BackgroundAcute sarcopenia is sarcopenia lasting less than 6 months, typically following acute illness or injury. It may impact patient recovery and quality of life, advancing to chronic sarcopenia. However, its development and assessment remain poorly understood, particularly during hospitalisation. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the incidence of acute sarcopenia and examine changes in

BackgroundMuscle atrophy, including glucocorticoid‐induced muscle wasting from treatments such as dexamethasone (DEX), results in significant reductions in muscle mass, strength and function. This study investigates the potential of lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, to counteract DEX‐induced muscle atrophy by targeting key signalling pathways.MethodsWe utilized in vitro models with C2C12

BackgroundThis study explores the link between muscle mass decline and lung function deterioration, which can worsen respiratory health by reducing exercise capacity and quality of life. The relationship between muscle mass index (MMI) changes and lung function in the general population remains unclear, especially as muscle mass fluctuates with aging. We aimed to clarify this dynamic relationship by

BackgroundRecent evidence indicates that a dysregulated host metabolism influences treatment outcomes in patients with breast cancer. We investigated the association of computed tomography (CT)‐derived body composition indices with therapeutic responses in patients with hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) on endocrine plus CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) treatment.MethodsThe

BackgroundInconsistent results have been reported concerning the association between statin administration and muscle health, specifically its potential to increase the risk of sarcopenia. Given the widespread long‐term use of statins among the elderly population, the exploration of this association remains a crucial yet insufficiently examined matter. This study aimed to assess the association between

BackgroundS‐pindolol has metabolic effects of potential benefit in cancer cachexia: reduced catabolism through nonselective β‐blockade; increased anabolism through partial β2 receptor agonism; and increased appetite and reduced fatigue through central 5‐hydroxytryptamine/serotonin receptor activity. A Phase 2a clinical trial demonstrated that S‐pindolol can reverse weight loss and improve fat‐free

No abstract is available for this article.

We thank the following individuals who served as manuscript reviewers for The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM) in 2024. We highly appreciate their efforts. Fair, conscientious and timely peer reviews contribute to the success of JCSM. The Editors.

Background5q‐Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is now one of the 5% treatable rare diseases worldwide. As disease‐modifying therapies alter disease progression and patient phenotypes, paediatricians and consulting disciplines face new unknowns in their treatment decisions. Conclusions made from historical patient data sets are now mostly limited, and new approaches are needed to ensure our continued best

We would like to thank you for the opportunity to respond to the issues raised in the letter by Drs Guo, Lan, Zhou and Liu [1]. The authors raise the concern that the long follow-up of our cohort study has affected the robustness of the study results. The data used from the Nurses' Health Study have the advantage of repeated dietary measurements over a long study period. Therefore, the cumulative average

BackgroundPhysical activity is essential for maintaining muscle mitochondrial function and aerobic capacity. The molecular mechanisms underlying such protective effects are incompletely understood, in part because it is difficult to separate the effects of disease status and physical activity. We explored the association of human skeletal muscle transcriptomic with four measures of energetics and mitochondria

BackgroundCigarette smoking is known to affect muscle function and exercise capacity, including muscle fatigue resistance. Most studies showed diminished cross‐sectional area and fibre type shifting in slow‐twitch muscles such as the soleus, while effects on fast‐twitch muscles were seldom reported and the differential responses between muscle types in response to exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) were

Cancer cachexia can impact prognosis, cause resistance to anticancer treatments and affect the tolerability of treatments. This study aims to identify hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cachexia by characterizing longitudinal body composition (BC) trajectories.

BackgroundDiabetic myopathy is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)–mediated pyroptosis is a type of proinflammatory cell death, which can exacerbate significant muscle cell loss and adverse remodelling. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an essential molecule involved in the regulation of inflammation

BackgroundBilirubin is a by‐product of haemoglobin breakdown and has been reported to be a potent antioxidant recently. While elevated levels of bilirubin have been linked to a reduced risk of various diseases, their role remains unknown in frailty. This study aims to explore the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and the risk of frailty.MethodsThis cohort study included 442 223 White British

BackgroundBack pain poses a significant global burden, within which individuals with more severe symptoms consume higher healthcare expenses than those with lesser back pain. Whether measures of body composition predict high‐intensity back pain and/or high‐disability in population‐based cohorts is unknown. This study aimed to examine the association between body composition at baseline and their change

There is limited evidence about the association of muscle mass, strength and quality with respiratory disease, especially in Chinese populations. We aimed to comprehensively examine such associations and identify better metrics with more clinical and public health relevance.

BackgroundPatients with borderline resectable (BR) or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) require complex management strategies. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of the perichemotherapy skeletal muscle index (SMI) and carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA 19‐9) in patients with BRPC or LAPC treated with FOLFIRINOX.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 227 patients with BR or LAPC who received

BackgroundSkeletal muscle alterations are associated with higher mortality and morbidity in patients with liver cirrhosis. Assessing these changes seems to be a promising method for identifying patients at a high risk of poor outcomes following liver transplantation (LT). This is particularly important given the current global shortage of organ donors. However, evidence of the impact of these alterations

BackgroundSarcopenia is a devastating disease for older adults, but it lacks accessible and reliable tools for measuring total appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM). Two‐dimensional muscle ultrasound (US) has been developed for its bedside clinical advantages and feasibility but lacks standardization and prediction performance. We previously validated a new 3D‐US technique to measure muscle volume

BackgroundSarcopenia is a condition characterized by a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength with age, which results in a lower gait speed. Decreased gait speed in older individuals with sarcopenia can lead to adverse events such as falls and mortality. It is a major health issue; several studies have investigated gait speed in sarcopenia. However, plantar pressure has not been sufficiently

BackgroundResistance training is a well‐known exercise therapy for preventing and improving lacks of muscle mass, strength, and quality with advances in age; however, its effects on arterial stiffness are not beneficial. Additionally, a higher intake of protein, which is an effective nutrient for muscle health, results in lower arterial stiffness. Whether the combination of moderate to high‐intensity

We appreciate the attention and feedback from Liu et al. [1] on our study. We highly value their comments and would like to address some misunderstandings and provide additional background information through the following points. Firstly, Liu et al. mentioned that colocalisation analysis following Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis might introduce irrelevant pleiotropic effects by violating the

We read with great interest the article by Liu Q et al. [1] examining the association between changes in physical activity and kidney function in the general population. The authors utilised a large cohort from the UK Biobank to investigate this important relationship, providing valuable insights. However, we would like to highlight a few key limitations and suggest future research directions that

BackgroundRestless legs syndrome (RLS) is a disorder characterized by nocturnally exacerbating pain that leads to significant sleep disturbances. The hormonal and metabolic changes caused by sleep disruption may increase the incidence of muscle‐related diseases like sarcopenia in older adults, which is defined by a progressive loss of muscle strength and mass. This study aimed to investigate the relationship

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the association between gut microbiota functional profiles and skeletal muscle mass, focusing on sex‐specific differences in a population under 65 years of age.MethodsStool samples from participants were analysed using metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) were quantified (SMI [%] = total appendage muscle mass

We recently read with great interest the paper by Yin and colleagues [1] that pharmacologically available genomic data, cis-eQTL/cis-pQTL from human blood and skeletal muscle tissue, and GWAS pooled data on sarcopenia related traits were used to analyse the potential causal relationship between drug target genes and sarcopenia. The study employed colocalization and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses

Long COVID-19 illness is a severely disabling disease with shortness of breath, weakness and fatigue as leading symptoms, resulting in poor quality of life and substantial delay in return to work.

BackgroundSarcopenia is thought to be underlined by age‐associated anabolic resistance and dysregulation of intracellular signalling pathways. However, it is unclear whether these phenomena are driven by ageing per se or other confounding factors.MethodsLean and healthy young (n = 10, 22 ± 3 years, BMI; 23.4 ± 0.8 kg/m2) and old men (n = 10, 70 ± 3 years, BMI; 22.7 ± 1.3 kg/m2) performed unilateral

Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) manifest in cognitive impairment and gait disorders. The precise similarities and differences in gait characteristics and underlying neuroimaging mechanisms remain unclear.

Randomized controlled trials have reported no effect of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on reducing blood pressure (BP) in youth, probably due to short trial durations. This study examined the longitudinal effect of sedentary time (ST), light PA (LPA) and MVPA on BP in 11-year-old children followed up for 13 years to determine the confounding and mediating role of body composition.

BackgroundThe association between brain and sarcopenia has not been clarified. We aim to investigate the causal association between brain structure, function, gene expression and sarcopenia‐related traits.MethodsAll participants were Europeans. GWAS data of Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDs) was from the UK Biobank. Gene expression in 13 brain regions was acquired from the GTEx Consortium. The sarcopenia‐related

The relationship between sarcopenia and the prognosis of patients with tumours who received radio- and/or chemotherapy still needs to be determined. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and adverse effects and mortality in patients with tumours that received radio- and/or chemotherapy, stratified by study design, tumour category, the method sarcopenia assessed, treatment

It has been shown that in patients with liver cirrhosis, sarcopenia is a predictor of acute decompensation (AD), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and death. However, computer tomography (CT), as a suggested standard method for diagnosing sarcopenia, is resource intensive and involves radiation exposure. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the muscle thickness of quadriceps femoris measured by

Cancer cachexia significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inflammatory pathways mediated by interleukin-6 (IL-6) play a crucial role in the development of cancer cachexia. This study aimed to investigate the use of tocilizumab in the management of NSCLC with coexisting IL-6-elevated cachexia.

Risk factors of refracture after fragility fractures include osteoporosis, female gender and advanced age among others. We hypothesized that the assessment of functionality, muscle health and nutrition status contribute to the risk prediction for further fractures and death.

Sarcopenia is the gradual decrease in skeletal muscle mass, strength and function in elderly individuals. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter naturally produced from glutamate by the enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Age-related decline in GABA is linked to age-related motor and sensory decline and seems to affect sarcopenia, yet no detailed study has been conducted. In this study

The diagnosis of sarcopenia relies extensively on human and equipment resources and requires individuals to personally visit medical institutions. The objective of this study was to develop a test-free, self-assessable approach to identify sarcopenia by utilizing artificial intelligence techniques and representative real-world data.

Sarcopenia is an aging-related condition characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass and is an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis. The relationship between reduced muscle mass and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with advanced coronary artery disease who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is not fully understood. This study is sought to evaluate the prognostic implications

I am writing to express concerns and seek clarification regarding a paper published in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle titled ‘Diagnosis of sarcopenia by evaluating skeletal muscle mass by adjusted bioimpedance analysis validated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry’ [1]. Our company, InBody Co. Ltd., manufacturer of the InBody device used for the above paper, has identified certain

After a thorough analysis of the latest research findings by Keita Miura and colleagues, we affirm their conclusion that approximately one-third of untreated patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibit cachexia before first-line systemic treatment, with different treatment methods having a significant impact on these patients' appetite-related quality of life, weight changes and

We write this letter in response to the article [1], ‘Association between dynapenic obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Hisayama study’. The study offers valuable insights into the role of dynapenic obesity as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Japanese community residents, particularly highlighting the importance of weight management and maintaining muscle

To the Editor: We are writing in response to the article titled ‘Overall Mortality for Community-Dwelling Adults Over 50 Years at Risk of Malnutrition’ [1]. This study highlights the significant association between malnutrition risk and overall mortality, underscoring the importance of broader nutritional screening at the community level. We commend the authors for their valuable contribution and would

We read with great interest the recently published article by Ferrara et al. [1] in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. Based on whole-body [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging, the study demonstrated the groupwise differences in the multi-organ metabolism of lung cancer patients (LCP) with and without cancer-associated cachexia (CAC), thus highlighting systemic metabolic aberrations symptomatic of

We have read a recent article [1] in J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle with great interest. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of low muscle mass within people living with HIV (PLWH) and to identify associated factors. By using multivariate logistic regression analysis, they identified antiretroviral medication types, specifically Zidovudine; BMI and NRI can be independent risk factors for low

The Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) proposed a new definition of cachexia; however, its impact on cachexia prevalence and overlaps with other conditions, such as sarcopenia and malnutrition, are unclear. We investigated these aspects and the prognostic value of cachexia based on the AWGC on mortality in older patients with heart failure (HF).

Pathogenic variants in subunits of succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) are associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in humans. SCS catalyses the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate coupled with substrate-level phosphorylation of either ADP or GDP in the TCA cycle. This report presents a muscle-specific conditional knock-out (KO) mouse model of Sucla2, the ADP-specific beta subunit of SCS, generating

Sarcopenia is a prevalent muscle disorder in old people leading to higher fracture rate, mortality, and other adverse clinical outcomes. Evidence indicates that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are beneficial gut microbial metabolites, were reduced in old people with sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether the use of SCFAs as a supplement can be a therapeutic strategy of sarcopenia

Cachexia, defined as the combination of weight loss, weakness, fatigue, anorexia and abnormal biochemical markers based on Evans' criteria, is known to exacerbate the prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the prognostic impact and prevalence of cachexia, as defined by Evans' criteria, in patients with HF.

Although pharmacological effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the development of frailty and sarcopenia were known, the role of SGLT1 remained less clear. The present study investigated the possible effect of SGLT1 inhibition on these conditions and explored potential mediators.

Previous studies reveal inconsistent associations between serum lipid traits and the risks of fractures and osteoporosis in the general population.

We have taken a keen interest in the recent article titled ‘Reduced temporal muscle thickness predicts shorter survival in patients undergoing chronic subdural haematoma drainage’ by Korhonen and colleagues [1]. The study reveals a significant correlation between the reduced temporal muscle thickness (TMT), measured preoperatively via computed tomography (CT) scans and the shortened postoperative survival

Astronauts in Earth's orbit experience microgravity, resulting in a decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. On Earth, models simulating microgravity have shown that the extent of the loss in muscle force is greater than the loss in muscle mass. The reasons behind this disproportionate loss of muscle force are still poorly understood. In the present study, we hypothesize that alongside the loss

Nutritional status, systemic inflammatory responses and muscle mass are associated with the prognosis of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the optimal biomarker for predicting prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the optimal indicators of survival among the nutrition-based, inflammation-based and muscle mass–related markers for ALS patients.

Malnutrition and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in patients with head neck cancer (HNC). An accurate early diagnosis is necessary for starting nutritional support, as both are clearly associated with clinical outcomes and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the applicability and accuracy of body composition analysis using electrical bioimpedance vectorial analysis (BIVA) for diagnosing malnutrition and

Ageing is associated with a gradual loss of muscle strength, which in the end may have consequences for survival. Whether muscle strength and mortality risk associate in a gradual or threshold-specific manner remains unclear. This study investigates the prospective association of muscle strength with all-cause mortality in the oldest old.

While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are increasingly reshaping the therapeutic landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), only a limited proportion of patients achieve a relevant and long-lasting benefit with these treatments, calling for the identification of clinical and, ideally modifiable, predictors of efficacy. Body composition phenotypes may reflect aspects of patients' immunology

We read with great interest the article by Guo et al [1]. This paper reported the results of a prospective cohort study exploring the impact of sarcopenia and frailty on postoperative recovery in elderly patients. The study found that elderly patients with sarcopenia and frailty experienced poorer recovery post-surgery, characterized by a higher incidence of complications within 90 days, prolonged

We have read a recent article titled ‘AWGC2023 cachexia consensus as a valuable tool for predicting prognosis and burden in Chinese patients with cancer’, with great interest [1]. This study is significant, as it provides insights into the association of cachexia based on the Asian Working Group for Cachexia 2023 criteria with long-term survival. These findings have important implications for estimating

We read with great interest the recent article by Welsh et al. titled ‘Change in physical activity and its association with decline in kidney function: A UK Biobank-based cohort study’ in Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle [1]. The study finds that increased physical activity may protect kidney function, as suggested by the modest yet significant associations observed in large-scale analyses