Oat is a functional resource in food processing, medical, and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to compare the influence of agronomic factors and physiological and climatic parameters on the grain yield of hulled and hulless oat. The following variables were evaluated in a three-year experiment: (i) agronomic factors – nitrogen fertilization, plant protection, and oat morphotypes, (ii) environmental conditions – days after sowing, growing degree days, and accumulated precipitation until the achievement of vegetative, transition, and reproductive phases of plant growth and development, and (iii) physiological indicators of plant growth and development – net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant nitrogen status, leaf area index, and plant water potential. The physiological indicators of plant growth and development were similar in both oat morphotypes. Variability in morphological traits, yield components, and grain yield was affected mainly by the net photosynthetic rate in hulless oat and by the leaf area index in hulled oat. In both oat morphotypes, nitrogen fertilization was an agronomic factor that induced significant differences in yield, whereas the effects of plant protection were similar. A significant increase in yield was observed in response to the N rate of 60 kg ha−1, by 41 % in hulless oat and by 35 % in hulled oat. A further increase in the nitrogen rate to 120 kg ha−1 increased the grain yield by 11 % in hulless oat and by 13 % in hulled oat. In hulled and hulless oat, nitrogen use efficiency was determined at 20 and 15 kg of grain per 1 kg of N, respectively, and it contributed to a considerable difference in grain yield, which reached 5.8 Mg ha−1 in hulled oat and 4.2 Mg ha−1 in hulless oat. The modeled results indicate that plant height and yield components are the most important yield-related traits in oat cultivation, with significant potential for further improvement in performance.

中文翻译：

---

农艺因素和生理气候参数对去壳和去壳燕麦产量的影响建模


燕麦是食品加工、医疗和化妆品行业的功能性资源。本研究的目的是比较农艺因素和生理气候参数对去壳和无壳燕麦产量的影响。在一项为期三年的实验中评估了以下变量：（i） 农艺因素 – 氮肥、植物保护和燕麦形态型，（ii） 环境条件 – 播种后天数、生长期天数和累积降水，直到达到植物生长发育的营养、过渡和生殖阶段，以及 （iii） 植物生长和发育的生理指标 – 净光合速率， 蒸腾速率、植物氮状况、叶面积指数和植物水势。两种燕麦形态型的植物生长发育生理指标相似。形态性状、产量构成因素和籽粒产量的变异性主要受去壳燕麦净光合速率和去壳燕麦叶面积指数的影响。在这两种燕麦形态型中，氮肥是导致产量显著差异的农艺因素，而植物保护的效果相似。观察到 60 kg ha-1 的氮肥用量显著提高，无壳燕麦产量增加 41%，去壳燕麦产量增加 35%。氮肥用量进一步增加到 120 kg ha-1 使去壳燕麦的产量增加了 11%，去壳燕麦的产量增加了 13%。在去壳和无壳燕麦中，氮利用效率分别为每 1 公斤氮 20 公斤和 15 公斤谷物，这导致了相当大的谷物产量差异，去壳燕麦达到 5.8 Mg ha-1，无壳燕麦达到 4.2 Mg ha-1。 建模结果表明，株高和产量构成因素是燕麦种植中最重要的与产量相关的性状，具有进一步提高性能的巨大潜力。