Physical activity is frequently touted as beneficial for mental health. This paper, based on a 2023 ACSM colloquium, highlights key strengths and limitations of the evidence regarding physical activity and mental health from three perspectives: epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trial experiments, and investigations that explicitly consider the potential role that contextual factors, such

Background Under controlled conditions and in some observational studies of runners, airborne fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) is associated with exercise performance decrements. Objective To assess the association between event-day fine particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5) and marathon finish times. Methods Using a spatiotemporal machine-learning model, we estimated

Recent years have seen the development of various classifications of muscle injuries, primarily based on the topographic location within the bone-tendon–muscle chain. This paper proposes an enhanced nomenclature for muscle injuries that incorporates histoarchitectural definitions alongside topographic classifications, emphasizing the importance of connective tissue damage characterization. A detailed

The recent call by Paralympic champion Richard Whitehead for improved access to advanced prosthetics within the National Health Service (NHS) underscores a critical issue in sports and rehabilitation: the need for prostheses that not only restore basic function but also empower individuals to excel in athletic pursuits1. This editorial explores the importance of prostheses in sport, the current challenges

Objective To examine the effect of exercise during the first year postpartum on pelvic floor disorders and diastasis recti abdominis. Design Systematic review with random effects meta-analysis. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscuss, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until 12 January 2024. Eligibility criteria for selecting

Objective Concussion symptoms can be clustered into domains and understanding how multiple symptom domains present clinically may guide more accurate interventions. We investigate the associations between concurrent symptom domains and clinical recovery outcomes, as well as the role of sex in these relationships. Methods We analysed data from the Ivy League–Big Ten Epidemiology of Concussion Study

Objective To examine maternal and fetal cardiovascular responses to high-intensity resistance exercise in pregnancy. Methods 10 healthy pregnant (26.4±3.2 weeks gestation) and 10 healthy non-pregnant individuals were recruited (34.8±6 and 33.5±2.9 years, respectively). At least 48 hours after baseline strength testing to determine 10-repetition maximum (10 RM), participants completed 10 repetitions

Objectives This study examined the relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in the transition from healthy status to first cardiometabolic disease, subsequent cardiometabolic multimorbidity and further to death. Methods We used data from the UK Biobank of 47 484 participants without cardiometabolic diseases at baseline. CRF was assessed via a 6 min incremental ramp cycle ergometer test and expressed

BackgroundAcute sarcopenia is sarcopenia lasting less than 6 months, typically following acute illness or injury. It may impact patient recovery and quality of life, advancing to chronic sarcopenia. However, its development and assessment remain poorly understood, particularly during hospitalisation. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the incidence of acute sarcopenia and examine changes in

PURPOSE While weight-bearing physical activity (PA) benefits bone health, it remains unclear whether PA can counteract hormone-driven menopausal bone deterioration. This secondary analysis of a population-based prospective follow-up study examined changes in bone health indicators around menopause and evaluated whether accelerometer-measured habitual skeletal loading is associated with these changes

Exercise in warm environments increases thermal/cardiovascular strain and decreases gastrointestinal (GI) integrity and endurance performance. However, laboratory-based studies have provided little to/no facing airflow, potentially exacerbating these effects, particularly for cycling, where convective cooling may be a major contributor to thermal balance. PURPOSE This study investigated the effect

PURPOSE This study investigated the mechanisms of neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in quadriceps and hamstring muscles following soccer match-play and typical training sessions dedicated to the physical development of players. METHODS Fifteen male professional academy soccer players completed at different visits a 90-minute simulated soccer match-play (MATCH) and four training sessions modulating

PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) can activate the fibularis longus compartments with high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) biofeedback to the same extent as those without CAI, and to analyze the effect of ankle position on compartment activation in individuals with CAI using HD-sEMG feedback. METHODS There were 16 volunteers per

Abstract Exercise training performed at the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation improves cardiovascular function and metabolic health while simultaneously reducing visceral adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, it is currently considered an efficient non-pharmacological approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disorders. Over the last 5 years

BackgroundMuscle atrophy, including glucocorticoid‐induced muscle wasting from treatments such as dexamethasone (DEX), results in significant reductions in muscle mass, strength and function. This study investigates the potential of lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, to counteract DEX‐induced muscle atrophy by targeting key signalling pathways.MethodsWe utilized in vitro models with C2C12

BackgroundThis study explores the link between muscle mass decline and lung function deterioration, which can worsen respiratory health by reducing exercise capacity and quality of life. The relationship between muscle mass index (MMI) changes and lung function in the general population remains unclear, especially as muscle mass fluctuates with aging. We aimed to clarify this dynamic relationship by

BackgroundRecent evidence indicates that a dysregulated host metabolism influences treatment outcomes in patients with breast cancer. We investigated the association of computed tomography (CT)‐derived body composition indices with therapeutic responses in patients with hormone receptor‐positive, HER2‐negative advanced breast cancer (ABC) on endocrine plus CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) treatment.MethodsThe

BackgroundInconsistent results have been reported concerning the association between statin administration and muscle health, specifically its potential to increase the risk of sarcopenia. Given the widespread long‐term use of statins among the elderly population, the exploration of this association remains a crucial yet insufficiently examined matter. This study aimed to assess the association between

PURPOSE To examine movement behaviour with stress-related biomarkers alongside self-reported mental health issues in adolescents with Neurodevelopmental disorders. METHODS One hundred fifty-one adolescents with clinically diagnosed NDD and aged between 12-17 years were recruited in Hong Kong secondary schools. Salivary cortisol as a stress-related biomarker and self-reported mental health variables

AIM We examined bench press adaptations to three widely used strength training methods; maximal strength training (MST), hypertrophy training (HT) and explosive strength training (EST). To reflect how these methods are typically applied by practitioners, MST and EST were volume matched, whereas HT were performed at higher volume. METHODS Sixty-three moderately trained subjects (32 males; 31 females)

We live in unprecedented times for women in sport. In the USA, the 2024 collegiate basketball finals marked the first time in broadcast history that viewership of the women’s championship game was higher than the men’s.1 Internationally, the 2024 Paris Games were the most gender equal in Olympic history in terms of numerical parity on the playing field.2 Despite such progress, gender inequities in

Objectives To evaluate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cognition in a large sample of older adults, and to examine clinical and demographic factors that might moderate these associations. Methods CRF was measured with a graded exercise test performed on a motorised treadmill. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using data from a comprehensive neuropsychological

BackgroundS‐pindolol has metabolic effects of potential benefit in cancer cachexia: reduced catabolism through nonselective β‐blockade; increased anabolism through partial β2 receptor agonism; and increased appetite and reduced fatigue through central 5‐hydroxytryptamine/serotonin receptor activity. A Phase 2a clinical trial demonstrated that S‐pindolol can reverse weight loss and improve fat‐free

No abstract is available for this article.

We thank the following individuals who served as manuscript reviewers for The Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM) in 2024. We highly appreciate their efforts. Fair, conscientious and timely peer reviews contribute to the success of JCSM. The Editors.

Background Physical activity is beneficial for preventing non-communicable and infectious diseases, such as pneumonia. Physical activity is also a potential protective factor for reducing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. Conversely, outbreaks of respiratory viral infections are more likely to occur owing to group activities, opportunities for contact with individuals and vocalisations

Clinicians and practitioners have used passive exercise to improve mobility; however, research designed to systematically explore its effects is not well developed. This editorial will highlight evidence from studies of acute bouts of passive exercise that could be leveraged to understand whether regular passive exercise could maintain and improve brain health. Regular active exercise (ie, volitional

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate differences in cortical activation between individuals with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during a dorsi-plantarflexion task and further explore its association with sensorimotor function. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 62 participants were recruited, including 31 adults with CAI and 31 healthy adults. Sensorimotor functions, including

PURPOSE We investigated if a bout of HIIE is more efficacious at reducing postprandial hyperglycemia than an isocaloric bout of MICE. METHODS Nineteen healthy physically active individuals (21% women) completed three trials in a randomized order: i) HIIE cycling consisting of 5 bouts of 4 min at 83 ± 9% of subjects' maximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2 MAX) with active recoveries at 53 ± 8% for a total

INTRODUCTION We compared the 12-months effects of arthroscopic surgery and physiotherapist-led care for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome on the time-varying magnitude of hip contact force and muscle contributions to hip contact force during walking. METHODS Secondary analysis was performed on thirty-seven individuals with FAI syndrome who received biomechanical assessment before and 12-months

INTRODUCTION We tested the hypothesis that muscle damage protection effect would be induced by its antagonist muscle eccentric exercise. METHODS Sedentary young (20-28y) men were randomly assigned into six groups; three groups each for arm or leg exercise group (n = 12/group). One group performed two bouts of 30 maximal eccentric contractions (30MaxEC) of the elbow flexors (EF) or 60 maximal eccentric

PURPOSE To identify clinical concussion assessment outcomes that uniquely capture simulated driving performance among acutely concussed individuals, relative to controls. METHODS Cross-sectional design. Twenty-eight college students within 72-hours of concussion and 46 non-concussed controls participated in the study. We collected the following clinical concussion assessment outcomes: 4 concussion

Background The incidence and risk factors for sport-related concussion (SRC) associated with contact and collision invasion sports (CCIS) in female youth are unclear. Objectives This systematic review aimed to identify (i) the incidence of and (ii) risk factors for SRC in female youth athletes playing CCIS. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SPORTDiscus and ProQuest to 8 May, 2024

Background To combat the high prevalence of physical inactivity among children, there is an urgent need to develop and implement real-world interventions and policies that promote physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB). To inform policy makers, the current body of evidence for children’s PA/SB interventions needs to be translated. Objectives The current systematic review and meta-analysis

Over the past 20 years, scientific investigation and public awareness of concussion has expanded exponentially. This has represented a critical swing of the pendulum for a field that previously had been somewhat ignored by the medical establishment, research funders and health policy-makers. Although substantial progress has been made in better identification and management of acute concussion, many

In recent years, there has been a noticeable amount of discussion surrounding reporting methods in sports injury epidemiology.1–3 Particular emphasis has been placed on characterising the scope of impact that an injury poses in various sporting contexts. Depicting the extent of an injury problem using specific metrics can be complex and challenging. While movements towards comprehensive reporting are

Bone stress injuries, commonly referred to as stress reactions and stress fractures, represent overuse injuries to bone. These injuries result in physical limitations in activity and can be career-ending for high-level athletes. While bone stress injuries have received increased attention in recent years, international consensus is lacking on definitions, risk factors and strategies for management

Over the past several decades, muscle damage represented by delayed-onset muscle soreness and prolonged decreases in muscle function has been a central agenda for exercises mainly consisting of eccentric (lengthening muscle) contractions (ie, eccentric exercises).1 However, in more recent decades, the paradigm of eccentric exercise has taken on new dimensions with accumulating evidence suggesting its

Identity concordance is a well-studied phenomenon that may improve physician–patient relationships, communication, and ultimately, patient outcomes.1 2 However, there are numerous barriers to identity concordance in medicine. For instance, nearly 15% of the US population identifies as ‘Black,’ and another 3% identify as ‘American Indian/Alaskan Native.’3 4 Across all identities, 27% of individuals

Background5q‐Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is now one of the 5% treatable rare diseases worldwide. As disease‐modifying therapies alter disease progression and patient phenotypes, paediatricians and consulting disciplines face new unknowns in their treatment decisions. Conclusions made from historical patient data sets are now mostly limited, and new approaches are needed to ensure our continued best

Many areas of mainstream psychology have embraced the notions that understanding human behaviour can be improved by integrating developments from evolutionary science; however, evolutionary principles have not been as widely applied among sport researchers or practitioners, especially those examining athlete development and the psychology of competition and performance. In this paper, we discuss the

Objective This study reviewed the current state of machine learning (ML) research for the prediction of sports-related injuries. It aimed to chart the various approaches used and assess their efficacy, considering factors such as data heterogeneity, model specificity and contextual factors when developing predictive models. Design Scoping review. Data sources PubMed, EMBASE, SportDiscus and IEEEXplore

Research continues to demonstrate that participating in regular physical activity (PA) is indispensable for maintaining health and fitness across the lifespan. Nevertheless, global trends in child PA show consistent declines,1 especially over the past 30 years.2 Currently, the global state of PA surveillance is inadequate and inconsistent. Intercontinental PA initiatives assessing children and adolescents

High rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in girls’ and women’s sports have garnered significant attention from researchers, sport organisations and the media. Gender/sex disparities in ACL injury rates are often estimated using the construct of athlete-exposures (AEs), a widely used measure of exposure time in sports science and epidemiology that is defined as one athlete participating

While current guidelines recommend that children engage in at least 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily,1 only 21% of youth reach this goal.2 As children approach adolescence, their physical activity (PA) levels decline and disparities in PA levels emerge, especially among racial minorities such as US Latino/Hispanic children.2 Moreover, meeting PA guidelines is more problematic

We would like to thank you for the opportunity to respond to the issues raised in the letter by Drs Guo, Lan, Zhou and Liu [1]. The authors raise the concern that the long follow-up of our cohort study has affected the robustness of the study results. The data used from the Nurses' Health Study have the advantage of repeated dietary measurements over a long study period. Therefore, the cumulative average

INTRODUCTION Mountain ultramarathon induces extreme physiological stress for the human body. For instance, a decrease in total hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) due to severe hemolysis is historically suspected. Nevertheless, hematological changes following a 330-km mountain ultramarathon have to date never been investigated. METHODS Blood volumes were determined before (pre-) and after (post-) a 330-km race

INTRODUCTION Plantar fasciitis (PF) is one of the most common running-related injuries. PURPOSE The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of PF and identify potential risk or protective factors for PF in runners and non-runners. METHODS Data from 1206 participants from the 4HAIE cohort study (563 females/643 males; 715 runners/491 non-runners; 18-65 years of age) were included

INTRODUCTION Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit autonomic dysfunction, which contributes to reduced work capacity. The metaboreflex produces exercise-induced sympathoexcitation and can be assessed via post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI). Blunted sympathoexcitation is common in individuals with DS and contributes to the physiological basis for reduced work capacity observed this population

When thinking about elite sport, most conjure up an image of victory. However, athletes are at risk of experiencing indirect trauma after witnessing a critical event. Examples include cardiac arrest, significant injuries and crashes.1 This concept is vicarious trauma: ‘Harmful changes that occur in an individual’s view of themselves, others, and the world as a result of exposure to graphic or traumatic

Comparing apples to oranges is rational when comparing different fruits; comparing apples to beans is something else entirely. Likewise, injury prevention trials proposing warm-up interventions should strive to deliver reasonable comparisons. The contents and dosage of the intervention and control warm-ups may vary, especially in the context of pragmatic trials, but should be appropriately described

Collisions and physical contact with other athletes, or the playing environment, are fundamental aspects of many sports. These can result from intentional high-impact actions (eg, tackling in rugby and throws in judo), and/or incidental actions (e.g., contesting an aerial challenge in netball and blocking a ball in football). With the unprecedented growth and professionalisation of women’s sports that

Multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) represent a broad spectrum of pathology with potentially devastating consequences. Currently, disagreement in the terminology, diagnosis and treatment of these injuries limits clinical care and research. This study aimed to develop consensus on the nomenclature, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation strategies for patients with MLKI, while identifying important

Objectives This study explored how race and socioeconomic status (SES) moderated the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and depressive symptoms with compositional data. Methods Participants were 2803 US adults from the 2005–2006 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Accelerometers were used to measure MVPA, light-intensity physical activity (LPA)

Objectives Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have substantially elevated risk for cardiovascular diseases, and low cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) is a major mediator. The aim of this assessor-blinded, two-armed multicentre randomised controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and strength exercise on cardiovascular health, physical fitness and

Objective Concerns exist about the possible detrimental effects of exercise training on aortic size and valve function in individuals with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). This multicentre international study aimed to determine the characteristics of aortic size and valve function in athletes versus non-athletes with BAV and athletes with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV). Methods We enrolled competitive athletes

Objective To develop and evaluate a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to assess people’s knowledge and beliefs about low back pain. Methods This study followed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments guidelines. An 18-item preliminary version of the Back pain Knowledge and beliefs Survey (BacKS) was generated based on evidence-based key messages and

Objectives This study aimed to assess participation rates of transgender and gender diverse (trans) people in sport/fitness activities, compare mental health outcomes for trans people participating in sport/fitness with those who do not and explore internal/external barriers and bullying experiences faced by trans people in sport/fitness contexts. Methods A cross-sectional online survey open to trans

Objective To review the efficacy of exercise interventions on sport-related concussion (SRC) incidence, as well as on linear and rotational head accelerations, and isometric neck strength and to assess reporting completeness of exercise interventions using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT). Design Systematic review and meta-analysis, according to the Prisma in Exercise, Rehabilitation

Objective To compare the efficacy of exercise, metformin and their combination on glucose metabolism in individuals with abnormal glycaemic control. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources Embase, Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials involving exercise, metformin or their combined treatments in individuals with prediabetes