European agriculture policies emphasize the importance of agricultural sustainability, focusing on increase of biodiversity through crop diversification. In Mediterranean dryland cropping systems, the introduction of crops in rotation with cereals is challenged by scarce precipitation and high evapotranspiration. In this scenario, camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz), a low-input annual oleaginous crop with a high morphological plasticity, short life cycle, and interesting oil and meal composition, could be an option to be included in rotation with winter cereals. The aim of this experiment was to study the agronomic performance, and seed oil and meal protein contents of camelina in two different climatic conditions, with a sowing delay in one of them. Several trials were conducted in Montargull (Mediterranean semihumid) and in Lleida (Mediterranean semiarid) in two seasons (2020–21 and 2021–22). In Montargull, two sowing dates (November, SD1 and January, SD2) were established. In each growing condition, three spring camelina varieties were sown (Calena, CO46 and GP204). Camelina was harvested between May and July, and yield and harvest index were measured. After cold pressing the seeds, seed oil and meal protein contents were analysed. Camelina yield and quality was not related to the variety, but to two climatic scenarios: 1) a favourable rainfall distribution without important drought periods (2020–21); 2) significant rainfalls in November and April, but with a drought period in between (2021–22). In the first situation, camelina production ranged from 1533 to 2187 kg ha−1, with high seed oil (40.4–41.4 %) and meal protein (41.0–44.8 %) contents. In the second situation, the yield decreased to 242–661 kg ha−1, seed oil content to 31.0–34.7 %, and meal protein content to 37.6–40.4 %. Despite these seasonal differences, SD1 in Montargull obtained higher average yields and protein content than in Lleida and in SD2. In contrast, in Lleida and in SD2 in Montargull camelina produced higher oil content. The implementation of camelina into Mediterranean dryland crop rotation systems is feasible. Considering the importance of moisture in these climatic conditions, the use of no-till practices is recommended in dryland fields to avoid excessive water loss, while the use of camelina in irrigated fields could be explored. However, more long-term agronomic and industrial research is still needed.

中文翻译：

---

在地中海条件下，生长条件而非品种会影响亚麻荠的产量、种子油和油粕蛋白


欧洲农业政策强调农业可持续性的重要性，重点是通过作物多样化来增加生物多样性。在地中海旱地种植系统中，与谷物轮作的作物受到降水稀少和高蒸散量的挑战。在这种情况下，亚麻荠 （Camelina sativa （L.） Crantz） 是一种低投入的一年生含油作物，具有高形态可塑性、短生命周期和有趣的油粕成分，可以成为与冬季谷物轮作的一种选择。本试验的目的是研究亚麻荠在两种不同气候条件下的农艺性能、种子油和粕蛋白含量，其中一种气候条件下的播种延迟。在两个季节（2020-21 年和 2021-22 年）在 Montargull（地中海半湿润地区）和 Lleida（地中海半湿润地区）进行了多项试验。在 Montargull，确定了两个播种日期（11 月，SD1 和 1 月，SD2）。在每种生长条件下，播种了三个春季亚麻荠品种（Calena、CO46 和 GP204）。亚麻荠在 5 月至 7 月期间收获，并测量产量和收获指数。冷榨种子后，分析种子油和豆粕蛋白含量。亚麻荠的产量和质量与品种无关，而是与两种气候情景有关：1） 没有重要干旱期（2020-21 年）的有利降雨分布;2） 11 月和 4 月降雨量大，但两者之间有干旱期（2021-22 年）。在第一种情况下，亚麻荠的产量范围为 1533 至 2187 公斤公顷-1，种子油含量 （40.4-41.4%） 和粕粉蛋白含量高 （41.0-44.8%）。在第二种情况下，产量下降到 242-661 kg ha-1，种子油含量下降到 31.0-34。7 %，粉蛋白含量为 37.6-40.4 %。尽管存在这些季节性差异，但 Montargull 中的 SD1 获得了比 Lleida 和 SD2 更高的平均产量和蛋白质含量。相比之下，在 Lleida 和 Montargull 的 SD2 中，亚麻荠的含油量更高。将亚麻荠纳入地中海旱地作物轮作系统是可行的。考虑到水分在这些气候条件下的重要性，建议在旱地田地使用免耕做法，以避免水分过度流失，同时可以探索在灌溉田中使用亚麻荠。然而，仍需要更多的长期农艺和工业研究。