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The shift in sports viewing: scale development and validation for mediated sports consumption motivation European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-02 Min Jung Kim, Luke L. Mao, Todd Seidler, John Barnes
Mediated sports, the alternative consumption formats that substitute live stadium or arena experiences, are on the rise and have become a prevalent means of consuming sport. This study developed a ...
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Fan and fantasy: investigating the impact of fantasy sports on sports fan identity European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-02 Apurva Jha, Arpan Kumar Kar, Agam Gupta
This study investigates the impact of fantasy sport on online sport fan identities. It explores the socio-psychological outcomes experienced by sport fans participating in fantasy sport and investi...
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The determinants of stadium attendance in elite women’s football: evidence from the FA Women’s Super League European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 Maurizio Valenti, Nicolas Scelles, Stephen Morrow
While increasing the number of spectators at women’s football matches is critical for the commercial growth of the sport, the academic literature offers limited evidence on the drivers of stadium a...
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A ‘conditioned emergence’ approach to managing systemic change in sport: insights from Golf Australia European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 Joshua McLeod, Ian O’Boyle, David Shilbury, Lesley Ferkins, Robert MacIntosh
Managing systemic change within sport governing bodies is a complex challenge. This paper uses the lens of complexity theory to shed new light on the process and investigates the following question...
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Integrated women's football teams can attract larger stadium crowds European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-20 Julian Hadwiger, Sascha L. Schmidt, Dominik Schreyer
Women's sports have seen a trend of diversification recently, with women's and men's teams merging to form integrated football clubs. While such integrated clubs (e.g. Paris Saint-Germain), in part...
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When calling and overwork climate collide: the effect on burnout and intention to change careers European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Matt R. Huml, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Marlene A. Dixon, Jeffrey A. Graham
Working within one’s calling provides individuals with several work-related benefits, while an overwork climate negatively impacts employees’ work experience. How do the concepts interact, especial...
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Investigating the role of stakeholders in leveraging sustainability strategies in sports European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-22 Tiberio Daddi, Owais Khan, Luca Marrucci, Fabio Iraldo
Football is increasing its commitment toward environmental sustainability. However, the research on understanding the role of stakeholders in leveraging the adoption of green strategies in grassroo...
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Institutional work as response to institutional complexities in hybrid elite sport and sport for all organizations European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Sofus Rasmussen, Anna-Maria Strittmatter, Berit Skirstad
This study aimed to examine how actors across different organizational levels respond to institutional complexity when facilitating elite sport and sport for all. By applying institutional work to ...
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COVID and the crisis: the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of elite athletes and their thoughts about career ending European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Henry Steinfeldt, Sören Dallmeyer, Christoph Breuer
This study investigates the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on the subjective well-being of elite athletes in Germany and their thoughts about ending their careers.Using survey dat...
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Exploring subjective social inclusion of paralympic athletes in marketing communication European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-11 Simon Beermann, Kirstin Hallmann
This study explores the subjective social inclusion (SSI) of athletes with disabilities, describing elements that, from an athlete's viewpoint, either promote or hinder their inclusion in marketing...
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Paying while playing: examining the influence of interaction with gamified elements in fantasy sports on in-app spending European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Keshav Gupta, Yiran Su, Thilo Kunkel, Daniel C. Funk
Prompting consumers to spend more in fantasy sport applications is necessary to provide supplementary sources of revenue for sport organizations. The current research draws on gamification literatu...
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Internationalisation strategy in sport: the case of Flamengo, the largest Brazilian football club European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 J.V. Carvalho, C.S. Kogut, Miguel Cordova
The present study analyses an emerging market (EM) football club and its internationalisation strategy, seeking to understand its motivations, perceived competitive advantages, strategies and targe...
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Knowledge sharing among coaches: expert power and social cognitive theory perspectives European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Kohei Funasaki, Yuhei Inoue, Yoshio Takahashi, Katsuyoshi Shirai, Yukihiko Okada
Knowledge sharing among coaches plays a crucial role in learning. Although knowledge sharing is a significant management issue for national sport organisations (NSOs) and sport clubs, there is a la...
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Investigating top-down and bottom-up strategic alignment of event leveraging outcomes: the case of the 2021 UCI Road World Championships European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Georgia Teare, Jordan T. Bakhsh, Kerri L. Bodin, Kobe Helsen, Marijke Taks, Jeroen Scheerder
It is generally agreed upon that deliberate planning is needed to achieve pre-determined positive outcomes from sport events (i.e. event leveraging). There is less consensus around the specific str...
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Charity running event for homelessness: the framing effects on prosocial behavioral intentions European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Erica Donlinting, Yong Jae Ko, Jinwoo Ahn, Joon Sung Lee, Dan Connaughton
What are differential framing effects of promotional messages on participants’ prosocial behavioral intentions in the context of charity running events? Do content richness and plight information p...
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Integrating emotions into legitimacy work: an institutional work perspective on new sport emergence European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Jingxuan Zheng, Daniel S. Mason
The purpose of this study was to explore the role emotions play in new sport emergence.A qualitative case study of Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) was undertaken, with content analysis employed to identif...
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Agency and institutions in sport European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Mathew Dowling, Jonathan Robertson, Marvin Washington, Becca Leopkey, Dana Ellis
Much like the social phenomenon which it seeks to explain, institutional theory has become an institutional and dominant theoretical research traditional within sport management. In the context of ...
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Elite athlete activism, advocacy, and protest: a scoping review European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Francis O’Neill, Geoff Dickson, Tim Ströbel, Ashleigh-Jane Thompson
The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the extant literature devoted to elite athlete activism, advocacy, and protest. Three research questions guided the study: (1) How has sports activi...
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Demand for Chinese Super League Broadcast: An Analysis of Broadcasters’ Match Selection and TV Ratings European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Shanshan Li, Kihan Kim, Yoonji Ryu, Hansol Kim
The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting broadcasters’ choice of matches and audience viewership of live Chinese Super League (CSL) matches.Data came from 720 matches spanning ...
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Advancing understanding of individual-level brand management in sport European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Jason Doyle, Thilo Kunkel, Yiran Su, Rui Biscaia, Bradley J. Baker
Published in European Sport Management Quarterly (Vol. 23, No. 6, 2023)
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The personal is professional: exploring romantic relationship within the socioecology of an athlete brand European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Nataliya Bredikhina, Katherine Sveinson, Elizabeth Taylor, Caroline Heffernan
Human brands are embedded in a web of social relationships, and examining athlete brand dynamics holistically requires accounting for the different layers of social embeddedness. However, prior res...
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Beautiful Black British brand: exploring intersectionality of race, gender, and self-branding of Black British sportswomen European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Emmanuel Mogaji, Nguyen Phong Nguyen
The study examines the intersectionality of race and gender and its impact on self-branding of Black British sportswomen.: Data from semi-structured interviews with 18 Black British sportswomen wer...
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Do consumers care about human brands?: A case study of using Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) to map two athletes’ engagements in social and political advocacy European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Yeayoung Noh, Na Young Ahn, Aaron J. Anderson
We aimed to explore consumers’ perceptions of two athletes and athletes’ engagements in social and political advocacy.We conducted 24 individual in-depth, unstructured interviews and applied Zaltma...
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Impact of turning points and transitions on work and family orientations: insights from collegiate coaches European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Jeffrey Alexander Graham, Shaina Dabbs, Marlene Dixon, Ashlyn Nicole Hardie
The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the kinds of transitions and turning points college coaches experience (particularly normative vs non-normative), (2) examine how various transitions ...
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Women’s football subculture of misogyny: the escalation to online gender-based violence European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Alex Fenton, Wasim Ahmed, Mariann (Maz) Hardey, Rosy Boardman, Emma Kavanagh
Given the worldwide growth of women’s football and its presence on social media, it is essential to explore and understand fan attitudes and culture.This article provides the first empirical social...
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The effects of overseas exhibition games on consumer interest: the case of the English Premier League European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Georgios Nalbantis, Tim Pawlowski
This paper attempts to disentangle the impact of overseas exhibition games, a strategic marketing tool frequently implemented by professional sports clubs in their endeavors to expand into foreign ...
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Are we (in)visible?: Toward a critical understanding of Asian women faculty experiences in U.S. sport management European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 NaRi Shin, Hanhan Xue, Ari Kim, Amy Chan Hyung Kim
How do Asian women faculty’s intersecting identities influence the ways in which they identify, fulfill, and negotiate their roles in the White and masculine field of sport management?We used colla...
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Enhancing on-pitch learning capabilities with data analytics and technologies in elite sports European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-10-21 Olatunbosun Olaniyan, Benjamin Dehe, David Bamford, Sara Ward
Research question: We have explored the utilisation of data analytics and technology in elite sports and the role it plays in enhancing on-pitch learning capabilities. In the competitive, complex, ...
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Elite athletes’ perceived dual career competencies and their effectiveness European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Kirstin Hallmann, Christoph Breuer, Jasper Mohr
This study aimed to provide a better understanding of Dual Career competencies among elite athletes. To that effect, we evaluated how elite athletes perceive the importance and their possession of ...
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Rethinking brand management within sport: advancing towards the integrative sport brand ecosystem (ISBE) European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Lars Brand, Pascal Stegmann, Tim Ströbel
Current research increasingly takes a multi-actor-dominant logic and situates sport brands within ecosystems. However, the multi-actor-dominant logic has not been captured in a holistic concept yet...
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Success interrupted: exploring how supporters interpret their team's success in a postponed competition European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-10-08 Daniel Lock, Elizabeth Delia, Yuhei Inoue, Leah Gillooly
Research purpose: This study has two aims: (1) to explore how supporters evaluate success when their team's objective performance record does not change but subjective features of the context do ch...
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Regional policy and organizational fields in multi-level sport governance European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Kyle A. Rich, Grace Nelson, Tammy Borgen-Flood, Ann Pegoraro
Broadly, we sought to explore the role of regional policy in sport institutions and understand their implications for organizational fields in multi-level sport governance systems. Our research que...
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Advancing women’s cycling through digital activism: a feminist critical discourse analysis* European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Larena Hoeber, Sally Shaw, Katie Rowe
ABSTRACT Research question: Social media in sport management contexts is increasingly used to highlight social issues in sport and to advocate for change, such as expanding the opportunities for women to participate. The purpose of this study is to examine how and why people strategically used various Twitter conventions to advocate for women’s cycling during the 2013 (men’s) Tour de France. We draw
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‘When we meet, we play football, it reminds me of home': emotions, institutional work, and sport-for-development and peace European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Mitchell McSweeney, Landy Lu, Lisa Kikulis
While there is a growing body of scholarship on institutional work in sport, less is known about the role of emotions by which institutions are affected. This study aims to explore the role of emot...
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Women’s volleyball demand across different distribution channels European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Nicolas Baecker, Ho Fai (Ben) Chan, Sascha L. Schmidt, Dominik Schreyer, Benno Torgler
ABSTRACT Research question In this study, we add to the slowly emerging literature on modeling the demand for women's sports by exploring the robustness of the determinants for women's volleyball – previously a largely neglected team sport – across three different distribution channels, i.e. online streaming, TV broadcasts, and the stadium experience. Research methods We exploit a data set containing
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Agency in institutionalized sport organizations: examining how institutions suppress agency European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Brent D. Oja, Calvin Nite, Minjung Kim, Jasamine Hill
This study was designed to better understand how institutionalized work practices in sport organizations influence employee agency. We fill a gap in the literature by reaffirming the roles of insti...
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Host community salience loss across major sport event planning European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Michael Duignan, Joan Carlini, Milena Parent
ABSTRACT Research question Major sports events promises are often unrealised, despite locals facing protracted periods of socio-economic disruption. This is a pervasive and empirically verified trend, but little work theorises how and why host community interests become deprioritised. We look at one prominent host community stakeholder group, small businesses, and use a stakeholder salience lens and
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Utilizing a theory of racialized organizations within sport management research and practice European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 Jonathan E. Howe, Ajhanai C. I. Keaton, Carter A. Rockhill
ABSTRACT Research Question There is a dearth of research within prominent sport management outlets using critical race-based theories. This article provides a pathway to addressing this problem as we build on the call to address, challenge, and disrupt epistemological racism in sport management research. We propose adopting a theory of racialized organizations – a meso-level approach to examine organizations
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Trained to be sexist: operationalizing institutional logics in the co-construction of gendered discourse in sport European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Meredith Patricia Flaherty
I enter the cultural processes of gender through operationalizations of the institutional logics that thread agency, structure, and the reproduction of dominant discourses. The research question th...
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Two decades of youth sport policy research: an augmented scoping review and synthesis European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Iain Lindsey, Anna-Maria Strittmatter, John Hayton, Jimmy O’Gorman
ABSTRACT Research question This article addresses the need to develop a comprehensive understanding of research on the formation and content of youth sport policies by presenting a review of studies across the period from 2000 to 2020. The review examined the scale and scope of these studies, collective research findings, and theoretical and methodological approaches utilised. Research methods Compatible
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Understanding how individuals engage in match-fixing: the role of moral disengagement European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Stef Van Der Hoeven, Bram Constandt, Argyro Elisavet Manoli, Maarten van Bottenburg, Stefano Caneppele, Annick Willem
ABSTRACT Research question This study aims to investigate the role of moral disengagement in individuals’ decisions to consent to match-fixing, either alone or in concert with money, other inducements, and threats or pressure. Drawing on the moral (dis)comfort component of an individual's rational-choice cost–benefit assessment, we examine the potential of moral disengagement as an explanatory mechanism
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The legitimacy work of institutional disruption and maintenance: examining the rivalry between LIV golf and the professional golf association European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-07-09 Calvin Nite, Ajhanai Keaton, Patrick Neff, Craig Fulk
Research has shown those within sport organizations engage in legitimacy work when innovation is introduced and/or when current institutional arrangements are challenged. However, both legitimacy w...
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‘Get back to the kitchen, cos u talk s*** on tv’: gendered online abuse and trigger events in sport European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Lauren M. Burch, Beth Fielding-Lloyd, Emily J. Hayday
ABSTRACT Research question Online abuse is prevalent in sport and can be the by-product of trigger events – reactive social media posts that motivate online hate. Little is known about what triggers online abuse, types of content, and how this impacts certain groups. The current research examined how online behaviour emerges, and evolves during a trigger event, through a gendered lens. Research methods
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Conformity to institutional logics and organizational strength of voluntary sport clubs European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-28 Resie Hoeijmakers, Jan-Willem van der Roest
ABSTRACT Research question The aim of this study was to examine if and under what conditions voluntary sport clubs (VSCs) conformed to the institutional logics of professionalism, consumerism and instrumentalism and whether conformity to these logics increases the organizational strength and resources of VSCs. Research methods Cross-sectional (n = 549) and longitudinal (n = 158) panel data of Dutch
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Towards an inductive model of customer experience in fitness clubs: a structural topic modeling approach European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Luke L. Mao, James J. Zhang, Min Jung Kim, Hongyoung Kim, Daniel P. Connaughton, Yong Wang
ABSTRACT Research question A significant advancement in marketing studies has been the use of big data analytics to explore and derive customer experience (CX) insights. With fitness businesses’ pivoting towards managing CX along the entire customer journey, this study aimed to understand CX in the commercial fitness industry. Research methods A textual corpus of three million words was extracted from
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No crowd, no roar, no home advantage: evidence from ice hockey European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Christer Thrane
ABSTRACT Research question The COVID-19 pandemic entailed a period where no spectators were allowed to attend arena events. This provided a unique opportunity to study how the non-presence of supportive home crowds affects home advantage in sports. In this paper, we examine if there is such a home advantage for ice hockey. Research methods Using data from four consecutive seasons of Norwegian ice hockey
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Professional athlete responses to new product development: A dialectic European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Hunter Fujak, Michael T. Ewing, Joshua Newton, Teagan Altschwager
Although scholarship focussed upon professional athletes has grown considerably, their perspective remains underrepresented within the sport management literature. Accordingly, this study gives voi...
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Finding a niche in digital plenitude: sport media strategies of smaller European football leagues European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-06-02 Samuel Tickell, Vitor Sobral, Henk Erik Meier
ABSTRACT Research question Digital disruption is heavily impacting incumbent sports media business models. While major sports seem to cope with digital disruption, the challenges appear much bigger for minor sports. Therefore, the contribution focuses on the efforts of smaller European football leagues to adapt their business models. Two research questions follow: RQ1: What are the most important challenges
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Elite athletes with disabilities marketability and branding strategies: professional agents’ perspectives European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-05-16 Tiao Hu, Nina Siegfried, Minseok Cho, Michael Cottingham
The study aims to explore agents’ motives and strategies in presenting elite athletes with disabilities (EAwD).Utilising a phenomenological qualitative approach and guided by the Model of Athlete B...
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Organizational capacity building in non-profit sport clubs: exploring the role of competition as a capacity building stimulus European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-28 Lea Rossi, Svenja Feiler, Sören Dallmeyer, Christoph Breuer
ABSTRACT Research question Non-profit sport clubs are operating in an increasingly competitive market due to the growth of the for-profit sport sector and changes in sport participation patterns. To counteract competition, clubs are expected to take strategic action by investing in their organizational capacities. The aim of the present study is to explore if and how perceived competition from other
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Relational pluralism, organizational status, and the adoption of collegiate varsity esports programs in the US European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-08 Landy Di Lu, Kathryn Heinze, Hua Gong
ABSTRACT Research question Sport management scholars often draw on institutional theory to examine the adoption of new approaches among sport organizations, but understanding of variation in innovation adoption remains limited. Using a relational perspective to better account for the complexity of the institutional environment, we examine the following questions in the context of esports: how do organizations’
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Innovation drivers, barriers, and strategies of organizing committees for the Olympic games: an embedded single-case study approach European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-04-05 Kristina Hoff, Dana Ellis, Becca Leopkey
ABSTRACT Research question Using organizational innovation as a framework, this empirical study explores the drivers of innovation within Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs), highlights barriers that may hamper their abilities to innovate, and discusses strategies to overcome these barriers and enhance innovation capabilities. Research method A qualitative embedded single-case study
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Determining the price of football: an analysis of matchday ticket prices in the English Premier League European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-24 Tommy Kweku Quansah, Babatunde Buraimo, Markus Lang
Match day revenue is still an essential source of income for many professional sports clubs worldwide. This paper studies the determinants of ticket pricing in the English Premier League and examin...
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Fraud vulnerabilities in sport federations: the role of culture, leadership, and control European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-23 Gema Souvenir, Cleo Schyvinck, Lisa A. Kihl, Wim Hardyns, An Vermeersch, Annick Willem
Fraud is a major threat to the integrity of sports. Sport federations play a key role in safeguarding the integrity of their sport thus emphasizing the importance of internally strengthening their ...
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Athlete activism and attendance behavior in the National Football League European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-20 Nicholas M. Watanabe, Grace Yan, Brian P. Soebbing
There is a growing body of research focused on athlete activism and social movements in the sport literature. One lineage of research examined consumer perceptions and reactions to these movements....
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Football volunteering and subjective well-being: a multi-country study of different voluntary roles and well-being measures European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-17 Pamela Wicker, Tim F. Thormann, Larissa E. Davies
Drawing on different theoretical views of subjective well-being (SWB), this study examines the associations between football volunteering in general, volunteering in specific roles, and different S...
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Leveling the playing field: exploring how community embeddedness shapes institutional translation in youth sport European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-03-04 Kathryn L. Heinze, Sara Soderstrom
Institutional change in sport is supported by the adoption of new models. An institutional translation perspective suggests that as local organizations adopt models from the field, they edit and ‘f...
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Ukrainian refugees and the Swedish sports movement – new opportunities and challenges European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Tony Blomqvist Mickelsson
The war in Ukraine has forced approximately eight million people into neighboring European countries. As part of sports clubs’ societal commitment, many have received Ukrainian refugees. However, c...
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Modelling the organisational socialisation of volunteers in English associational golf clubs European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 Christopher Mills, Cathy Urquhart, Chris Mackintosh, Leah Gillooly
The research considers the organisational socialisation process for volunteers in associational golf clubs.Constructivist grounded theory method was used, with qualitative data collected through 28...
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Environmental matters in sport: sustainable research in the academy European Sport Management Quarterly (IF 3.6) Pub Date : 2023-01-31 Tim Breitbarth, Brian P. McCullough, Andrea Collins, Anna Gerke, David M. Herold
ABSTRACT Research Question Climate change continues to be a critical issue that impacts the ways we produce and consume sport. The extent to which sport responds to climate change (e.g. minimizing carbon emissions, adapting to climate impacts) will become more dire. Thus, it is crucial for sport to respond now to address current and emerging sustainability challenges. The popularity of sport can create