The growing demand for food, fuel, and other agricultural products is reached to be met by increasing production on the land currently under cultivation. To tackle this challenge, we conducted 468 plots containing 263 maize hybrids during 2010–2021. Plots were divided into three yield bands: < 17.7, 17.7–21.0, and > 21.0 Mg/ha. The average yield was 19.2 Mg/ha, with a range of 9.8–24.9 Mg/ha. Dry matter (DM) accumulation and harvest index (HI) are key factors that determine the final grain yield. From < 17.7 Mg/ha to > 21.0 Mg/ha, mean yield increased by 40.8 %, dry matter (DM) accumulation, post-silking DM and HI increased by 13.2 %, 14.7 % and 10.4 %, respectively. Yield increased from the lowest to the highest yield band, the proportion of dry grains weight to post-silking DM and grain leaf ratio increased, while the remobilization efficiency of pre-silking DM decreased. The contribution of pre-silking DM to yield decreased as yield increased, whereas the contributions of post-silking DM to yield increased. When the yield was > 21.0 Mg/ha, the proportion of pre- and post-silking DM was about 4:6. HI increased with the increase of yield. When the yield was ≥18.08 Mg/ha, the HI was stable at 0.53. In conclusion, under high plant density conditions, increased yield requires higher post-silking DM and HI. Our results are crucial to identify methods of enhancing yield at the population level and meet the food demands of the growing human population.

中文翻译：

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多环境集约化管理下高产玉米基因型动态


对食品、燃料和其他农产品日益增长的需求可以通过增加目前耕地的产量来满足。为了应对这一挑战，我们在 2010-2021 年期间进行了 468 个样地，其中包含 263 个玉米杂交种。将样地分为三个产量带：< 17.7、17.7-21.0 和 > 21.0 毫克/公顷。平均产量为 19.2 毫克/公顷，范围为 9.8-24.9 毫克/公顷。干物质 （DM） 积累和收获指数 （HI） 是决定最终谷物产量的关键因素。从 < 17.7 毫克/公顷到 > 21.0 毫克/公顷，平均产量增加了 40.8 %，干物质 （DM） 积累，花后干物质 （DM） 和 HI 分别增加了 13.2 %、14.7 % 和 10.4 %。产量由最低到最高产量区间增加，干粮重与花后 DM 的比例和籽粒叶比增加，而花前 DM 的再移动效率降低。随着产量的增加，前花前 DM 对产量的贡献降低，而花后 DM 对产量的贡献增加。当产量为 > 21.0 Mg/hm2 时，花前和花后 DM 的比例约为 4：6。HI 随产量的增加而增加。当产量为 ≥18.08 Mg/hm2 时，HI 稳定在 0.53。总之，在植物密度高的条件下，产量的增加需要更高的花后 DM 和 HI。我们的结果对于确定在人口水平上提高产量和满足不断增长的人口的食品需求的方法至关重要。