that is invading farming land in southern Australia, being favoured by conservation farming systems and weed management using a narrow range of herbicides. Improved understanding of the biology of this species will be important for its effective management. A series of experiments on seed germination, dormancy release and

A field experiment was conducted during the agricultural years 2019 and 2020, using a network system with a distance of 2 × 2 m. At each network node, soil, wheat grain yield, seed bank, black grass and wild barley weed density, and biomass were measured. Soil components with high consumption had 0%–55.9% spatial correlation. The association between soil pH and EC was 50.0%–75.2%. The soil texture

Hand weeding is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Although mechanical weed extraction has the potential to save time and money on labor, several obstacles prevent its broad adoption, especially in rural and hilly areas. Small-scale farmers find power weeders to be expensive and impractical, and the haphazard planting of crops further restricts the machine's usefulness. Labor-saving, regionally tailored

Carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are important biocontrol agents of insect pests and weeds worldwide. Despite this, few studies have investigated weed seed-consuming carabids in Latin America. We studied the relationship between the abundance of weed plants and the population size of carabids in five agroecosystems located in four municipalities (Jaboticabal, Guaíra, Gavião Peixoto, and Descalvado)

The South American tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a newly introduced invasive destructive pest that poses a major threat to tomato production in China. Chemical control is a predominantly measure for controlling this pest. Monitoring of insecticide efficacy is the basic tool for proactive evidence-based resistance management. As a new invasive species, the

Research on vineyard pests is crucial for the reduction of annual yield losses and the development of sustainable methods of pest control. The vine-bud moth, Theresimima ampellophaga, has long been considered a harmful grapevine pest in the countries bordering the Mediterranean basin. The larvae feed extensively on vine leaves and buds, and records from the early 20th century indicate that even a minor

Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] is one of the most important food crops and also used as forage, brewing and industrial raw materials in China. In recent years, during field surveys a new leaf spot was detected on sorghum plants in Liaoning Province, China. The pathogen was isolated used a conventional pathogen isolation method and identified by its morphology cultural characters and phylogenetic