Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse a large data set of over 2.4 million Top Shot NFT transactions to determine whether there is evidence of revealed racial preferences in the Top Shot market. Design/methodology/approach This study examines a data set of 2.43 million transactions from 28 July 2020 to 20 March 2021 using Ordinary Least Squares, Weighted Least Squares and Inverse Probability

Chronic medical conditions caused by the inadequate adaptation of the body to modern lifestyles, such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diets, are on the rise. This study assessed whether a comprehensive lifestyle intervention, including high volumes of supervised exercise, could improve health outcomes. Eight volunteers with lifestyle‐related diseases received a 6‐month lifestyle intervention consisting

Active commuting can be beneficial for health. We examined whether active commuting by walking or cycling was associated with a lower risk of sickness absence in a Finnish public sector cohort of 28 485 employees. We used negative binomial regression to test associations of weekly active commuting in kilometers (no, low, moderate, and high dose) with all‐cause sickness absence. Sickness absence data

Purpose Sports organizations have a strategic interest in utilizing video games as a means to generate commercial opportunities and increase participation in their respective sports. This study aims to investigate the specific features of sports video games (SVGs) that may significantly influence gamers’ desire to own virtual items, their Willingness to Pay (W2P) for these items and their participation

Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine the holistic impact of expanded servicescape stimuli (physical, social, socio-symbolic, natural) on the decision-making processes (emotional, attitudinal, normative, and control) of fitness center members and consequently, the indirect effects on behavioral intentions (response) within the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model. Design/methodology/approach

Purpose Sport has emerged as a powerful platform for promoting environmental awareness and action. Major collegiate and professional teams have implemented sustainability strategies, although some have hesitated to promote them out of concern for political polarization and fan alienation. This study aimed to examine differences in environmental attitudes among fans of two professional sport organizations

BACKGROUND High adiposity and low physical activity are associated with cancer risk. Whether different amounts and intensities of physical activity can mitigate this association is unclear. We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of adiposity and device-measured physical activity levels of different intensities with cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS This prospective cohort

This study investigated longitudinal physical activity (PA) profiles over 7 years in the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER). Cognition, depression, pain, and PA motives were included as determinants of the PA profiles. The 1259 participants, aged 60–77 years at baseline, were randomized into either a control group receiving general health advice

With over four decades of scholarship assessing sports media coverage through the lens of hegemonic masculinity, this study poses counterpublics as a generative theoretical concept for telling stories about sport differently and locating instances of feminist resistance within sports media. To theorize the nature of a women’s sport counterpublic, this study turns to online women’s sports media organizations

There are many routes to achieving an elite status in sports, which can be described as a journey that involves many developmental environments. In terms of navigating transitions and across environments, the adolescent years are particularly crucial, and psychosocial skills may assist youth athletes to maintain balance and wellbeing in combining sports and education. The aim of this study was to investigate

This study examined how physical education (PE) teachers in one Australian state approached and implemented their practice following the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 14 primary and high school PE specialist teachers who participated in our previous COVID-19-focused studies to understand the changes that occurred in their practice over time. Analysing teachers’

Purpose This paper proposes a structural model that explores the relationship between game/esports streamers’ credibility dimensions and viewers’ willingness to spend money (WTP) on online games. The study seeks to uncover the underlying mechanisms in this relationship by drawing on the source credibility model, social identity theory and S-O-R framework. Design/methodology/approach The study utilized

Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability. Handgrip strength (HGS) using isometric dynamometry is a convenient, feasible, and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages. While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries, no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international

Understanding the dominant direction of association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and grip strength could help refine physical activity recommendations. We performed a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis to elucidate the bidirectional relationship between CRF and grip strength (GS). Using an inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) MR framework, we estimated the strength of the GS (exposure)‐CRF

Studies investigating the mechanisms influencing maximum passive joint range of motion (ROMmax) and stiffness have not objectively assessed the possible influence of stretch speed and/or arousal state. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of arousal state and stretch speed on healthy individuals ROMmax, stiffness, gastrocnemius medialis, and soleus electromyographic activity (EMG). Fourteen

Soft tissue vibrations (STV) can generate discomfort during running. Recent research has shown that footwear affects the amplitude of STV differently across runners but no studies have linked human characteristics and footwear construction yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the runner specific STV responses to various midsole hardness and to identify functional groups, that is, groups

This scoping review brings together, for the first time, research spanning five decades focusing on Muslim students’ experiences of physical education (PE). In taking stock of this work, it advances knowledge by mapping how understandings of the relationship between religion and PE have developed, whilst identifying new avenues of inquiry. Therefore, this scoping review is a useful resource for pedagogues

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of low‐load (LL) blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE) for improving lower limb muscle strength, muscle thickness and physical function in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). In a randomized sham‐controlled trial, 21 participants (age ≥ 18 years, SCI duration ≥ 1 year, knee extensor strength grade 2–4, ASIA A‐D) were randomized

Various attempts have been made to emphasise the educational purpose of physical education (PE). Ennis (2011 ) has noted that understandings of content shift depending on curriculum. The aim of the paper is to explore what the enacted content becomes when the Practising Model is implemented in PE. Four PE teachers, in two Swedish secondary schools, enacted the Practising Model with five classes for

The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of secondary organizational socialization on six mid-career faculty members’ provision of physical education teacher education (PETE). The specific research questions we sought to answer were: (a) what forms of PETE did mid-career faculty members provide for their preservice teachers? and (b) what factors aided or undermined mid-career faculty

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a significant burden for patients with advanced lung cancer. While exercise is recommended for managing CRF during pre- and active treatment phases, evidence supporting its efficacy in advanced stage remains limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the effects of exercise on CRF and its common complications in patients with advanced lung cancer

Increasing evidence highlights the efficacy of interruptions in prolonged sitting (i.e., activity/sedentary breaks) for improving cardiometabolic health, but precise conclusions and recommendations regarding the optimal interruption frequency remain poorly defined. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to directly compare the effect of different frequencies of interrupting prolonged sitting

RETRACTION: D. García‐López, K. Häkkinen, M. J. Cuevas, E. Lima, A. Kauhanen, M. Mattila, E. Sillanpää, J. P. Ahtiainen, L. Karavirta, M. Almar, and J. González‐Gallego, “Effects of Strength and Endurance Training on Antioxidant Enzyme Gene Expression and Activity in Middle‐Aged Men,” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 17, no. 5 (2007): 595–604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600‐0838

This study examines danmu (bullet screens) as a form of parasocial audience engagement, focusing on two television interviews with women athletes. A textual analysis of 3513 comments identified five types of parasocial interactions: addressing the athletes, the host, other viewers, social issues, and the nation. Danmu fosters multidimensional engagement, enabling audiences to shift roles and adopt

Purpose This study investigates the role of athlete brands for the international marketing of professional sports leagues by examining how athlete brands contribute to initiatives of football leagues. Design/methodology/approach Through a single case study of the German Bundesliga underpinned by 17 semi-structured interviews with league, club and media executives, we identify specific brand co-creation

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained much attention and, in part, have replaced common search engines as a popular channel for obtaining information due to their contextually relevant responses. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common topic in skeletal muscle disorders, and patients often seek information about it online. Our study evaluated the ability of 3 LLMs (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, and Perplexity)

Executive functions emerge throughout childhood and shape multiple cognitive and behavioral outcomes across the lifespan. Given the importance of these functions, there is considerable interest in understanding the role of environmental enrichment to support their development. The past 20 years have seen the emergence of a body of evidence around the beneficial effects of engaging in physical activity

The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to examine if exercise training can counteract energy restriction‐induced impairment of mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle of 55–70‐years people with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. The potential impact of sex was explored. Fifty sedentary men and women with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome (age: 61 ± 6 (±SD) years, BMI: 29.6 ± 4.7

On November 25th, 2020, Argentine icon Diego Maradona died, and the international press and governments wrote their obituaries. Unlike what happened with the Argentine media press, where almost no critical voice was raised to remember the controversial sides of the iconic footballer, both British and French media—despite the well-intentioned decolonising agenda of the last seven decades—could not avoid

This 6‐week pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility, perceived efficacy, and participation perspectives of a university campus stair climbing‐based exercise snack (ES) intervention and to compare it to moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT). Healthy, young, inactive adults (age: 21.6 ± 2.3 years, BMI: 22.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to three groups (ES, MICT, and Control [CON])

International research on students’ meaningful experiences in physical education (PE) has led to the proposal of the Meaningful PE approach, aiming to guide pedagogical principles to support students’ meaningful experiences in PE. The approach currently includes democratic and reflective pedagogical principles. With this paper, we aim to contribute to the Meaningful PE approach by emphasizing the need

Purpose This systematic literature review examines the domain of sports sponsorship involving controversial industries. We delve into the shared patterns, differences and overarching themes prevalent across various dark consumption industries (i.e. alcohol, food and beverages high in fat, salt and sugar, gambling and tobacco). Design/methodology/approach This study systematically reviews research on

Training one limb with a high‐load has been shown to augment strength changes in the opposite limb training with a low‐load (via cross‐education of strength), indicating that within‐subject models can be problematic when investigating strength changes. This study examined if the cross‐education of strength from unilateral high‐load training could augment the strength changes in the opposite arm undergoing

Purpose The purpose of this study is to (1) identify the factors that affect the adoption of virtual reality (VR) for spectator sports, (2) examine the differences in the factors among the four adopter categories (i.e. continuers, discontinuers, potentials and resistors) and (3) determine whether these factors are useful for discriminating among the adopter categories, based on the “diffusion of innovation”

To investigate the effect of moderate or heavy slow resistance training on structural and mechanical properties of patellar and Achilles tendons in older men, in vivo. Healthy older men (n = 27) undertook a 12‐week resistance training program (3 times/week) of triceps surae and quadriceps muscle‐tendon complexes. Participants were randomly assigned to either a moderate load of 55% 1RM (O55, n = 13

The overall aim of the present study was to understand how dancers' perception and parents' own perceptions of parents' responsiveness and competence support were associated with dancers' self-perceptions and thriving. In total, 64 dancers and 91 parents for a total of 52 matching dyads participated in the study. Dancers were aged 7-24 years, trained on average 4.17 times/weeks, and were involved in

The decline in fitness levels among children and adolescents underscores the urgent need for effective exercise interventions. Aerobic endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) are vital for physical development in this demographic. This study employs multivariate and network meta‐analysis (NMA) to assess the impact of concurrent training (CT), which integrates both ET and RT, on youth physical

Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health. However, inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance. The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed, evidence-informed, Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery and protocols

Previous findings of sex‐differences in type, location, consequences, and risk factors of running‐related injuries (RRIs) are contradictory. We aim to clarify these potential sex‐differences. This cohort study analyzed prospective RRIs among recreational runners participating in running events (5–42 km) by combining data of two RCTs, including all intervention arms. Participants received a baseline

In the past four decades, health and physical education teacher education (HPETE) research has grown, emphasising social justice and activist approaches as a way to challenge the status quo of systems of oppression, including capitalism, imperialism, patriarchy, racism, LGBTQI+ phobia, and ableism. Despite a wealth of research on social justice and activist approaches in HPETE, there is a notable gap

The ability to accelerate and attain high velocities is essential for both individual and team sport athletes. The purpose of this explorative study was to retrospectively analyze the ground reaction force using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) vector field analysis, as traditional scalar analyses often fail to acknowledge the interdependence of force vector components. The ground reaction force

The application of force is a key aspect of performance during athletic activities. In jumping, the timing and magnitude of force application are important performance factors. The relative timing of forces has only been investigated in the countermovement jump. This study aimed to explore if the synchronization of peak concentric force with the instance of zero velocity during a drop jump impacted

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for measuring muscle size. However, postural conditions for thigh musculature have not been standardized across studies, with some employing supine or prone positions and the thigh either placed on the examination table or suspended to avoid contact. In either case, the thigh is compressed or sagged by gravity, potentially affecting muscle size

In this article, we examine whether modes of representation that disrupt and defamiliarize the naturalized understandings fans share about the legitimacy and necessity of spectacular violence and sacrifice in sport can have the potential to reframe fan attitudes and investments. We explore the social cognitive and attitudinal shift towards traumatic brain injury (TBI) and injury more broadly in American

Journal Name: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Volume: 46 Issue: 6 Pages: 373-377

This study examines the use and effect of statistics in online social media posts on X (formerly Twitter) for the top five professional sports leagues in the U.S. (NFL, NBA, MLB, MLS, and NHL) during 2023 for changes in engagement, enjoyment, and emotion. This study utilizes machine learning to code 49,455 X posts before employing AI-powered sentiment and emotion analysis tools, in conjunction with

The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) physical activity monitor datasets for 2011–12 and 2013–14 were released in late 2020. To date, there has been limited interpretation of these nationally representative wrist‐worn accelerometer data (summarized and reported in Monitor Independent Movement Summary [MIMS] units) and their relationships with health‐related outcomes. This

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance, although findings are inconsistent, with some studies reporting placebo effects. The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition, but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation, thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects. Therefore

Iron facilitates key biological functions underpinning sports performance, and up to 60% of female athletes experience iron deficiency. However, the effects of iron deficiency on sports performance in female athletes is unclear, as are the degree of benefits of iron supplementation (FeSup). This study characterizes the effects of iron deficiency and FeSup on sports performance in high-level female

Purpose This study aims to investigate the complex dynamics of sports sponsorship within the context of mixed martial arts (MMA). Specifically, it explores how audience attitudes toward MMA influence their perceptions of players and sponsors, and subsequently, how these attitudes affect brand perceptions and purchase intentions. Furthermore, this research examines the moderating effect of fans' attitudes

Journal Name: Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Volume: 46 Issue: 6 Pages: 362-372

The effects of having new individuals join a team introduce competitive and cooperative actions that are challenging to groups. Employing socialization tactics that provide tailored role information and cultivate opportunities for social connection is positively related to perceptions of cohesion. However, the socialization process likely relies on the specific actions undertaken by members of the

Purpose This study aimed to investigate the ecological validity of sponsorship effectiveness by examining the visual attention paid to sponsorship at a live sporting event and the subsequent impact of that attention on cognitive outcomes using eye tracking in a natural, real-world environment. Design/methodology/approach Two logistic regression analyses (i.e. sponsor recall and sponsor recognition)